Uniform deposition of ultra-thin TiO_(2) film on mica substrate by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition: Effect of precursor concentration

The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.

Spatial Inhomogeneity of Atmospheric CO_(2) Concentration and Its Uncertainty in CMIP6 Earth System Models

This paper provides a systematic evaluation of the ability of 12 Earth System Models(ESMs)participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)to simulate the spatial inhomogeneity of the atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration.The multi-model ensemble mean(MME)can reasonably simulate the increasing trend of CO_(2) concentration from 1850 to 2014,compared with the observation data from the Scripps CO_(2) Program and CMIP6 prescribed data,and improves upon the CMIP5 MME CO_(2) concentration(which is overestimated after 1950).The growth rate of CO_(2) concentration in the northern hemisphere(NH)is higher than that in the southern hemisphere(SH),with the highest growth rate in the mid-latitudes of the NH.The MME can also reasonably simulate the seasonal amplitude of CO_(2) concentration,which is larger in the NH than in the SH and grows in amplitude after the 1950s(especially in the NH).Although the results of the MME are reasonable,there is a large spread among ESMs,and the difference between the ESMs increases with time.The MME results show that regions with relatively large CO_(2) concentrations(such as northern Russia,eastern China,Southeast Asia,the eastern United States,northern South America,and southern Africa)have greater seasonal variability and also exhibit a larger inter-model spread.Compared with CMIP5,the CMIP6 MME simulates an average spatial distribution of CO_(2) concentration that is much closer to the site observations,but the CMIP6-inter-model spread is larger.The inter-model differences of the annual means and seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration are both attributed to the differences in natural sources and sinks of CO_(2) between the simulations.

1979-2022年北极海冰变化及影响因素分析

海冰是海洋-大气交互系统的重要组成部分,是全球气候变化的指示器。深入分析海冰演变规律,探索全球气候变化与海冰范围之间的关联,对应对和减缓全球气候变化具有重要的理论意义。本文以北极海冰为研究对象,深入分析了1979-2022年北极海冰范围的季节、年际和年代际变化特征,并构建向量自回归模型(Vector AutoRegressive Model,VAR)检验全球平均气温、大气CO_(2)浓度与北极海冰范围之间的因果关系,并分析影响程度。结果表明:(1)北极海冰范围季节变化特征明显,一般在3月达到最大,9月达到最小,这主要与太阳辐射的年变化周期相关;(2)1979-2022年,北极海冰范围总体呈减小趋势,年变化量为5.3万km^(2);(3)北极海冰范围在年代际尺度上逐渐减小,2000-2009年,北极海冰范围较上一个十年减小最多(减少67万km^(2));(4)全球平均气温和大气CO_(2)浓度均对北极海冰范围变化造成了显著影响;(5)全球平均气温和大气CO_(2)浓度与北极海冰范围均有显著负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.92和-0.95。

基于改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型的SO_(2)排放质量浓度预测

针对火电机组SO_(2)排放质量浓度的影响因素众多,难以准确预测的问题,提出一种改进向量加权平均(weighted mean of vectors,INFO)算法与双向长短期记忆(bi-directional long short term memory,Bi-LSTM)神经网络相结合的预测模型(改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型)。采用Circle混沌映射和反向学习产生高质量初始化种群,引入自适应t分布提升INFO算法跳出局部最优解和全局搜索的能力。选取改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型和多种预测模型对炉内外联合脱硫过程中4种典型工况下的SO_(2)排放质量浓度进行预测,将预测结果进行验证对比。结果表明:改进INFO算法的寻优能力得到提升,并且改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型精度更高,更加适用于SO_(2)排放质量浓度的预测,可为变工况下的脱硫控制提供控制理论支撑。

Effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization in high myopia mice

