GAS6-AS1调节miR-370-3p/SPATA2轴对卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡和EMT的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA GAS6反义RNA1(long non-coding RNA GAS6 antisense RNA1, lncRNA GAS6-AS1)调节miR-370-3p/精子发生相关蛋白2 (spermatogenesis-associated protein 2, SPATA2)轴对卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡和上皮间质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transformation, EMT)的影响。方法:qRT-PCR、Western blot分别检测癌旁组织、卵巢癌组织、人正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80及卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910、SKOV3、A2780中GAS6-AS1、miR-370-3p及SPATA2蛋白表达。将SKOV3细胞分为:对照组(NC组)、 si-NC组、si-GAS6-AS1组、mimic NC组、miR-370-3p mimic组、si-GAS6-AS1+inhibitor NC组、si-GAS6-AS1+miR-370-3p inhibitor组,qRT-PCR检测细胞中GAS6-AS1、miR-370-3p表达;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;划痕愈合实验检测细胞迁移;Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭;Western blot检测SPATA2、细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X,Bax)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、神经钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)表达;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测GAS6-AS1与miR-370-3p、 miR-370-3p与SPATA2的关系。结果:在卵巢癌组织和细胞中GAS6-AS1、SPATA2蛋白高表达,miR-370-3p低表达,且在SKOV3细胞中GAS6-AS1、SPATA2蛋白表达量最高,miR-370-3p表达水平最低,因此,选择SKOV3细胞为后续研究对象。与NC组、si-NC组比较,si-GAS6-AS1组GAS6-AS1、OD450值(24 h、48 h、72 h)、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、SPATA2、CyclinD1、Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白表达降低,miR-370-3p表达、细胞凋亡率、Bax、E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与NC组、mimic NC组比较,miR-370-3p mimic组OD450值(24 h、48 h、72 h)、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、SPATA2、CyclinD1、Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白表达降低,miR-370-3p表达、细胞凋亡率、Bax、E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);miR-370-3p inhibitor减弱了沉默GAS6-AS1对SKOV3细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及EMT的抑制及对细胞凋亡的促进作用。GAS6-AS1与miR-370-3p、miR-370-3p与SPATA2存在靶向调控关系。结论:沉默GAS6-AS1通过上调miR-370-3p来抑制SPATA2表达,从而抑制SKOV3细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及EMT,并促进细胞凋亡。

LncRNA GAS5通过miR-182-5p/FOXF2轴对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的探讨长链非编码RNA生长停滞特异性转录本5(LncRNA GAS5)调节微小RNA-182-5p(miR-182-5p)/叉头盒蛋白F2(FOXF2)对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的影响。方法收集45例确诊为OSCC的癌组织以及癌旁组织,体外培养人口腔上皮细胞系HOEC及人OSCC细胞系CAL-27、HSC-3、SCC-25,qRT-PCR检测组织、细胞中LncRNA GAS5、miR-182-5p、FOXF2的表达;择细胞株CAL-27分为ctrl组、pcDNA组、pcDNA-GAS5组、pcDNA-GAS5+miR-NC组及pcDNA-GAS5+miR-182-5p mimics组,采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞增殖活性,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Western Blot检测癌细胞中FOXF2、bax、Bcl-2、cleaved caspase-3及E-cadherin蛋白表达,双萤光素酶报告实验验证miR-182-5p与LncRNA GAS5、FOXF2的关系。结果与癌旁组织相比,OSCC组织中LncRNA GAS5、FOXF2 mRNA表达降低,miR-182-5p表达升高(P<0.05);CAL-27、HSC-3、SCC-25细胞与HOEC相比,LncRNA GAS5、miR-182-5p、FOXF2表达趋势与OSCC组织内一致,且在CAL-27表达最明显,选择其作为后续实验的细胞株;与ctrl组、pcDNA组比较,pcDNA-GAS5组CAL-27细胞中GAS5、FOXF2 mRNA、细胞凋亡率及BAX、E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),miR-182-5p表达、细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭数及Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);上调miR-182-5p可减弱过表达LncRNA GAS5对CAL-27细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用,也可抑制癌细胞凋亡;LncRNA GAS5靶向负调控miR-182-5p表达,miR-182-5p靶向负调控FOXF2表达。结论上调GAS5可能通过抑制miR-182-5p来增加FOXF2表达,进而抑制CAL-27细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,促进CAL-27细胞的凋亡。

