Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT w...Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL(PROSAIL)radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion.However,the presence of leaf-eating pests,such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao(PPC),weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered.Therefore,this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables(LUTs)based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels.Quantitative inversions of leaf area index(LAI),leaf chlorophyll content(LCC),and leaf equivalent water thickness(LEWT)were derived.The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content(CCC)and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness(CEWT)were calculated.The results showed that LAI,CCC,and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress.When applying multiple LUTs,the p-values were<0.01;the R2 values for LAI,CCC,and CEWT were 0.71,0.68,and 0.65 with root mean square error(RMSE)(normalized RMSE,NRMSE)values of 0.38(0.16),17.56μg cm-2(0.20),and 0.02 cm(0.51),respectively.Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model,for October,R2 values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT,respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35μg cm-2 for CCC.The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model,while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels,was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.展开更多
The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of silodosin treatments on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from randomi...The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of silodosin treatments on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from randomized controlled trials. We searched PubMed (1966- December 2011), Embase (1974-December 2011) and the Cochrane Library Database (2011, Issue 12). The assessed outcome measures were the change from baseline for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, peak urine maximum flow rate (Qmax), QoL related to urinary symptoms and adverse effects. Two authors independently assessed the study quality and extracted data. All data were analysed using RevMan 5.1. The meta-analysis included four randomized controlled trials with a total of 2504 patients. The study durations were each 12 weeks. At the follow-up end points, the pooled results showed that the change from baseline for the silodosin group was significantly higher than the placebo group for the IPSS, QoL score and Qmax(mean difference (MD)=-2.78, P〈O.O0001; MD=-O.42, P--O.O04; MD= 1.17, P〈O.OOOOl,respectively) and patients felt more satisfied with QoL related to urinary symptoms in the silodosin group than the placebo group. Ejaculation disorder was the most commonly reported adverse effect. The pooled results also showed that the silodosin group was superior to the 0.2 mg tamsulosin group with respect to the IPSS and QoL score (IPSS: MD=- 1.14, P=O.02; QoL score: MD=-0.26, P=O.02) and inferior to the 0.2 mg tamsulosin group with respect to Qmax (MD=-0.85, P=O.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the incidence of ejaculation disorder and dizziness between the silodosin and 0.2 mg tamsulosin groups. The current meta-analysis suggested that silodosin is an effective therapy for LUTS in men with BPH and is not inferior to 0.2 mg tamsulosin.展开更多
The Kooh-Shah region located in a Tertiary volcanic-plutonic belt of the Lut Block in eastern Iran comprises several subvolcanic intermediate to acidic intrusive rocks, diorite to syenite in composition, which have in...The Kooh-Shah region located in a Tertiary volcanic-plutonic belt of the Lut Block in eastern Iran comprises several subvolcanic intermediate to acidic intrusive rocks, diorite to syenite in composition, which have intruded into volcanic rocks. The Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks are characterized by enrichment in large ion-lithophile elements (LILE: e.g. Sr, Ba, Rb) and depletion in high field-strength elements (HFSE: e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by moderate LREE enrichment (La/Yb)N=6.01-10.01, medium-heavy REE enrichment, and absence of Eu anomalies. The Kooh-Shah intrusive rocks are metaluminous, shoshonitic with calc-alkaline affinity and high values of magnetic susceptibility, and classified as the magnetite-series of oxidant I-type granitoids. The age of Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks based on zircon U-Pb age dating is 39.7±0.7 Ma (=Middle Eocene) and the ranges of their initial 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios are from 0.704812 to 0.704920 and 0.512579 to 0.512644, respectively, when recalculated to an age of 39 Ma. The initial ?Nd isotope values for the Kooh-Shah intrusive rocks range from -0.18 to 1.09. This geochemical data indicates that the Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks formed from depleted mantle in an island arc setting. The geochemical signature of the studied granitoid rocks represents a characteristic guide for future exploration of copper-gold porphyry-type deposits in the Lut block.展开更多
