Debris Flow Hazard Assessment Using Set Pair Analysis Models:Take Beichuan County as an Example

Assessment of debris flow hazards is important for developing measures to mitigate the loss of life and property and to minimize environmental damage. Two modified uncertainty models, Set Pair Analysis （SPA） and modified Set Pair Analysis （mSPA）, were suggested to assess the regional debris flow hazard. A ease study was conducted in seven towns of the Beichuan county, Sichuan Province, China, to test and compare the application of these two models in debris flow hazard assessment. The results showed that mSPA only can fit for value-variables, but not for non value-variable assessment indexes, Furthermore, as for a given assessment index xi, mSPA only considers two cases, namely, when grade value increases with xi and when grade value decreases with xi. Thus, mSPA can not be used for debris flow hazard assessment but SPA is credible for the assessment because there are no limitations when using SPA model to assess the debris flow hazard. Therefore, in this study SPA is proposed for assessing debris flow hazard.

A hybrid particle swarm optimization approach with neural network and set pair analysis for transmission network planning

Transmission network planning (TNP) is a large-scale, complex, with more non-linear discrete variables and the multi-objective constrained optimization problem. In the optimization process, the line investment, network reliability and the network loss are the main objective of transmission network planning. Combined with set pair analysis (SPA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), neural network (NN), a hybrid particle swarm optimization model was established with neural network and set pair analysis for transmission network planning (HPNS). Firstly, the contact degree of set pair analysis was introduced, the traditional goal set was converted into the collection of the three indicators including the identity degree, difference agree and contrary degree. On this bases, using shi(H), the three objective optimization problem was converted into single objective optimization problem. Secondly, using the fast and efficient search capabilities of PSO, the transmission network planning model based on set pair analysis was optimized. In the process of optimization, by improving the BP neural network constantly training so that the value of the fitness function of PSO becomes smaller in order to obtain the optimization program fitting the three objectives better. Finally, compared HPNS with PSO algorithm and the classic genetic algorithm, HPNS increased about 23% efficiency than THA, raised about 3.7% than PSO and improved about 2.96% than GA.

Entropy-Based Set Pair Analysis Model on Geological Disaster Risk for Military Engineering

Measuring the geological disaster-risked situation, is a typical non-deterministic decision-making issue in disaster pre- vention and emergency response science for military engineering. Based on the given geological disaster risk analysis mechanism, geological disaster risk monitoring matrix was established, and risk characters’ value was obtained by mining the hidden information in the monitoring matrix with Entropy theory;with Identity, Discrepancy, and Contrary of Set Pair Analysis and distance measurement, geological disaster-risked model was erected for military engineering, and the steps were given for measuring geological disaster risk, which determined geological disaster-risked SPA force and order relationship of military engineering. Finally, case showed that model has the feasibility and effectiveness over measuring the geological disaster-risked situation for military engineering.

Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Reservoir Operation Based on Improved Set Pair Analysis

A comprehensive evaluation model based on improved set pair analysis is established. Considering the complexity in decision-making process, the model combines the certainties and uncertainties in the schemes, i.e., identical degree, different degree and opposite degree. The relations among different schemes are studied, and the traditional way of solving uncertainty problem is improved. By using the gray correlation to determine the difference degree, the problem of less evaluation indexes and inapparent linear relationship is solved. The difference between the evaluation parameters is smaller in both the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and fuzzy matter-element method, and the dipartite degree of the evaluation result is unobvious. However, the difference between each integrated connection degree is distinct in the improved set pair analysis. Results show that the proposed method is feasible and it obtains better effects than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy matter-element method.

