Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products

The Indonesian Throughflow(ITF), which connects the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, plays important roles in the inter-ocean water exchange and regional or even global climate variability. The Makassar Strait is the main inflow passage of the ITF, carrying about 77% of the total ITF volume transport. In this study, we analyze the simulated ITF in the Makassar Strait in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3(SODA3) datasets. A total of nine ensemble members of the SODA3 datasets, of which are driven by different surface forcings and bulk formulas, and with or without data assimilation, are used in this study. The annual mean water transports(i.e.,volume, heat and freshwater) are related to the combination of surface forcing and bulk formula, as well as whether data assimilation is employed. The phases of the seasonal and interannual variability in water transports cross the Makassar Strait, are basically consistent with each other among the SODA3 ensemble members. The interannual variability in Makassar Strait volume and heat transports are significantly correlated with El Ni?oSouthern Oscillation(ENSO) at time lags of-6 to 7 months. There is no statistically significant correlation between the freshwater transport and the ENSO. The Makassar Strait water transports are not significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD), which may attribute to model deficiency in simulating the propagation of semiannual Kelvin waves from the Indian Ocean to the Makassar Strait.

Strength Model of Soda Residue Soil Considering Consolidation Stress and Structural Influence

Soda residue(SR)is a type of industrial waste produced in the soda process with the ammonia-soda method.Applying SR to backfilling solves the land occupation and environmental pollution problems in coastal areas and saves material costs for foundation engineering.The strength characteristics of soda residue soil(SRS)under different consolidation conditions are the key points to be solved in the engineering application of SRS.Triaxial compression tests were performed on the undisturbed SRS of Tianjin Port.The shear properties of SRS under different consolidation conditions were then discussed.Meanwhile,a structural strength model(SSM)based on Mohr-Coulomb theory was proposed.SSM reflects the influence of soil structure on undrained strength(Cu)and divides the Cu into the following two parts:friction strength(C_(uf))and original structural strength(C_(u0)).C_(uf)characterizes the magnitude of friction between soil particles,which is related to the consolidation stress.Meanwhile,C_(u0)represents the structural effect on soil strength,which is related to the soil deposition and consolidation processes.SSM was validated by the test data of undisturbed soils.Results reveal that the undisturbed soil generally had a certain C_(u0).Therefore,the SRS strength model was established by combining the experimental law of SRS with SSM.Error analysis shows that the SRS strength model can effectively predict the Cu of undisturbed SRS in Tianjin Port under different consolidation conditions.

Consolidation Mechanism of Chloride Ion in Soda Residue from Ammonia Soda Process Method

Soda residue-magnesium oxychloride cement is prepared with soda residue from ammonia soda process method,magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate as main raw materials,and its consolidation mechanism of chloride ion is studied.The results show that the hydration products of soda residue-magnesium oxychloride cement are mainly 5-phase,gypsum and brucite,which exist in the matrix in needle rod shape,long plate shape and hexagonal plate shape,respectively.When the molar ratio of MgO/MgCl_(2) is 8:1,the concentration of MgSO_(4) is 29%,and the mass ratio of soda residue:magnesium oxide:magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 45.8:36.4:17.8.The chloride ion consolidation effect of the sample is the best,and the chloride ion consolidation content of the 7 d sample is about 93%.The chloride ion consolidation content of the 28 d sample is about 96%.

Evaluation of the Arctic Sea-Ice Simulation on SODA3 Datasets

This study evaluates the Arctic sea-ice simulation of the SODA3 dataset driven by different atmospheric forcing fields and explores the errors of the Arctic sea-ice simulation caused by the forcing field.We find that the SODA3 data driven by different forcing fields represent a significant systematical error in the simulation of Arctic sea-ice concentration,showing a low concentration of thick ice and a high concentration of thin ice.In terms of sea-ice extent,the SODA3 data from different versions well characterize the interannual variability and declining trend in the observed data,but they overestimate the overall Arctic sea-ice extent,which is related to excessive simulation of ice in the sea-ice margin.Compared to observations,all the chosen SODA3 reanalysis versions driven by different atmospheric forcing generally tend to underestimate the Arctic sea-ice thickness,especially for thick ice in the multi-year sea-ice regions.Inaccurate simulations of Arctic sea-ice transport may partly explain the error in SODA3 sea-ice thickness in multi-year sea-ice areas.The results of different SDOA3 versions differ greatly in the Beaufort Sea,the Fram Strait,and the Central Arctic Sea.The difference in sea-ice thickness among different SODA3 versions is primarily due to the thermodynamic contribution,which may come from the diversity of atmospheric forcing fields.Our work provides a reference for using SODA3 data to study Arctic sea ice.