Given special tectonic and climatic conditions, Iran has the most diverse land-forms and beautiful geological phenomena, which could attract many scientific, adventurous tourists and geological researchers. The presen...Given special tectonic and climatic conditions, Iran has the most diverse land-forms and beautiful geological phenomena, which could attract many scientific, adventurous tourists and geological researchers. The present study aims at studying and introducing wonderful geomorphological attractions and numerous geotourism potentials of very hot paradise of the earth, e.g. Dasht-e Lut of Iran, a desert which contains a collection of exclusive desert relieves and geological and geomorphological records of the world. Such unique perspectives as the biggest Nebkhas of the world, the largest Yardangs or Kaluts of the world, the hottest point of the earth, as well as rare species of desert structures such as salt marshes and salt polygons, Gandom Beryan Hill, massive sand dunes, Barchans, clay zones in pretty shapes, saline river , etc., present a vast and diverse extension of geographical beauties and phenomena of the desert. Using library studies, interpretation of satellite images and field studies, this study has been conducted. The results of the studies show that Lut Desert has considerable capability for carrying out complementary studies as well as effect on economic development process in national and international levels. In addition, geotourism development obstacles in Lut Desert are identified, and such solutions as development of ways for access to attractions, erection of geotourism development centers, advertisement and introduction of the desert's attractions, dispatch of guides with tourists, promotion of the region security, extension of accommodations and… for better use of the potentials of the desert, are provided. Furthermore, towards developing the region geotourism, some other fun and exciting activities such as sand skiing, racings and desert rallies, endurance cycling, sun bath, star observation, camel riding and so on, are suggested. Obviously, having various desert attractions and multiple geotourism potentials, Dasht-e Lut has the capability of being considered among global geoparks of UNESCO.展开更多
The Khur metallogenic district is located in a volcanic-plutonic belt in the central Lut Block(central eastern Iran). Mineralization occurs in Middle Eocene andesitic tuff and along four main vein systems trending nor...The Khur metallogenic district is located in a volcanic-plutonic belt in the central Lut Block(central eastern Iran). Mineralization occurs in Middle Eocene andesitic tuff and along four main vein systems trending northwest-southeast(Shurk, Mir-e-Khash, Shikasteh Sabz and Ghar-e-Kaftar veins).Microscopic studies reveal that the veins contain bornite, chalcocite, pyrite, tennantite together with minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite as hypogene minerals and chalcocite, digenite, covellite, valleriite,malachite, azurite, atacamite, hematite, and goethite as supergene minerals. The ore bodies are accompanied by narrow but intensely developed wall rock alterations of argillization, carbonatization and silicification. Copper content reaches 6.5, 2.4, 4.2 and 5% in Mir-e-Khash, Shikasteh Sabz, Ghar-eKaftar and Shurk, respectively. Microthermometric measurements of quartz-and calcite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate that the mineralization might be derived from a moderately saline hydrothermal fluid at temperatures between 175-316℃. Calculated δO values of water in equilibrium with quartz and calcite for Khur veins suggest that the fluid might have had a magmatic source, but theO-depletion was developed through mixing with meteoric water. Copper deposition in Khur veins is believed to have been largely caused by mixing, although wall rock reactions may also have occurred. The Khur veins are classified as volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal-related vein deposits.展开更多
This brief proposes an area and speed efficient implementation of symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter using reduced parallel look-up table (LUT) distributed arithmetic (DA) based approach. The compl...This brief proposes an area and speed efficient implementation of symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter using reduced parallel look-up table (LUT) distributed arithmetic (DA) based approach. The complexity lying in the realization of FIR filter is dominated by the multiplier structure. This complexity grows further with filter order, which results in increased area, power, and reduced speed of operation. The speed of operation is improved over multiply-accumulate approach using multiplier less conventional DA based design and decomposed DA based design. Both the structure requires B clock cycles to get the filter output for the input width of B, which limits the speed of DA structure. This limitation is addressed