AIM:To evaluate effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in high myopia mice.METHODS:The C57BL/6J mice were deprived of the right eye for 4wk,and the high myopia was diagnosed by optometry,the diopter was less than-6.00 D,and CNV was induced by 532 nm laser.The changes of dopamine D1 receptor(DRD1),dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)were detected by Western blot technology at 0.5,1,2h,and 7d after 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.1%atropine eye drops,respectively,the area of CNV was measured.RESULTS:Significant increases were observed on the expression of DRD2 in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).Significant decreases were observed on the expression of DRD1 and VEGFA in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).The area of CNV induced by laser in the drug-treated group was significantly smaller than that in the control group,and the higher the concentration,the more significant the inhibitory effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The 0.01%,0.05%,0.1%atropine eye drops can decrease the level of VEGFA and inhibit high myopia CNV indirectly by up-regulating the level of DRD2 and down-regulating the level of DRD1,and the effect of 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops is more significant.

An assessment of arctic sea ice concentration retrieval based on “HY-2” scanning radiometer data using field observations during CHINARE-2012 and other satellite instruments

A retrieval algorithm of arctic sea ice concentration （SIC） based on the brightness temperature data of “HY-2” scanning microwave radiometer has been constructed. The tie points of the brightness temperature were selected based on the statistical analysis of a polarization gradient ratio and a spectral gradient ratio over open water （OW）, first-year ice （FYI）, and multiyear ice （MYI） in arctic. The thresholds from two weather filters were used to reduce atmospheric effects over the open ocean. SIC retrievals from the “HY-2” radiom-eter data for idealized OW, FYI, and MYI agreed well with theoretical values. The 2012 annual SIC was calcu-lated and compared with two reference operational products from the National Snow and Ice Data Center （NSIDC） and the University of Bremen. The total ice-covered area yielded by the “HY-2” SIC was consistent with the results from the reference products. The assessment of SIC with the aerial photography from the fifth Chinese national arctic research expedition （CHINARE） and six synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images from the National Ice Service was carried out. The “HY-2” SIC product was 16% higher than the values de-rived from the aerial photography in the central arctic. The root-mean-square （RMS） values of SIC between “HY-2” and SAR were comparable with those between the reference products and SAR, varying from 8.57% to 12.34%. The “HY-2” SIC is a promising product that can be used for operational services.

Effects of elevated CO_2 concentration and nitrogen supply on biomass and active carbon of freshwater marsh after two growing seasons in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

An experiments were carried out with treatments differing in nitrogen supply （0, 5 and 15 g N/m^2） and CO2 levels （350 and 700 μmol/mol） using OTC （open top chamber） equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO2 concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6% during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground biomass due to CO2 elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses of biomass to enhanced CO2 concentrations are differed in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were greater under high level of N supply （15 g N/m^2）. Elevated CO2 concentration also increased the allocation of biomass and carbon in root. Under elevated CO2 concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon （10.6%） 〉 dissolved organic carbon （7.5%） 〉 labile oxidable carbon （6.6%） 〉 carbohydrate carbon （4.1%）. Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO2 concentration.

Relationship of Intracellular Free Ca^(2+) Concentration and Calcium-activated Chloride Channels of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats under Hypoxic Conditions

To investigate the relationship between intracellular free Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋ ]i ） and calcium-activated chloride （Clca） channels of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells （PASMCs） in rats under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions, acute hypoxia-induced contraction was observed in rat pulmonary artery by using routine blood vascular perfusion in vitro. The fluorescence Ca^2＋ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca^2＋ ]i of rat PASMCs under normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The effect of Clca channels on PASMCs proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The Clca channel blockers niflumic acid （NFA） and indaryloxyacetic acid （IAA-94） exerted inhibitory effects on acute hypoxia-evoked contractions in the pulmonary artery. Under chronic hypoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ ]i was increased. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ If was （123.634-18.98） nmol/ L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca^2＋]i wag （281. 754-16.48） nmol/L （P〈0. 01）. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ ]i showed no significant change and no effect on Clca channels was observed （P〉 0. 05）. Chronic hypoxia increased [Ca^2＋ ]i which opened Clca channels. The NFA and IAA-94 blocked the channels and decreased [Ca^2＋ ]i from （281.75± 16.48） nmot/L to （117.66 ±15.36） nmol/L （P〈0.01）. MTT assay showed that under chronic hypoxic condition NFA and IAA-94 decreased the value of absorbency （A value） from 0. 459±0. 058 to 0. 224±0. 025 （P〈0. 01）. Hypoxia increased [Ca^2＋ ]i which opened Cl~ channels and had a positive-feedback in [Ca^2＋ ]i. This may play an important role in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Under chronic hypoxic condition, Clca channel may play a part in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs.