Variation of soda content in fine alumina trihydrate by seeded precipitation

High soda content in fine alumina trihydrate（ATH） limits its application and increases the soda consumption. The variation of soda content in the fine ATH by seeded precipitation was determined by detection of electric conductivity of solution, soda content in ATH, measurement of particle size distribution and microscopic analysis. The results show that high concentration of sodium aluminate solution, ground circulative seed, low temperature or fast initial precipitation rate increases the soda content in ATH. Soda mainly exists in lattice soda and less soda in desilication product （DSP） exists in the fine ATH precipitated from sodium aluminate solution with concentration of Al2O3 （ρAl2O3） more than 160 g/L and mass ratio of alumina to silica （μSiO2） of 400, and lattice soda decreases with increasing initial precipitation temperature, aging seed, and low precipitation rate and precipitation time. Results also imply that -＋ 4）Na Al（OH ion-pair influences lattice soda content in ATH on the basis of electric conductivity variation.

麦草Soda-AQ/O_2两段氧碱制浆特性

研究了麦草Soda-AQ/O2两段制浆中Soda-O2段的氧压对制浆特性的影响。氧压提高,纸浆的得率、脱木质素程度和硅含量均提高。与Soda-AQ蒸煮相比,Soda-AQ/O2蒸煮(氧压0.70MPa)后,原料中74%的硅保留在浆料中,纸浆得率提高了3个百分点,脱木质素率达到50%,纸浆具有良好的物理强度性能。纸浆羧基含量随着氧压的提高,先增加而后又降低,但都高于Soda-AQ浆的羧基含量。通过SEM观察Soda-AQ/O2蒸煮后的浆,发现纤维表面有沉淀的硅颗粒,纤维细胞壁表层发生了细纤维化。Soda-AQ/O2蒸煮对纤维形态也有影响,纤维筛分表明,氧压提高,浆中短纤维含量增多,长纤维含量减少。氧压提高后,更多的硅保留在了纸浆中,使黑液中的硅含量大大减少,这将使碱法麦草浆黑液的化学回收和能源利用效率大大提高。

基于SODA数据集的南海海表面盐度分布特征与长期变化趋势分析

盐度是南海物理环境的重要组成部分之一,盐度的变化对南海的水动力环境有重要影响。利用1972-2010年的SODA数据集的5.01 m层月平均数据,分析南海海域海表面盐度的时空分布特征,采用基于最小二乘法的线性拟合分析南海海表面盐度的长期变化趋势。结果表明南海海域的海表面盐度在39 a间90%以上区域均呈现盐度下降趋势,整个海域SSS则以每年0.005 88 psu的速率下降,春季SSS下降速率最大为0.006 4 psu/a,夏季SSS下降速率在四季中最小为0.005 19 psu/a。

Soda-AQ法蔗渣浆压力过氧化氢漂白

进行了SodaAQ法蔗渣浆漂前的硫酸预处理及预处理浆的压力H2O2漂白。结果表明,酸预处理能有效降低未漂浆中的过渡金属离子含量及未漂浆的卡伯值,提高处理浆的白度,为后续的漂白提供有利条件。实验优选出的漂白条件为温度80℃,压力0.9MPa,时间1h,NaOH/Na2SiO3比为2/4,所得漂浆白度为68.6%ISO。再添加少量助剂稳定H2O2,漂浆白度接近80%ISO,漂浆粘度损失显著降低,漂白的选择性及H2O2残余量明显提高。

Soda-AQ法麦草浆OA/QP_o漂白

对麦草Soda-AQ浆的OA/QPo漂白进行了研究。结果表明:Soda-AQ麦草浆在氧脱木素过程中,脱木素率为44.06%,粘度降低率为11.91%;A/Q预处理段的pH值对后续的漂白影响很大,选取A/Q预处理初始pH值在3.0～3.5之间比较合适;A/Q预处理能有效地控制浆中的金属离子分布,当Cu<30mg/kg和Mn<30mg/kg时,对氧漂和过氢化氢漂白有较好的效果,而Fe离子含量的控制相对来说没有那么重要;在压力H2O2漂白中,加压时间40min已经足够,纸浆的白度可达到81.59%ISO,纸浆的粘度为653.0mL/g。