using parallel LUTs, called high speed DA FIR, at the expense of additional hardware cost. With large number of taps, the number of LUTs and its size also becomes large. In the proposed method, by exploiting coefficient symmetry property, the number of LUTs in the decomposed DA form is reduced by a factor of about 2. This proposed approach is applied in high speed DA based FIR design, to obtain area and speed efficient structure. The proposed design offers around 40% less area and 53.98% less slice-delay product (SDP) than the high throughput DA based structure when it’s implemented over Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA device-XC5VSX95T-1FF1136 for 16-tap symmetric FIR filter. The proposed design on the same FPGA device, supports up to 607 MHz input sampling frequency, and offers 60.5% more speed and 67.71% less SDP than the systolic DA based design.展开更多
Barchan dunes are among the most common accumulative phenomena made by wind erosion,which are usually formed in regions where the prevailing wind direction is almost constant throughout the year and there is not enoug...Barchan dunes are among the most common accumulative phenomena made by wind erosion,which are usually formed in regions where the prevailing wind direction is almost constant throughout the year and there is not enough sand to completely cover the land surface.Barchans are among the most common windy landscapes in Pashoueyeh Erg in the west of Lut Desert,Iran.This study aims to elaborate on morphological properties of barchans in this region using mathematical and statistical models.The results of these methods are very important in investigating barchan shapes and identifying their behavior.Barchan shapes were mathematically modeled by simulating them in the coordinate system through nonlinear parabolic equations,so that two separate equations were calculated for barchan windward and slip-face parabolas.The type and intensity of relationships between barchan morphology and mathematical parameters were determined by the statistical modeling.The results indicated that the existing relationships followed the power correlation with the maximum coefficient of determination and minimum error of estimate.Combining the above two methods is a powerful basis for stimulating barchans in virtual and laboratory environments.The most important result of this study is to convert the mathematical and statistical models of barchan morphology to each other.Focal length is one of the most important parameters of barchan parabolas,suggesting different states of barchans in comparison with each other.As the barchan's focal length decreases,its opening becomes narrower,and the divergence of the barchan's horns reduces.Barchans with longer focal length have greater width,dimensions,and volume.In general,identifying and estimating the morphometric and planar parameters of barchans is effective in how they move,how much they move,and how they behave in the environment.These cases play an important role in the management of desert areas.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071300)the Fujian Province Natural Science(2020J01504)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630728)the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Monitoring&Sustainable Management and Utilization(ZD202102)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University(KC190002)the Open Fund of University Key Lab of Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resources Utilization in Fujian Province(fafugeo201901)supported by the Research Project of Jinjiang Fuda Science and Education Park Development Center(2019-JJFDKY-17)。
文摘Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL(PROSAIL)radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion.However,the presence of leaf-eating pests,such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao(PPC),weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered.Therefore,this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables(LUTs)based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels.Quantitative inversions of leaf area index(LAI),leaf chlorophyll content(LCC),and leaf equivalent water thickness(LEWT)were derived.The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content(CCC)and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness(CEWT)were calculated.The results showed that LAI,CCC,and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress.When applying multiple LUTs,the p-values were<0.01;the R2 values for LAI,CCC,and CEWT were 0.71,0.68,and 0.65 with root mean square error(RMSE)(normalized RMSE,NRMSE)values of 0.38(0.16),17.56μg cm-2(0.20),and 0.02 cm(0.51),respectively.Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model,for October,R2 values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT,respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35μg cm-2 for CCC.The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model,while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels,was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.