Anneal and Concentration Effect on PL Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Eu^(3+) Doped SiO_2 Glass

Eu3+ doped SiO2 nano-crystalline glasses were prepared by sol-gel method. The broad peak of XRD pattern indicates an amorphous SiO2 matrix. The affection of anneal time and anneal temperatures on photoluminescence (PL) properties of SiO2 glass under different Eu doping concentration were studied systematically. It is found that the optimized anneal time is about 3 h. The excitation spectra of 2% Eu3+ doped SiO2 glass powder were measured under various anneal temperatures, and the optimized anneal temperature is observed around 700℃. The fluorescence-quenching effect can be observed in the emission spectra when the annealing temperature exceeds 700℃. The emission spectra of different molar ratio dopants were measured at an annealed temperature of 500℃, and the concentration-quenching phenomenon has also been observed in SiO2 glass powder when the molar ratio of Eu3+ ion exceeds 3% . The result shows that the PL intensity approaches its maximum when the molar ratio of Eu3+ ions in the sample is about 3% . In addition, a comparatively stronger emission spectrum at wavelength of 703 nm which is corresponding to the energy transition 5D0→7F4 of Eu ions is also obtained.

不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚组培特性的影响

【目的】探究不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚组培特性的影响。【方法】以Bowman、北青7号和光头大麦的成熟胚为材料,研究不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚愈伤诱导率、长根率、长芽率、褐化率、绿化率、再分化率和愈伤湿质量的影响。【结果】Bowman、北青7号和光头大麦成熟胚的7种组培特性间存在不同程度差异。与对照相比,0.75 mg/L Cu^(2+)可减少10.43%的成熟胚长根、7.48%的成熟胚长芽、8.24%的愈伤组织褐化、20.74 mg的愈伤湿质量;4.00 mg/L Ag^(+)可提高6.47%的愈伤组织诱导率,可减少9.08%的成熟胚长根、7.96%的成熟胚长芽和9.67%的愈伤褐化;0.75 mg/L Cu^(2+)和4.00 mg/L Ag^(+)对愈伤细胞转绿、愈伤增殖和再分化均无抑制。【结论】适宜质量浓度的Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)可有效抑制大麦成熟胚长根、长芽和愈伤组织褐化,Ag+还可有效提高愈伤诱导率;在基于MS培养基的大麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和再分化培养中,Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)的适宜质量浓度分别为0.75和4.00 mg/L。研究结果可为构建大麦成熟胚的愈伤诱导及其再分化技术体系提供理论支持。

LiTFSI salt concentration effect to digest lithium polysulfides for high-loading sulfur electrodes

Sulfur utilization improvement and control of dissolved lithium polysulfide(LiPS;Li_(2)S x,2<x≤8)are cru-cial aspects of the development of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,especially in high-loading sulfur elec-trodes and low electrolyte/sulfur(E/S)ratios.The sluggish reaction in the low E/S ratio induces poor LiPS solubility and unstable Li_(2)S electrodeposition,resulting in limited sulfur utilization,especially under high-loading sulfur electrode.In this study,we report on salt concentration effects that improve sulfur utilization with a high-loading cathode(6 mgs ulfurcm^(-2)),a high sulfur content(80 wt%)and a low E/S ratio(5 m L gs ulfur^(-1)).On the basis of the rapid LiPS dissolving in a low concentration electrolyte,we estab-lished that the quantity of Li_(2)S electrodeposition from a high Li+diffusion coefficient,referring to the reduction of LiPS precipitation,was significantly enhanced by a faster kinetic.These results demonstrate the importance of kinetic factors for the rate capability and cycle life stability of Li-S battery electrolytes through high Li_(2)S deposition under high-loading sulfur electrode.