Effects of acid-rock reaction on physical properties during CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas(CO_(2)-rich IWG)injection in shale reservoirs

"Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"is an essential national strategy,and the geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)is a hot issue today.However,due to the scarcity of pure CO_(2)gas sources in China and the high cost of CO_(2)capture,CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas(CO_(2)-rich IWG)is gradually emerging into the public's gaze.CO_(2)has good adsorption properties on shale surfaces,but acidic gases can react with shale,so the mechanism of the CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale reaction and the change in reservoir properties will determine the stability of geological storage.Therefore,based on the mineral composition of the Longmaxi Formation shale,this study constructs a thermodynamic equilibrium model of water-rock reactions and simulates the regularity of reactions between CO_(2)-rich IWG and shale minerals.The results indicate that CO_(2)consumed 12%after reaction,and impurity gases in the CO_(2)-rich IWG can be dissolved entirely,thus demonstrating the feasibility of treating IWG through water-rock reactions.Since IWG inhibits the dissolution of CO_(2),the optimal composition of CO_(2)-rich IWG is 95%CO_(2)and 5%IWG when CO_(2)geological storage is the main goal.In contrast,when the main goal is the geological storage of total CO_(2)-rich IWG or impurity gas,the optimal CO_(2)-rich IWG composition is 50%CO_(2)and 50%IWG.In the CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale reaction,temperature has less influence on the water-rock reaction,while pressure is the most important parameter.SO2 has the greatest impact on water-rock reaction in gas.For minerals,clay minerals such as illite and montmorillonite had a significant effect on water-rock reaction.The overall reaction is dominated by precipitation and the volume of the rock skeleton has increased by 0.74 cm3,resulting in a decrease in shale porosity,which enhances the stability of CO_(2)geological storage to some extent.During the reaction between CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale at simulated temperatures and pressures,precipitation is the main reaction,and shale porosity decreases.However,as the reservoir water content increases,the reaction will first dissolve and then precipitate before dissolving again.When the water content is less than 0.0005 kg or greater than 0.4 kg,it will lead to an increase in reservoir porosity,which ultimately reduces the long-term geological storage stability of CO_(2)-rich IWG.

Numerical Simulation of Asphaltene Precipitation and Deposition during Natural Gas and CO_(2) Injection

Asphaltene deposition is a significant problem during gas injection processes,as it can block the porous medium,the wellbore,and the involved facilities,significantly impacting reservoir productivity and ultimate oil recovery.Only a few studies have investigated the numerical modeling of this potential effect in porous media.This study focuses on asphaltene deposition due to natural gas and CO_(2) injection.Predictions of the effect of gas injection on asphaltene deposition behavior have been made using a 3D numerical simulation model.The results indicate that the injection of natural gas exacerbates asphaltene deposition,leading to a significant reduction in permeability near the injection well and throughout the reservoir.This reduction in permeability strongly affects the ability of gas toflow through the reservoir,resulting in an improvement of the displacement front.The displacement effi-ciency of the injection gas process increases by up to 1.40%when gas is injected at 5500 psi,compared to the scenario where the asphaltene model is not considered.CO_(2) injection leads to a miscible process with crude oil,extracting light and intermediate components,which intensifies asphaltene precipitation and increases the viscosity of the remaining crude oil,ultimately reducing the recovery rate.

Fine quantitative characterization of high-H2S gas reservoirs under the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption

In order to clarify the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption to high-H2S gas reservoirs,three types of natural cores with typical carbonate pore structures were selected for high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement experiments.Fine quantitative characterization of the cores in three steady states(original,after sulfur injection,and after gas flooding)was carried out using the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)transverse relaxation time spectrum and imaging,X-ray computer tomography(CT)of full-diameter cores,basic physical property testing,and field emission scanning electron microscopy imaging.The loss of pore volume caused by sulfur deposition and adsorption mainly comes from the medium and large pores with sizes bigger than 1000μm.Liquid sulfur has a stronger adsorption and deposition ability in smaller pore spaces,and causes greater damage to reservoirs with poor original pore structures.The pore structure of the three types of carbonate reservoirs shows multiple fractal characteristics.The worse the pore structure,the greater the change of internal pore distribution caused by liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption,and the stronger the heterogeneity.Liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption change the pore size distribution,pore connectivity,and heterogeneity of the rock,which further changes the physical properties of the reservoir.After sulfur injection and gas flooding,the permeability of TypeⅠreservoirs with good physical properties decreased by 16%,and that of TypesⅡandⅢreservoirs with poor physical properties decreased by 90%or more,suggesting an extremely high damage.This indicates that the worse the initial physical properties,the greater the damage of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption.Liquid sulfur is adsorbed and deposited in different types of pore space in the forms of flocculence,cobweb,or retinitis,causing different changes in the pore structure and physical property of the reservoir.

Study of the reaction mechanism for preparing powdered activated coke with SO_(2)adsorption capability via one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere

In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized.Results indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this stage.This stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of particles.This stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material.Besides,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third stage.Mastering the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.

3D and 2D topographic correction to estimated geothermal gradient from the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Andaman Forearc Basin

Methane gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs)are imaged based on the in-line and cross-line multi-channel seismic(MCS)data from the Andaman Forearc Basin.The depth of the BSR depends on pressure and temperature and pore water salinity.With these assumptions,the BSR depth can be used to estimate the geothermal gradient(GTG)based on the availability of in-situ temperature measurements.This calculation is done assuming a 1D conductive model based on available in-situ temperature measurement at site NGHP-01-17 in the study area.However,in the presence of seafloor topography,the conductive temperature field in the subsurface is affected by lateral refraction of heat,which focuses heat in topographic lows and away from topographic highs.The 1D estimate of GTG in the Andaman Forearc Basin has been validated by drilling results from the NGHP-01 expedition.2D analytic modeling to estimate the effects of topography is performed earlier along selected seismic profiles in the study area.The study extended to estimate the effect of topography in 3D using a numerical model.The corrected GTG data allow us to determine GTG values free of topographic effect.The difference between the estimated GTG and values corrected for the 3D topographic effect varies up to~5℃/km.These conclude that the topographic correction is relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the 1D model and that apparent GTG determined with the 1D model captures the major features,although the correction is needed prior to interpreting subtle features of the derived GTG maps.

GAS2增强CXCR4蛋白稳定性并促进T-ALL细胞的生长

目的研究生长抑制特异蛋白GAS2(growth arrest-specific 2)在急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia,T-ALL)细胞体内外生长和迁移中的功能,并初探其作用机制。方法(1)以MOLT-4细胞为模型,研究过表达GAS2对这些细胞的生长、集落生成、迁移和体内成白血病能力的影响;(2)利用RT-qPCR、Western blot和流式细胞术研究GAS2对CXCR4表达的影响;(3)在过表达GAS2的MOLT-4细胞中沉默CXCR4,研究CXCR4在GAS2促进T-ALL细胞生长功能中的作用。结果(1)过表达GAS2显著增强MOLT-4细胞的生长、集落生成和迁移能力;(2)过表达GAS2增强MOLT-4细胞在免疫缺陷小鼠体内的成白血病的能力;(3)GAS2增强CXCR4的蛋白表达、细胞膜表达和稳定性,但不影响它的mRNA表达;(4)CXCR4沉默能逆转过表达GAS2所导致的MOLT-4细胞生长增快。结论GAS2可部分通过增强CXCR4的蛋白稳定性而促进T-ALL细胞的生长。该研究增进了对T-ALL分子致病机制的认知,有望为疾病治疗提供新思路。

Binder Effect on Properties of Cr_(2)O_(3)-bearing Corundum-based Refractory Castables

Cr_(2)O_(3)-bearing castables bonded with reactive MgO(RM)or calcium aluminate cement(CAC)were studied to evaluate the binder effect on their performance in corrosive environments.The properties of the as-prepared castables were compared with respect to the differences in phase composition and microstructure.The corrosion behavior of the as-prepared castables by CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-Fe_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-based slag was systematically compared viarefractory cup testing at 1600℃with respect to the differences in phase composition and microstructure.The analysis indicates that RM bonded castables show higher apparent porosity,lower bulk density and strengths after drying at 110℃and firing at 1300℃,and higher permanent linear change after firing at 1300℃,but better slag corrosion and infiltration resistance compared with CAC bonded castables.