Ecological and Economic System Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis:A Case Study of Northwest Region,China

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and destruction,especially humans' unreasonable activities,the ecological and economic system(EES) issues of Northwest region in China have attracted more and more attention of the researchers.Aiming at evaluating its ecological and economic system health,a multi-objective evaluation framework called PressureState-Response(PSR) was established to describe the ecological and economic health situations.Meanwhile,an integrative set pair model combining set pair analysis(SPA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP) was proposed to assess the ecological and economic system.Then the EES status of five northwest provinces(Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang) of Northwest region in China was evaluated during 1985 to 2009.The EES development trends of five provinces are obtained.In general,the health values of five provinces showed a rising trend.The health values of five provinces grew rapidly during 1985 to 2000.After 2000,the health values of five provinces still followed the present growth trend,but the growth is relatively smooth.The results show that the method proposed is effective for assessing the health of ecological and economic system.

Decision Support System Based on Set Pair Analysis and Its Application

The paper has made a comparison among some decision models of G-DSS.Based on Set Pair Analysis,it integrates the advantages and shortcomings of decision models of G-DSS and puts forward SP-DSS.Furthermore,the principle of SP-DSS to make decision as well as its application to diagnose sick systems is expounded,and the program flow chart of SP-DSS is presented.

A Research for Regional Contribution Rate of Internal Source and External Source of PM_(2.5) Based on Set Pair Analysis Method

A problem of the air pollution control in China is getting to know a regional contribution rate of internal and external source of PM2.5. In this paper,Set Pair Analysis（ SPA） method is proposed to calculate the contribution rate of PM2.5in Dongguan City. Due to geographic,meteorological factors and the low concentration of air pollutants in Qingxi area,the PM2.5in this place is mainly contributed by the regional transport of air pollutants from other inside areas of Dongguan,and less affected by the outside of Dongguan. So the concentration of PM2.5in Qingxi area can reflect the Dongguan＇s basic background concentration of PM2.5. On the basis of the basic background concentration,firstly the concentration of each pollutant components is divided into the internal part and the mixed part. Secondly using the source apportionment samples of five monitoring sites in Dongguan we can respectively construct a sample set A and an evaluation set B. Thirdly the SPA is operated onto the mixed part in terms of set B.At last the connection degree between the concentration of each pollutant components and external source and internal source will be calculated,that is the contribution rate. The research reveals that the contribution rate of internal source and external source of PM2.5in Dongguan City is 83%and 17% respectively,which roughly met expectations. This method is simple and effective and it can provide a reference for the government taking reduction measures to control PM2.5pollutants emission.

Efficiency Evaluation for the Annual Equipment Maintenance Based on Set Pair Analysis

Most traditional assessment methods, which have complicated mathematic formulas,are difficult for calculation and application in system efficiency evaluation. A new approach to annual equipment maintenance system efficiency assessment,the set pair analysis method( SPAM),has been proposed based on the principle of set pair analysis( SPA). Firstly,the evaluation index system of the annual equipment maintenance is proposed. Secondly,the evaluation model of the annual equipment maintenance efficiency based on the SPAM is built. Then the application processes of the SPAM are introduced. At the end of the paper,a real application example is given. The results of the application indicate that the proposed model is feasible and effective. It can give strong supports to improve the evaluation effect of the unit equipment maintenance support.

Optimal Selection Model of Equipment Design Scheme Based on Set Pair Analysis

Selecting the optimal one from similar schemes is a paramount work in equipment design.In consideration of similarity of schemes and repetition of characteristic indices,the theory of set pair analysis(SPA)is proposed,and then an optimal selection model is established.In order to improve the accuracy and flexibility,the model is modified by the contribution degree.At last,this model has been validated by an example,and the result demonstrates the method is feasible and valuable for practical usage.

A Project Risk Ranking Approach Based on Set Pair Analysis

Set Pair Analysis (SPA) is a new methodology to describe and process system uncertainty. It is different from stochastic or fuzzy methods in reasoning and operation, and it has been applied in many areas recently. In this paper, the application of SPA in risk ranking is presented, which includes review of risk ranking, introduction of Connecting Degree (CD) that is a key role in SPA., Arithmetic and Tendency Grade (TG) of CDs, and a risk ranking approach proposed. Finally a case analysis is presented to illustrate the reasonability of this approach. It is found that this approach is very convenient to operate, while the ranking result is more comprehensible.