大气CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH4排放的影响

为探究大气CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH_(4)排放的影响,基于CO_(2)浓度自动调控平台开展水稻试验,以“南粳9108”为试验品种,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定CH_(4)通量。在背景大气CO_(2)浓度(CK)的基础上,设置CO_(2)浓度缓增(C_(1)处理,从2016年开始逐年增加40μmol·mol^(-1),至2018年增加120μmol·mol^(-1))和骤增(C_(2)处理,CO_(2)浓度每年均增加200μmol·mol^(-1))处理;在常规施氮量(N 1处理,25 g·m^(-2))的基础上设置氮肥减施处理(N_(2)处理,15 g·m^(-2))。结果表明,CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮量均没有改变稻田CH_(4)通量的季节变化规律,总体上呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在整个生育期,CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增对稻田单位产量CH_(4)排放量无显著影响。在C_(2)条件下,与N 1处理相比,N_(2)处理水稻产量显著降低45.2%(P=0.037),同时稻田单位产量CH_(4)排放量显著增加63.3%(P=0.008)。综上所述,随着CO_(2)浓度升高,氮肥减施至15 g·m^(-2)会减少水稻产量,同时增加稻田单位产量CH_(4)排放。

Recent progress of green sorbents-based technologies for low concentration CO_(2) capture

The increased concentration of CO_(2) due to continuous breathing and no discharge of human beings in the manned closed space,like spacecraft and submarines,can be a threat to health and safety.Effective removal of low concentration CO_(2) from the manned closed space is essential to meet the requirements of long-term space or deep-sea exploration,which is an international frontier and trend.Ionic liquids(ILs),as a widespread and green solvent,already showed its excellent performance on CO_(2) capture and absorption,indicating its potential application in low concentration CO_(2) capture.In this review,we first summarized the current methods and strategies for direct capture from low concentration CO_(2) in both the atmosphere and manned closed spaces.Then,the multi-scale simulation methods of CO_(2) capture by ionic liquids are described in detail,including screening ionic liquids by COSMO-RS methods,capture mechanism by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation,and absorption process by computational fluid dynamics simulation.Lastly,some typical IL-based green technologies for low concentration CO_(2) capture,such as functionalized ILs,co-solvent systems with ILs,and supported materials based on ILs,are introduced,and analyzed the subtle possibility in manned closed spaces.Finally,we look forward to the technology and development of low concentration CO_(2) capture,which can meet the needs of human survival in closed space and proposed that supported materials with ionic liquids have great advantages and infinite possibilities in the vital area.

Individualized Design of the Ventilator Mask based on the Residual Concentration of CO2

OSAHS(Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome)is a respiratory disease mainly characterized by limited and repeated pauses of breathing in sleep.Currently,the optimal treatment is to apply CPAP(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)ventilation on the upper airway of the patient through a household respiratory machine.However,if the ventilator mask is designed improperly,it might cause the residue and repeated inhalation of CO2,which will exert an adverse impact on the therapeutic effect.Present research numerically analyzed the CO2 transportation inside a commercial ventilator mask(Mirage SoftGel,ResMed,Australia)based on the reconstructed 3D numerical model of a volunteer's face and performed the improved design of the ventilator mask in terms of the CO2 residual concentration below the nostrils.The fluid dynamic analyses showed that at the end time of expiratory,the CO2 residual concentration below the nostrils is close to 4%.To improve the therapeutic effect,we changed the position of the exhaust holes and found that by moving the exhaust holes to the bottom of the ventilator mask,the CO2 residual concentration below the nostrils would be reduced to no more than 1%.This study established a near physiological computational model and provided a new method for the individualized design of the commercial ventilator mask.