Effect of B2O3 addition on oxidation induration and reduction swelling behavior of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets with simulated coke oven gas

The oxidation induration and reduction swelling behavior of the chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets (CVTP) with B2O3 addition were investigated. Besides, the reduction swelling index (RSI) and compressive strength (CS) of the reduced CVTP were also examined using the simulated coke oven gas (COG). The results suggested that the CS of CVTP was increased from 2448 to 3819.2 N, while the porosity of CVTP was decreased from 14.86% to 10.03% with the increase in B2O3 addition amounts. Moreover, the B2O3 mainly existed in the forms of TiB0.024O2 and Fe3BO5 in both CVTP and the reduced CVTP. Specifically, the CS of the reduced CVTP was elevated from 901 to 956.2 N, while the RSI was reduced from 5.87% to 3.81% as the B2O3 addition amounts were increased. Taken together, B2O3 addition would facilitate the aggregation and diffusion of metallic iron particles, which contributed to reducing the formation of metal iron whiskers and weakening the reduction swelling behavior.

Laminae characteristics of gas-bearing shale fine-grained sediment of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Well Wuxi 2 in Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on various test data, the composition, texture, structure and lamina types of gas-bearing shale were determined based on Well Wuxi 2 of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin. Four types of lamina, namely organic-rich lamina, organic-bearing lamina, clay lamina and silty lamina, are developed in the Longmaxi Formation of Well Wuxi 2, and they form 2 kinds of lamina set and 5 kinds of beds. Because of increasing supply of terrigenous clasts and enhancing hydrodynamics and associated oxygen levels, the contents of TOC and brittle mineral reduce and content of clay mineral increases gradually as the depth becomes shallow. Organic-rich lamina, organic-rich + organic-bearing lamina set and organic-rich bed dominate the small layers 1-3 of Member 1 of the Longmaxi Formation, suggesting anoxic and weak hydraulic depositional setting. Organic-rich lamina, along with organic-bearing lamina and silty lamina, appear in small layer 4, suggesting increased oxygenated and hydraulic level. Small layers 1-3 are the best interval and drilling target of shale gas exploration and development.

Gas channeling control with an in-situ smart surfactant gel during water-alternating-CO_(2) enhanced oil recovery

Undesirable gas channeling always occurs along the high-permeability layers in heterogeneous oil reservoirs during water-alternating-CO_(2)(WAG)flooding,and conventional polymer gels used for blocking the“channeling”paths usually suffer from either low injectivity or poor gelation control.Herein,we for the first time developed an in-situ high-pressure CO_(2)-triggered gel system based on a smart surfactant,N-erucamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine(UC22AMPM),which was introduced into the aqueous slugs to control gas channeling inWAG processes.The water-like,low-viscosity UC22AMPM brine solution can be thickened by high-pressure CO_(2) owing to the formation of wormlike micelles(WLMs),as well as their growth and shear-induced structure buildup under shear flow.The thickening power can be further potentiated by the generation of denser WLMs resulting from either surfactant concentration augmentation or a certain range of heating,and can be impaired via pressurization above the critical pressure of CO_(2) because of its soaring solvent power.Core flooding tests using heterogeneous cores demonstrated that gas channeling was alleviated by plugging of high-capacity channels due to the in-situ gelation of UC22AMPM slugs upon their reaction with the pre-or post-injected CO_(2) slugs under shear flow,thereupon driving chase fluids into unrecovered low-permeability areas and producing an 8.0% higher oil recovery factor than the conventional WAG mode.This smart surfactant enabled high injectivity and satisfactory gelation control,attributable to low initial viscosity and the combined properties of one component and CO_(2)-triggered gelation,respectively.This work could provide a guide towards designing gels for reducing CO_(2) spillover and reinforcing the CO_(2) sequestration effect during CO_(2) enhanced oil recovery processes.