Application of Ordinal Set Pair Analysis in Annual Rainfall Prediction of Liao River Basin

[Objective] The research aimed to study the application of ordinal set pair analysis in the annual precipitation prediction of Liao River basin.[Method] The ordinal theory was introduced into the set pair analysis modeling,and the prediction model of set pair analysis was improved.A kind of rainfall prediction model based on the ordinal set pair analysis (OSPA) was put forward.The time sequence of annual rainfall in the hydrological rainfall station of Liao River basin during 1956-2006 was the research objective.The annual rainfall during 1998-2006 was predicted by the model,and the error analysis was given.[Result] In the relative errors of predicted results by ordinal set pair analysis,there were six relative errors within 5%,which occupied 66.7% of the total prediction number.One relative error was during 5%-10%,which occupied 11.1% of the total prediction number.Two relative errors were during 10%-15%,which occupied 22.2% of the total prediction number.All the relative errors were less than 20%,which met the precision requirement of annual rainfall prediction in Forecast Specification of Hydrological Information.[Conclusion] The rainfall prediction based on the ordinal set pair analysis model had high precision,and the prediction result was ideal.It was suitable for the annual rainfall prediction.

Set pair three-way overlapping community discovery algorithm for weighted social internet of things

There are many problems in Social Internet of Things(IoTs),such as complex topology information,different degree of association between nodes and overlapping communities.The idea of set pair information grain computing and clustering is introduced to solve the above problems so as to accurately describe the similarity between nodes and fully explore the multi-community structure.A Set Pair Three-Way Overlapping Community Discovery Algorithm for Weighted Social Internet of Things(WSIoT-SPTOCD)is proposed.In the local network structure,which fully considers the topological information between nodes,the set pair connection degree is used to analyze the identity,difference and reverse of neighbor nodes.The similarity degree of different neighbor nodes is defined from network edge weight and node degree,and the similarity measurement method of set pair between nodes based on the local information structure is proposed.According to the number of nodes'neighbors and the connection degree of adjacent edges,the clustering intensity of nodes is defined,and an improved algorithm for initial value selection of k-means is proposed.The nodes are allocated according to the set pair similarity between nodes and different communities.Three-way community structures composed of a positive domain,boundary domain and negative domain are generated iteratively.Next,the overlapping node set is generated according to the calculation results of community node membership.Finally,experiments are carried out on artificial networks and real networks.The results show that WSIoT-SPTOCD performs well in terms of standardized mutual information,overlapping community modularity and F1.

基于改进SPA-EWM理论的隧道通风竖井掘进风险评估模型

为满足“一次成深大竖井”的高效成井要求,竖井掘进机(shaft boring machine,SBM)应需而生。以竖井掘进机的工程应用为研究背景,分析和辨识了竖井掘进机掘进的风险因素,将竖井施工风险划分成5个等级,并构建了三层级的竖井掘进风险评估指标体系。考虑联系度中同、异、反的取值问题,将集对分析理论(set-pair analysis,SPA)中的联系度赋值方法进行了有效改进,同时结合熵权法(entropy weight method,EWM)计算各风险因素的联系度表达式,建立了一种改进集对分析理论的深地竖井SBM掘进风险评估模型,并对联系度与风险计算值的变化关系进行趋势拟合,从而给出风险水平评估依据。借助该风险评估模型,对沿江高速火山隧道通风竖井进行了施工风险评估及预测,提出了风险偏好不同的工程人员对竖井掘进风险的不同取值方法,结合现场布测结果进一步验证了风险模型的适用性。立足我国SBM工法的初次应用,提出的深地竖井SBM掘进风险评估模型为深大竖井施工起到了一定指导作用,也为今后深地竖井掘进的风险评估研究奠定了一定理论基础。