大气CO_(2)浓度升高背景下优化施氮对淹水稻田CH4排放的影响

为探讨未来气候变化条件下,合理管理氮肥以充分协调水稻产量与温室气体排放量之间的矛盾,实现低碳排放并保持水稻产量,本研究探讨了大气CO_(2)浓度升高120μmol·mol^(-1)与氮肥减施40%对淹水稻田水稻生产及CH4排放的影响及机理。利用开顶式气室(OTC)组成的CO_(2)浓度自动调控平台设置4个处理,即环境CO_(2)浓度+施氮250 kg·hm^(-2)(CK)、大气CO_(2)浓度升高120μmol·mol^(-1)+施氮250 kg·hm^(-2)(C+)、环境CO_(2)浓度+施氮150 kg·hm^(-2)(N-)、大气CO_(2)浓度升高120μmol·mol^(-1)+施氮150 kg·hm^(-2)(C+N-),分析了稻田CH4累积排放量(CAC)、水稻生物量及产量、土壤理化性质及酶活性等指标。结果表明:与CK处理相比,C+处理使CAC/产量显著提高了16.93%,N-处理使CAC/产量显著降低了13.33%,C+N-处理使CAC/产量降低了7.89%,但不显著;N-处理在一定程度上削弱了C+处理对CAC、CAC/产量、水稻生物量、土壤可溶性有机碳含量的促进作用;逐步回归分析表明,基于可溶性有机碳和硝态氮含量及土壤脲酶活性的线性模型,可解释稻田CH4累积排放64%的变异。综上,在大气CO_(2)浓度升高条件下,氮肥减施可通过影响土壤碳、氮基质及土壤脲酶活性来调节稻田CH4排放。

外源Ca^(2+)对金线莲组培苗生长发育的影响

以金线莲组培苗为试验材料,研究添加不同浓度(0、1.5、3、6、9 mmol/L)Ca^(2+)对金线莲组培苗的气孔细胞、农艺性状、酶活性的影响。结果表明,在1.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+)环境下培养的金线莲叶片宽大、植株也相对健壮,总体长势较好,生理生化指标体现该浓度下的金线莲各类代谢活动较为旺盛,各种关键酶的活性也比较高,抗逆性能较优,6 mmol/L Ca^(2+)环境下培养的金线莲叶片较小且幼嫩,但植株丛芽多而健壮。因此,1.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+)是相对适宜金线莲组培苗生长发育的钙环境,而6 mmol/L Ca^(2+)是相对适宜金线莲长芽扩繁的钙环境。

GBAVTII探测西安上空夜气辉反演O_(2)(0-1)柱浓度及其波动的研究

探测高层大气的粒子浓度具有重要的科学意义.本文利用安装在中国西安城区(海拔457m, 34.23°N,109.01°E)的自制地基气辉成像干涉仪GBAVTII(Ground-based atmosphere VER&temperature imaging interferometer)对峰值高度在94 km处的867.7 nm O_(2)(0-1)夜气辉长期定点观测,反演得到O_(2)(0-1)的柱浓度,并根据大气温度及O_(2)(0-1)粒子柱浓度的扰动提取得到大气重力波、行星波周期.本文首先阐述了地基GBAVTII探测气辉的原理,并从气辉辐射理论及地基探测模式导出气辉强度表达式,建立地基仪器探测得到的气辉的积分体发射率IER(Integrated Emission Rate)与大气中O_(2)(0-1)柱浓度的关系,然后利用2019年以来的多日观测数据,得到西安地区上空O_(2)(0-1)粒子的柱浓度量级为10~4cm^(-2);经对比发现2020年9月17日GBAVTII探测O_(2)(0-1)柱浓度结果与NRLMSISE-00模型数据的相对误差在0.5%~30%.我们从GBAVTII整夜拍摄气辉成像干涉图中反演出西安上空90~100 km的大气温度和O_(2)(0-1)柱浓度及扰动特征,得到周期在8~10 h左右的潮汐波,去掉潮汐趋势的温度和柱浓度残差序列,利用小波分析提取得到周期为2.3 h的重力波.最后我们利用2022年4月21日—2022年5月6日期间的O_(2)(0-1)柱浓度探测序列得到日平均柱浓度并提取准2日的行星波周期.GBAVTII所探测得到大气波动的周期尺度与其他已有中纬度地区的探测结果相吻合.