Are Ni/and Ni5Fe1/biochar catalysts suitable for synthetic natural gas production?A comparison with g-Al2O3 supported catalysts

Among challenges implicit in the transition to the post-fossil fuel energetic model,the finite amount of resources available for the technological implementation of CO_(2) revalorizing processes arises as a central issue.The development of fully renewable catalytic systems with easier metal recovery strategies would promote the viability and sustainability of synthetic natural gas production circular routes.Taking Ni and NiFe catalysts supported over g-Al_(2)O_(3) oxide as reference materials,this work evaluates the potentiality of Ni and NiFe supported biochar catalysts for CO_(2) methanation.The development of competitive biochar catalysts was found dependent on the creation of basic sites on the catalyst surface.Displaying lower Turn Over Frequencies than Ni/Al catalyst,the absence of basic sites achieved over Ni/C catalyst was related to the depleted catalyst performances.For NiFe catalysts,analogous Ni_(5)Fe_(1) alloys were constituted over both alumina and biochar supports.The highest specific activity of the catalyst series,exhibited by the NiFe/C catalyst,was related to the development of surface basic sites along with weaker NiFe-C interactions,which resulted in increased Ni0:NiO surface populations under reaction conditions.In summary,the present work establishes biochar supports as a competitive material to consider within the future low-carbon energetic panorama.

Simultaneous removal of NO and SO_2 from dry gas stream using non-thermal plasma

In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously, the removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream （NO/SO2/N2/O2） with very little O2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge. Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O2 concentration of 0.1%. The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream. It seems that SO2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream. The mechanism of removal of NO and SO2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.

Investigation on Promising Additives for Simultaneous Oxidation of NO and SO_2 in Flue Gas by Numerical Simulation

Mechanism analysis on simultaneous oxidation of NO and SO2 with additives was presented and numerical simulation was developed to investigate the performances of three additives on oxidation of NO and SO2. The simulation result showed that reaction temperature, residence time, additive dose and NO concentration influence the oxidation process significantly. There exists an optimum reaction condition for each additive, n-C4H10 has the strongest ability to oxidize NO and SO2.

Achieving highly-efficient H2S gas sensor by flower-like SnO_(2)–SnO/porous GaN heterojunction

A flower-like SnO_(2)–SnO/porous Ga N(FSS/PGaN) heterojunction was fabricated for the first time via a facile spraying process, and the whole process also involved hydrothermal preparation of FSS and electrochemical wet etching of GaN,and SnO_(2)–SnO composites with p–n junctions were loaded onto PGaN surface directly applied to H_(2)S sensor. Meanwhile,the excellent transport capability of heterojunction between FSS and PGaN facilitates electron transfer, that is, a response time as short as 65 s and a release time up to 27 s can be achieved merely at 150℃ under 50 ppm H_(2)S concentration, which has laid a reasonable theoretical and experimental foundation for the subsequent PGaN-based heterojunction gas sensor.The lowering working temperature and high sensitivity(23.5 at 200 ppm H2S) are attributed to the structure of PGaN itself and the heterojunction between SnO_(2)–SnO and PGaN. In addition, the as-obtained sensor showed ultra-high test stability.The simple design strategy of FSS/PGaN-based H_(2)S sensor highlights its potential in various applications.

Investigation of influence factors on CO_(2) flowback characteristics and optimization of flowback parameters during CO_(2) dry fracturing in tight gas reservoirs