文摘The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of silodosin treatments on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from randomized controlled trials. We searched PubMed (1966- December 2011), Embase (1974-December 2011) and the Cochrane Library Database (2011, Issue 12). The assessed outcome measures were the change from baseline for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, peak urine maximum flow rate (Qmax), QoL related to urinary symptoms and adverse effects. Two authors independently assessed the study quality and extracted data. All data were analysed using RevMan 5.1. The meta-analysis included four randomized controlled trials with a total of 2504 patients. The study durations were each 12 weeks. At the follow-up end points, the pooled results showed that the change from baseline for the silodosin group was significantly higher than the placebo group for the IPSS, QoL score and Qmax(mean difference (MD)=-2.78, P〈O.O0001; MD=-O.42, P--O.O04; MD= 1.17, P〈O.OOOOl,respectively) and patients felt more satisfied with QoL related to urinary symptoms in the silodosin group than the placebo group. Ejaculation disorder was the most commonly reported adverse effect. The pooled results also showed that the silodosin group was superior to the 0.2 mg tamsulosin group with respect to the IPSS and QoL score (IPSS: MD=- 1.14, P=O.02; QoL score: MD=-0.26, P=O.02) and inferior to the 0.2 mg tamsulosin group with respect to Qmax (MD=-0.85, P=O.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the incidence of ejaculation disorder and dizziness between the silodosin and 0.2 mg tamsulosin groups. The current meta-analysis suggested that silodosin is an effective therapy for LUTS in men with BPH and is not inferior to 0.2 mg tamsulosin.
文摘The Kooh-Shah region located in a Tertiary volcanic-plutonic belt of the Lut Block in eastern Iran comprises several subvolcanic intermediate to acidic intrusive rocks, diorite to syenite in composition, which have intruded into volcanic rocks. The Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks are characterized by enrichment in large ion-lithophile elements (LILE: e.g. Sr, Ba, Rb) and depletion in high field-strength elements (HFSE: e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by moderate LREE enrichment (La/Yb)N=6.01-10.01, medium-heavy REE enrichment, and absence of Eu anomalies. The Kooh-Shah intrusive rocks are metaluminous, shoshonitic with calc-alkaline affinity and high values of magnetic susceptibility, and classified as the magnetite-series of oxidant I-type granitoids. The age of Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks based on zircon U-Pb age dating is 39.7±0.7 Ma (=Middle Eocene) and the ranges of their initial 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios are from 0.704812 to 0.704920 and 0.512579 to 0.512644, respectively, when recalculated to an age of 39 Ma. The initial ?Nd isotope values for the Kooh-Shah intrusive rocks range from -0.18 to 1.09. This geochemical data indicates that the Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks formed from depleted mantle in an island arc setting. The geochemical signature of the studied granitoid rocks represents a characteristic guide for future exploration of copper-gold porphyry-type deposits in the Lut block.
文摘Given special tectonic and climatic conditions, Iran has the most diverse land-forms and beautiful geological phenomena, which could attract many scientific, adventurous tourists and geological researchers. The present study aims at studying and introducing wonderful geomorphological attractions and numerous geotourism potentials of very hot paradise of the earth, e.g. Dasht-e Lut of Iran, a desert which contains a collection of exclusive desert relieves and geological and geomorphological records of the world. Such unique perspectives as the biggest Nebkhas of the world, the largest Yardangs or Kaluts of the world, the hottest point of the earth, as well as rare species of desert structures such as salt marshes and salt polygons, Gandom Beryan Hill, massive sand dunes, Barchans, clay zones in pretty shapes, saline river , etc., present a vast and diverse extension of geographical beauties and phenomena of the desert. Using library studies, interpretation of satellite images and field studies, this study has been conducted. The results of the studies show that Lut Desert has considerable capability for carrying out complementary studies as well as effect on economic development process in national and international levels. In addition, geotourism development obstacles in Lut Desert are identified, and such solutions as development of ways for access to attractions, erection of geotourism development centers, advertisement and introduction of the desert's attractions, dispatch of guides with tourists, promotion of the region security, extension of accommodations and… for better use of the potentials of the desert, are provided. Furthermore, towards developing the region geotourism, some other fun and exciting activities such as sand skiing, racings and desert rallies, endurance cycling, sun bath, star observation, camel riding and so on, are suggested. Obviously, having various desert attractions and multiple geotourism potentials, Dasht-e Lut has the capability of being considered among global geoparks of UNESCO.