基于激光吸收光谱的CO/CO_(2)/H_(2)S浓度同步在线测量研究

CO、CO_(2)、H_(2)S是燃煤锅炉炉内气氛重要组成部分,其浓度不仅能够反映燃烧工况,还可作为水冷壁高温腐蚀程度判断依据,因此实现CO、CO_(2)、H_(2)S浓度的准确测量意义重大。首先采用波长调制-直接吸收(WM-DAS)方法结合约40 m长光程Herriott池,在室温低压下,开展不同CO/CO_(2)浓度配比下三种气体吸收率同步测量实验,结果表明三种气体的吸收率测量值与理论计算值相近,相对误差在6.82%以内,测量结果可靠性较高;然后对不同浓度CO/CO_(2)(0~2000μL·L^(-1))、H_(2)S(0~20μL·L^(-1))进行动态测量,结果表明,测量系统对三种组分浓度变化的响应具有较好的线性度。

CO_(2)浓度缓增对冬小麦田N_(2)O排放的影响

为研究CO_(2)浓度缓增对冬小麦田N_(2)O排放的影响,利用由开顶式气室(OTC)组成的CO_(2)浓度自动调控平台,扬麦22号为供试材料开展田间试验。将大气CO_(2)浓度作为对照(CK),设置CO_(2)浓度缓增处理C_(80)(CO_(2)浓度缓慢增加80μmol/mol)和C_(120)(CO_(2)浓度缓慢增加120μmol/mol)。结果表明,CO_(2)浓度缓增处理没有改变小麦田N_(2)O排放通量的季节性变化特征。在2017-2018年冬小麦生长季,CK、C_(80)处理土壤N_(2)O累积排放量分别为(25.49±3.33) mg/m^(2)、(26.83±3.21) mg/m^(2);2018-2019年冬小麦生长季,CK、C_(120)处理土壤N_(2)O累积排放量分别为(113.06±2.66) mg/m^(2)、(121.20±9.28) mg/m^(2)。在2017-2018年冬小麦生长季,CK、C_(80)处理土壤-冬小麦系统N_(2)O累积排放量分别为(25.99±1.39) mg/m^(2)、(29.83±4.20) mg/m^(2)。各生育期土壤N_(2)O累积排放量与冬小麦地上部分生物量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤-冬小麦系统N_(2)O累积排放量与冬小麦地上部分生物量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。

Seasonal dynamics and impact factors of urban forest CO2 concentration in Harbin,China

CO2 concentrations in different plant communities （larch, birch, lilac, and grassland） were measured during the growing season in the Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden to study diurnal variation, seasonal and annual dynamics and factors that impact CO2 concentration in different spaces. CO2 concentration in different communities in green lands had an obvious diurnal variation, chronically decreasing, and temperature influenced the lilac area and the grassland. Seasonally, CO2 was lowest in the larch green land （344.03 ±23.03 μmol/mol） and highest in the grassland （360.13 ± 22.43 μmol/mol）. The overall trend in CO2 concentration was autumn 〉 spring 〉 summer; temperature is the main factor controlling variation in CO2 concentrations during the growing season; the CO2 concentration at the larch, birch, lilac, and grassland types of sites was negatively correlated with land surface temperature and air temperature, and the CO2 concentration at the larch and birch sites was positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. Without any obvious annual change law, further study and observation are needed.