The Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit(GRS)gGmbH as the main technical support organization for the German Federal Government in nuclear safety has been dealing with small modular reactors(SMRs)for ab...The Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit(GRS)gGmbH as the main technical support organization for the German Federal Government in nuclear safety has been dealing with small modular reactors(SMRs)for about one decade since SMRs are one interesting option for new builds in most countries worldwide which continue to use nuclear energy for commercial electricity production.Currently four different SMR designs are in operation,four in construction,one is licensed,and further 12 are in a licensing process.In this paper,definitions,history,and current developments of SMRs are presented.Subsequently,selected trends of SMR development such as factory fabrication and transport,compactness and modularity,core design,improved core cooling,exclusion of accidents,features for preventing and limiting the impact of severe accidents,economic viability,competitiveness and licensing are discussed.Modeling gaps of the GRS simulation chain programs with a view to applications in nuclear licensing procedures are identified and a strategy for closing these gaps is presented.Finally,selected work on the extension and improvement of the simulation chain and first generic test analyses are presented.展开更多
As the world faces increasing energy demands and concerns about climate change,nuclear power is experiencing a resurgence as a viable and sustainable energy source.This article explores the strategic initiatives conce...As the world faces increasing energy demands and concerns about climate change,nuclear power is experiencing a resurgence as a viable and sustainable energy source.This article explores the strategic initiatives concerning the advancement of nuclear technologies,highlighting the prompt adoption of SMRs(small modular reactors),the ongoing advancements in Generation IV reactors in the medium term,and the long-term aspirations linked to nuclear fusion.SMRs offer enhanced safety,economic viability,and flexible deployment alternatives,making them an attractive solution for meeting pressing energy demands.In the medium term,Generation IV reactors are anticipated to improve efficiency,sustainability,and safety,effectively tackling the challenges associated with conventional fission reactors.However,significant challenges lie ahead,including public perception,regulatory hurdles,financial barriers,and the need for a skilled workforce.By addressing these challenges,nuclear power can play a pivotal role in creating a sustainable and reliable energy future,contributing significantly to global efforts in climate change mitigation.展开更多
基金the works and results of the following research projects RS1521,RS1561,RS1574,RS1576,RS1577,RS1578,RS1579 and RS1589 which are funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy(BMWi)on the basis of decisions of the German Bundestag。
文摘The Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit(GRS)gGmbH as the main technical support organization for the German Federal Government in nuclear safety has been dealing with small modular reactors(SMRs)for about one decade since SMRs are one interesting option for new builds in most countries worldwide which continue to use nuclear energy for commercial electricity production.Currently four different SMR designs are in operation,four in construction,one is licensed,and further 12 are in a licensing process.In this paper,definitions,history,and current developments of SMRs are presented.Subsequently,selected trends of SMR development such as factory fabrication and transport,compactness and modularity,core design,improved core cooling,exclusion of accidents,features for preventing and limiting the impact of severe accidents,economic viability,competitiveness and licensing are discussed.Modeling gaps of the GRS simulation chain programs with a view to applications in nuclear licensing procedures are identified and a strategy for closing these gaps is presented.Finally,selected work on the extension and improvement of the simulation chain and first generic test analyses are presented.
文摘As the world faces increasing energy demands and concerns about climate change,nuclear power is experiencing a resurgence as a viable and sustainable energy source.This article explores the strategic initiatives concerning the advancement of nuclear technologies,highlighting the prompt adoption of SMRs(small modular reactors),the ongoing advancements in Generation IV reactors in the medium term,and the long-term aspirations linked to nuclear fusion.SMRs offer enhanced safety,economic viability,and flexible deployment alternatives,making them an attractive solution for meeting pressing energy demands.In the medium term,Generation IV reactors are anticipated to improve efficiency,sustainability,and safety,effectively tackling the challenges associated with conventional fission reactors.However,significant challenges lie ahead,including public perception,regulatory hurdles,financial barriers,and the need for a skilled workforce.By addressing these challenges,nuclear power can play a pivotal role in creating a sustainable and reliable energy future,contributing significantly to global efforts in climate change mitigation.