皇竹草KP-AQ与Soda-AQ法蒸煮性能比较

研究并比较了皇竹草Soda-AQ与KP-AQ法蒸煮制浆综合性能,得出了两种蒸煮方法主要蒸煮工艺参数用碱量A、最高温度C、保温时间T、硫化度S与浆料得率Y和卡伯价K间的回归方程。较佳蒸煮条件和结果分别为A17%、C158℃、T20min、Y49.96%、K15.2和A18%、C160℃、T30min、S15%、Y51.54%、K13.9;两种浆CEpH法均能漂至白度>82%ISO;蒸煮、漂白浆料纤维长度分布小于等于100目的>80%～85%;打浆度43、42°SR时,撕裂指数7.5、7.2mN·m2/g,耐破指数3.28、3.10kPa·m2/g,裂断长5.22、5.17km;两种蒸煮方法均较好地适用于皇竹草,但综合前者更优。

Environmental risk for application of ammonia-soda white mud in soils in China

In recent years,some reports,mainly from Chinese research,show that there has been an increasing trend in the use of ammonia-soda residue(ASR)(or called ammonia-soda white mud) as a soil conditioner in farmlands.Up to now,the studies on ASR have focused on its utilization for acid soil amendment in agriculture,but few studies have assessed its environmental risk.ASR contains pollutant elements such as mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu) and fluorine(F) and the purpose of this study was to review research on the environmental impacts of ASR application in agriculture.Observations obtained from 23 research reports indicate that the concentrations of Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl(0-170,0.01-2.8,4.5-200,2000-24700 and 1 600-188 000 mg kg^-1,respectively) in ASR may exceed the limits(≤0.5,≤0.3 and ≤50 mg kg^-1 for Hg,Cd and Cu,respectively) of Chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018 2018) or the refereed critical value(≤800 and ≤200 mg kg^-1 for F and Cl,respectively) based on Chinese research.The concentrations of the elements Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl in the leachate of ASR detected by the extraction tests also exceed the limits(Class IV-V) of the Chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017 2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that ASR without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants should not be used for soil remediation or conditioning of farmlands,to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.

老年人生理性肾虚潜在性血瘀证红细胞SODA与LPO的研究

通过检测160名健康成年人的红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活性(E-SODA)及红细胞脂质过氧化物(E-LPO)值,以探讨老年人生理性肾虚潜在性血瘀证的微观辨证指标,讨论了医学自由基理论与生理性肾虚潜在性血瘀的客观内在联系,为补肾活血法抗衰老及防治老年病提供现代医学理论依据。 1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象:健康成年人共160人,分21～40,41～60,61～79岁三个年龄层次。21～40岁(平均34.3±4岁)60人,男女各30人;41～60岁(平均47.6±6.

老年人帕金森氏病肾虚痰瘀证血液SODA和LPO的研究

国内外的许多研究表明,中枢神经细胞和亚细胞组分受到病理性脂质过氧化损伤是帕金森氏病的重要发病原因之一。我们临床观察发现,老年人帕金森氏病常有肾虚痰瘀证,用补肾化痰活血法治疗可收到一定效果。为了揭示中枢神经过氧化损伤与肾虚痰瘀证的内在联系,采用血液超氧化物歧化酶活性(SODA)

无乳链球菌sodA基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达载体构建

无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)是引起我国南方罗非鱼链球菌病的主要病原之一,SodA是无乳链球菌重要的毒力因子之一。根据链球菌sod A基因保守区设计引物,采用PCR扩增sod A基因部分序列,反向PCR和巢式PCR扩增其侧翼序列,成功获得无乳链球菌sod A基因。无乳链球菌sod A基因序列全长为699 bp,含开放阅读框609 bp,可编码202个氨基酸,演绎的SodA蛋白主要由α螺旋和不规则卷曲构成。BLAST分析表明,该蛋白氨基酸序列与犬链球菌(S.canis)及副乳房链球菌(S.parauberis)相应蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性分别高达80%和79%。将sodA基因克隆至原核表达载体pET28a上成功构建了重组质粒p ET28a-sod A,导入Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),诱导表达的重组蛋白质分子质量约为24 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在于表达菌中。