基金The Research Foundation of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, supported this study (Project No. 22731.3)
文摘The Khur metallogenic district is located in a volcanic-plutonic belt in the central Lut Block(central eastern Iran). Mineralization occurs in Middle Eocene andesitic tuff and along four main vein systems trending northwest-southeast(Shurk, Mir-e-Khash, Shikasteh Sabz and Ghar-e-Kaftar veins).Microscopic studies reveal that the veins contain bornite, chalcocite, pyrite, tennantite together with minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite as hypogene minerals and chalcocite, digenite, covellite, valleriite,malachite, azurite, atacamite, hematite, and goethite as supergene minerals. The ore bodies are accompanied by narrow but intensely developed wall rock alterations of argillization, carbonatization and silicification. Copper content reaches 6.5, 2.4, 4.2 and 5% in Mir-e-Khash, Shikasteh Sabz, Ghar-eKaftar and Shurk, respectively. Microthermometric measurements of quartz-and calcite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate that the mineralization might be derived from a moderately saline hydrothermal fluid at temperatures between 175-316℃. Calculated δO values of water in equilibrium with quartz and calcite for Khur veins suggest that the fluid might have had a magmatic source, but theO-depletion was developed through mixing with meteoric water. Copper deposition in Khur veins is believed to have been largely caused by mixing, although wall rock reactions may also have occurred. The Khur veins are classified as volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal-related vein deposits.
文摘This brief proposes an area and speed efficient implementation of symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter using reduced parallel look-up table (LUT) distributed arithmetic (DA) based approach. The complexity lying in the realization of FIR filter is dominated by the multiplier structure. This complexity grows further with filter order, which results in increased area, power, and reduced speed of operation. The speed of operation is improved over multiply-accumulate approach using multiplier less conventional DA based design and decomposed DA based design. Both the structure requires B clock cycles to get the filter output for the input width of B, which limits the speed of DA structure. This limitation is addressed using parallel LUTs, called high speed DA FIR, at the expense of additional hardware cost. With large number of taps, the number of LUTs and its size also becomes large. In the proposed method, by exploiting coefficient symmetry property, the number of LUTs in the decomposed DA form is reduced by a factor of about 2. This proposed approach is applied in high speed DA based FIR design, to obtain area and speed efficient structure. The proposed design offers around 40% less area and 53.98% less slice-delay product (SDP) than the high throughput DA based structure when it’s implemented over Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA device-XC5VSX95T-1FF1136 for 16-tap symmetric FIR filter. The proposed design on the same FPGA device, supports up to 607 MHz input sampling frequency, and offers 60.5% more speed and 67.71% less SDP than the systolic DA based design.
文摘Barchan dunes are among the most common accumulative phenomena made by wind erosion,which are usually formed in regions where the prevailing wind direction is almost constant throughout the year and there is not enough sand to completely cover the land surface.Barchans are among the most common windy landscapes in Pashoueyeh Erg in the west of Lut Desert,Iran.This study aims to elaborate on morphological properties of barchans in this region using mathematical and statistical models.The results of these methods are very important in investigating barchan shapes and identifying their behavior.Barchan shapes were mathematically modeled by simulating them in the coordinate system through nonlinear parabolic equations,so that two separate equations were calculated for barchan windward and slip-face parabolas.The type and intensity of relationships between barchan morphology and mathematical parameters were determined by the statistical modeling.The results indicated that the existing relationships followed the power correlation with the maximum coefficient of determination and minimum error of estimate.Combining the above two methods is a powerful basis for stimulating barchans in virtual and laboratory environments.The most important result of this study is to convert the mathematical and statistical models of barchan morphology to each other.Focal length is one of the most important parameters of barchan parabolas,suggesting different states of barchans in comparison with each other.As the barchan's focal length decreases,its opening becomes narrower,and the divergence of the barchan's horns reduces.Barchans with longer focal length have greater width,dimensions,and volume.In general,identifying and estimating the morphometric and planar parameters of barchans is effective in how they move,how much they move,and how they behave in the environment.These cases play an important role in the management of desert areas.