基于组合赋权和SPA-TOPSIS的煤矿安全投入决策模型

为解决煤矿安全投入结构和决策方案不合理的问题,首先基于安全价值的视角,考虑安全功能与安全产出关系,选取8个评价指标,构建煤炭企业安全投入评价体系;其次采用熵权法与层次分析法(AHP),综合确定指标权重;最后采用集对分析(SPA)理论改进逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS),建立决策模型,用以分析评价某煤矿2012—2022年的决策方案,优选评价方案,并针对实际问题提出改善意见。研究表明:该煤矿企业应更注重安全教育和工业卫生指标的投入;煤矿企业在安全投入决策时应综合考虑安全功能需要与安全产出效益,借鉴最佳投入配置,合理调整未来安全投入决策重点。

基于SPA的涂料企业重大危险源安全风险评价

提出了一种针对涂料企业重大危险源安全风险等级的评价模型,从固有危险因子和危险抵消因子两个方面,构建了重大危险源评价指标体系,采用组合赋权判断各级指标权重,通过集对分析法(SPA)建立联系数函数,求出各指标单项联系数和整体联系数,以此为依据判定重大危险源的安全风险等级。结果表明:此模型可有效地解决评价中存在的重大危险源定量困难的难题,评价结果既能对企业安全状况作出分析,又能对企业未来的安全趋势作出合理的预测,可以为重大危险源的安全监管和事故预防工作提供理论支持。

基于改进SPA的舰船保障性评估

论文构建了舰船保障性评估指标体系,引入评分标度改进属性层次模型(AHM),运用熵权法和MEREC(Method Based on the Removal Effects of Criteria)改进CRITIC赋权法,运用CM-TOPSIS综合主客观权重。结合改进集对分析法,建立了舰船保障性评估模型,并通过实例验证了该模型的合理性和有效性。

基于ANP-SPA的装配式建筑施工安全风险评价

为加强装配式建筑施工的安全管理,有效降低施工过程的安全隐患,提出了用于评价装配式建筑施工安全风险的新方法。基于网络层次分析法(Analytic Network Process,ANP)对指标体系中各指标的权重进行了计算并确定,依据集对分析法(Set Pair Analysis,SPA)构建了装配式建筑施工安全风险评价模型。结合实际案例进行分析与评价,为实现装配式建筑施工安全管理的科学化、规范化提供了借鉴与参考,从而降低事故的发生率。

基于SPA-TOPSIS方法的编组站运输态势表征与评估

伴随铁路大数据、云计算等高新技术的不断发展,以信息技术为支撑推动铁路运输智能化转型成为新的时代课题。为更好地开展编组站调度指挥工作、提高编组站运输生产效率,以编组站作业流程为基础,将编组站运输态势划分为到达、解体、集结、编组、出发5个子系统运输态势及系统之间运输态势,剖析其运输态势要素,建立编组站运输态势表征指标体系,并给出相应数学量化方法;通过熵权法计算表征指标的客观权重;建立基于集对分析(SPA)与理想点法(TOPSIS)相结合的评估方法的编组站运输态势评估模型;通过案例分析验证模型的可行性。结果表明,该方法能合理表征编组站运输态势,与传统TOPSIS方法相比能够更灵敏地反映运输态势变化,从而为编组站的运输组织决策提供参考。

Carrying Capacity and Utilization Potential Analysis of Groundwater Resources in Semiarid District in Heilongjiang Province

Irrigation water became the limiting factor to the persistent improvement of grain production. Based on the data from Gannan County, a semiarid area in the west of Heilongjiang Province, the present situation of the development and utilization of water resources and the suitable water saving irrigation mode were analyzed by using SPA model, which was significant to the efficient and rational utilization of water resources and the improvement of agriculture productivity. The result showed that the model could be applied well to the assessment of development and utilization of water resources and the multi-project optimal selection. Through calculation, it could be found that the utilization of water resources in Gannan County was still in the primary stage, and the integration technology of the optimized water saving irrigation should be combined to support the sustainable development of agriculture in the semiarid area.