CO_(2) dry fracturing is a promising alternative method to water fracturing in tight gas reservoirs,especially in water-scarce areas such as the Loess Plateau.The CO_(2) flowback efficiency is a critical factor that affects the final gas production effect.However,there have been few studies focusing on the flowback characteristics after CO_(2) dry fracturing.In this study,an extensive core-to-field scale study was conducted to investigate CO_(2) flowback characteristics and CH_(4) production behavior.Firstly,to investigate the impact of core properties and production conditions on CO_(2) flowback,a series of laboratory experiments at the core scale were conducted.Then,the key factors affecting the flowback were analyzed using the grey correlation method based on field data.Finally,taking the construction parameters of Well S60 as an example,a dual-permeability model was used to characterize the different seepage fields in the matrix and fracture for tight gas reservoirs.The production parameters after CO_(2) dry fracturing were then optimized.Experimental results demonstrate that CO_(2) dry fracturing is more effective than slickwater fracturing,with a 9.2%increase in CH_(4) recovery.The increase in core permeability plays a positive role in improving CH_(4) production and CO_(2) flowback.The soaking process is mainly affected by CO_(2) diffusion,and the soaking time should be controlled within 12 h.Increasing the flowback pressure gradient results in a significant increase in both CH_(4) recovery and CO_(2) flowback efficiency.While,an increase in CO_(2) injection is not conducive to CH_(4) production and CO_(2) flowback.Based on the experimental and field data,the important factors affecting flowback and production were comprehensively and effectively discussed.The results show that permeability is the most important factor,followed by porosity and effective thickness.Considering flowback efficiency and the influence of proppant reflux,the injection volume should be the minimum volume that meets the requirements for generating fractures.The soaking time should be short which is 1 day in this study,and the optimal bottom hole flowback pressure should be set at 10 MPa.This study aims to improve the understanding of CO_(2) dry fracturing in tight gas reservoirs and provide valuable insights for optimizing the process parameters.

Simulation of dilatancy-controlled gas migration processes in saturated bentonite using a coupled multiphase flow and elastoplastic H2 M model

Dilatancy-controlled gas flow in preferential pathways plays a key role in the safety analysis of radioactive waste repositories.This is particularly the case for bentonite,an often-preferred barrier material.Gas flow in preferential pathways is characterized by localization and spontaneous behavior,which is challenging to simulate in numerical models due to strong hydro-mechanical coupling.To analyze a laboratory experiment in the framework of the DECOVALEX-2023 project,this study introduced a new approach of combining continuous modelling methods with spatial material properties derived from material heterogeneities and experimental observations.The proposed model utilized hydro-mechanical spatial distributions,namely Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure,and elastoplasticity combined with a linear swelling model.A conceptual strain-dependent permeability approach simulated dilatancycontrolled gas flow based on hydro-mechanical coupling.To test the effectiveness of the presented approach,a gas injection test in a compacted,saturated bentonite sample was simulated using the opensource code OpenGeoSys 5.8 and compared with experimental observations.The presented methodology is capable of simulating localized gas flow in preferential pathways.The spatial distributions of Young’s modulus and gas entry pressure affect the swelling pressure,relative permeability and,in combination with the strain-dependent permeability model,also the intrinsic permeability.

转录因子AP2A对肾病相关基因Gas6的调控研究

目的:探究肾脏病相关生长抑制特异性基因6(growth arrest specific 6,Gas6)与肾脏疾病、凋亡的相关关系。研究转录因子AP-2a(transcription factor AP-2 alpha,TFAP2A)对基因Gas6的影响及其机制。方法:构建阿霉素肾病细胞模型,检测该模型中Gas6的表达变化;用Gas6蛋白刺激MPC5细胞,检测肾病相关指标的表达变化。用Gas6蛋白干预HEK-293T细胞,检测细胞凋亡率或凋亡相关指标的表达变化。构建Gas6启动子片段的萤光素酶基因报告重组质粒,检测Gas6基因启动子片段在HEK-293T细胞中的活性,预测Gas6启动子区的功能性转录因子结合位点并验证,在HEK-293T细胞中敲低或过表达TFAP2A后检测Gas6启动子片段活性、mRNA表达、蛋白表达的变化。结果:Gas6在阿霉素肾病细胞模型中高表达,且过量的Gas6可诱导MPC5细胞中肾病相关指标Nephrin和Podocin与阿霉素肾病细胞模型趋势相同。与对照组相比,Gas6蛋白组的细胞凋亡明显减少。成功构建有活性的Gas6基因启动子片段萤光素酶基因报告重组质粒,且在此片段内含有TFAP2A的结合位点。TFAP2A可在启动子、mRNA及蛋白水平对Gas6正向调控。结论:Gas6对肾病综合征的发生有促进作用,Gas6在HEK-293T细胞中有抗凋亡作用,TFAP2A对Gas6有正向转录调控作用。

Effects of CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas on components and properties of tight oil during CO_(2) utilization and storage: Physical experiment and composition numerical simulation

An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.