基于SODA方法的HyMOD模型不确定性分析

为了改进水文建模过程中的不确定性处理,采用一种融合全局优化和数据同化(Simultaneous Optimization and Data Assimilation,SODA)的混合框架,对Hy MOD模型进行了不确定性分析,并与经典SCEM-UA方法进行了比较。SODA方法具有如下特点:(1)具备较高的参数搜索效率和寻优能力;(2)明确考虑包括输入、输出、参数以及模型结构在内的重要不确定性来源。SODA方法在渭河流域的实例应用结果表明:与SCEM-UA方法相比,SODA方法不仅显著提高了预报精度,而且推求出了性质更为优良的预报区间。SODA方法的成功应用,有助于模型概念的改进及对水文系统功能的理解。

金刚石切削Soda-lime玻璃中的刀具磨损及其对工件表面粗糙度的影响

金刚石切削加工光学玻璃时,工件表面粗糙度与刀具磨损直接相关,为研究切削距离递增下的金刚石刀具磨损及其对工件加工表面粗糙度的影响,进行了Soda-lime玻璃金刚石切削的刀具磨损试验,并对刀具磨损形貌、后刀面磨损带的材料成份、工件的表面形貌及粗糙度进行了检测.结果表明:切削距离递增下的金刚石刀具前刀面磨损表现为平滑且均匀的月牙洼磨损,后刀面磨损表现为磨损带逐渐增大,且磨损带内有沿切削方向的微沟槽产生;切削距离未达到150 m时,工件表面粗糙度Rq、Ra及Rmax值始终低于32、25及300 nm,切削距离超过150 m后,工件表面粗糙度显著增大.机械摩擦作用、热化学作用及磨料磨损作用为导致金刚石刀具磨损的主要原因.

Soda-AQ苇浆强化氧漂机理的研究

用X射线衍射法和傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)进行SodaAQ法苇浆的强化氧气漂白机理研究。结果表明,经硫酸预处理,过氧化氢强化氧漂(AOp)及过氧乙酸强化氧漂(APaO)均比常规氧漂能更有效地降解浆中的残留木素,又能较好地保护碳水化合物。X射线衍射法和FTIR法均能很好地反映苇浆纤维素的结晶结构在漂白过程中的变化。所有浆样的纤维素均属纤维素Ⅰ晶态;101面峰与101-面峰重迭;垂直002面的晶粒尺寸略小于棉花纤维素的晶粒。

Soda-AQ法苇浆氧气漂白

进行Ｓｏｄａ－ＡＱ法苇浆氧漂前的硫酸、ＥＤＴＡ预处理试验，氧气漂白及氧漂浆的过氧化氢漂白试验，结果表明：苇浆中过渡金属离子含量高，氧漂前的硫酸预处理是提高苇浆漂白效果的有效措施；ＡＯＰ、ＡＯｐＰ是适合于Ｓｏｄａ－ＡＱ苇浆的短序、全无氯漂白流程。

Soda─AQ麦草浆单氧强化氧漂的研究

进行了Soda—AQ麦草浆单氧强化氧气漂白试验，氧漂浆的H。O。漂白试验以及样品的X一射线衍射研究等。结果表明，在实验条件下，当NaOCI／H。O。比例为l：2时，单氧强化预处理所得浆的硬度降低率、白度、粘度及结晶度均达最佳值；Soda—AQ麦草浆纤维的结晶度较低，（101）面峰和（101）面峰重选，但均呈纤维素1晶态。氧漂前EDTA预处理及氧漂时添加Mg’“，使氧漂浆粘度有所提高，但白度下降。单氧是Soda—AQ麦草浆氧漂的一种有效强化剂。

Oxidative Degradation of Soda Lignin Assisted by Microwave Irradiation

The effects of oxidant dosage,oxidation temperature and time on the degradation of soda lignin by hydrogen peroxide with and without the presence of microwave irradiation were investigated.It is found that the oxidative degradation of lignin includes the cleavage of ether bond inβ-O-4 structure,the partial destruction of aromatic ring,and the re-condensation of the degraded lignin.Compared to the conventionally heated oxidation of lignin,the microwave irradiation efficiently facilitates the degradation of the lignin with high molecular weight and the re-condensation of that with low molecular weight at a low oxidant dosage,low oxidation temperature,or a short oxidation time,which leads to the formation of the degraded lignin with narrower molecular weight distribution and lower molecular weight.Additionally,the lignin degraded in the presence of microwave irradiation has the characteristics of higher content of phenolic hydroxyl group,lower content of methoxyl group,and lower degree of condensation,which enhances the reactivity of lignin.Therefore,the oxidative degradation of lignin assisted by microwave irradiation may be a new pretreatment approach for efficiently utilizing the soda lignin.