On Spanning Wide Diameter of Graphs

A t-container Ct(u,v)is a set of t internally disjoint paths between two distinct vertices u and v in a graph G,i.e.,Ct(u,v)={P_(1),P_(2),···,Pt}.Moreover,if V(P_(1))∪V(P_(2))∪···∪V(Pt)=V(G)then Ct(u,v)is called a spanning t-container,denoted by C_(t)^(sc)(u,v).The length of C_(t)^(sc)(u,v)={P_(1),P_(2),···,Pt}is l(C_(t)^(sc)(u,v))=max{l(P_(i))|1≤i≤t}.A graph G is spanning t-connected if there exists a spanning t-container between any two distinct vertices u and v in G.Assume that u and v are two distinct vertices in a spanning t-connected graph G.Let D_(t)^(sc)(u,v)be the collection of all C_(t)^(sc)(u,v)’s.Define the spanning t-wide distance between u and v in G,d_(t)^(sc)(u,v)=min{l(C_(t)^(sc)(u,v))|C_(t)^(sc)(u,v)∈D_(t)^(sc)(u,v)},and the spanning t-wide diameter of G,D_(t)^(sc)(G)=max{d_(t)^(sc)(u,v)|u,v∈V(G)}.In particular,the spanning wide diameter of G is D_(κ)^(sc)(G),whereκis the connectivity of G.In the paper we provide the upper and lower bounds of the spanning wide diameter of a graph,and show that the bounds are best possible.We also determine the exact values of wide diameters of some well known graphs including Harary graphs and generalized Petersen graphs et al..

基于RoBERTa-Span-Attack的标签指针网络军事命名实体识别

军事领域文本中存在大量军事实体信息,准确识别这些信息是军事文本信息提取和构建军事知识图谱的基础性任务。首先,提出了一种基于RoBERTa预训练模型、跨度和对抗训练的标签指针网络的融合深度模型(RoBERTa-Span-Attack),用于中文军事命名实体识别;然后,采用了一种基于Span的标签指针网络,同时完成实体的起止位置和类别的识别任务;最后,在模型训练过程中加入对抗训练策略,通过添加一些扰动来生成对抗样本进行训练。在军事领域数据集上的实验结果表明:所提出的军事领域命名实体识别模型相较于BERT-CRF、BERT-Softmax和BERT-Span,在识别准确度上具有更优的效果。

基于对span的预判断和多轮分类的实体关系抽取

针对自然语言处理领域中的实体识别和关系抽取任务,提出一种对词元序列(Token Sequence,又称span)进行预测的模型Smrc。模型整体上利用BERT预训练模型作为编码器,另外包含实体预判断(Pej)、实体多轮分类(Emr)和关系多轮分类(Rmr)3个模块。Smrc模型通过Pej模块的初步判断及Emr模块的多轮实体分类来进行实体识别,再利用Rmr模块的多轮关系分类来判断实体对间的关系,进而完成关系抽取任务。在CoNLL04、SciERC和ADE 3个实验数据集上,Smrc模型的实体识别F1值分别达到89.67%,70.62%和89.56%,关系抽取F1值分别达到73.11%,51.03%和79.89%,相较之前在3个数据集上的最佳模型Spert,Smrc模型凭借实体预判断和实体及关系多轮分类,在2个子任务上其F1值分别提高了0.73%,0.29%,0.61%及1.64%,0.19%,1.05%,表明了该模型的有效性及其优势。

基于Span-ASTE的可解释性政府多对象态度识别模型研究

[目的/意义]在政府态度识别研究中,针对没有考虑到新闻文本中可能存在多个评价对象、政府态度识别结果可解释性不强等问题,基于Span-ASTE构建政府态度识别模型,提升态度识别效果。[方法/过程]首先,采用BERT提取词级别特征,基于跨度转化为跨度特征表示;然后,联合方面术语和观点术语提取任务提取评价对象和态度描述语,利用双通道跨度剪枝策略筛选得到对象和态度描述语候选池;最后,结合候选池中的对象和态度描述语计算得到态度极性结果。[结果/结论]以美国国务院新闻文本为实验数据进行实验验证。实验结果表明:Span-ASTE在进行政府态度识别时具有一定优越性。相比于效果较好的对比模型,其精确率、召回率和F1值分别提升了约15.68%、19.37%和17.48%;在进行多对象态度识别时同样具有良好的性能表现;态度描述语可为态度极性的判断提供解释依据。[局限]政府态度识别效果还有待进一步提升,且数据规模较为有限,未来可尝试对数据集进行扩充。

Application of excavation compensation method for enhancing stability and efficiency in shallow large-span rock tunnels

Engineering shallow,large-span rock tunnels challenges deformation control and escalates construction costs.This study investigates the excavation compensation method(ECM)and its associated technologies to address these issues.Utilizing five key technologies,the ECM effectively modulates radial stress post-excavation,redistributes stress in the surrounding rock,and eliminates tensile stress at the excavation face.Pre-tensioning measures further enhance the rock’s residual strength,establishing a new stability equilibrium.Field tests corroborate the method’s effectiveness,demonstrating a crown settlement reduction of 3–8 mm,a nearly 50%decrease compared to conventional construction approaches.Additionally,material consumption and construction duration were reduced by approximately 30%–35%and 1.75 months per 100 m,respectively.Thus,the ECM represents a significant innovation in enhancing the stability and construction efficiency of large-span rock tunnels,marking a novel contribution to the engineering field.

Analyzing the Form-Finding of a Large-Span Transversely Stiffened Suspended Cable System: A Method Considering Construction Processes

The precise control of the shape of transversely stiffened suspended cable systems is crucial. However, existing form-finding methods primarily rely on iterative calculations that treat loads as fixed known conditions. These methods are inefficient and fail to accurately control shape results. In this study, we propose a form-finding method that analyzes the load response of models under different sag and stress levels, taking into account the construction process. To analyze the system, a structural finite element model was established in ANSYS, and geometric nonlinear analysis was conducted using the Newton-Raphson method. The form-finding analysis results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves precise control of shape, with a maximum shape error ranging from 0.33% to 0.98%. Furthermore, the relationships between loads and tension forces are influenced by the deformed shape of the structures, exhibiting significant geometric nonlinear characteristics. Meanwhile, the load response analysis reveals that the stress level of the self-equilibrium state in the transversely stiffened suspended cable system is primarily governed by strength criteria, while shape is predominantly controlled by stiffness criteria. Importantly, by simulating the initial tensioning process as an initial condition, this method solves for a counterweight that satisfies the requirements and achieves a self-equilibrium state with the desired shape. The shape of the self-equilibrium state is precisely controlled by simulating the construction process. Overall, this work presents a new method for analyzing the form-finding process of large-span transversely stiffened suspended cable system, considering the construction process which was often overlooked in previous studies.

EMSS:一种基于Span匹配的中文实体抽取方法

基于Span(跨度)的实体抽取模型目前在英文数据集上取得了优异的效果,且已被证明跨度实体抽取比传统的序列标注实体抽取的效果更好.本文提出了一种基于跨度与拼接的中文命名实体抽取模型(EMSS),EMSS使用端到端的span抽取模型,文本经过BERT预训练模型进行字向量的编码,随后进入span抽取层枚举出所有可能的跨度,并加入跨度边界与跨度长度两种特征向量用于对跨度向量进行计算,最后进入跨度预测层进行实体标签的预测.同时提出了一种基于BIO格式的新标签标注方法,该标注方法不受模型与数据集领域限制,可以在不影响下游任务的情况下提高模型识别准确率.在Weibo、Resume、MSRA、OntoNotes4.0数据集上与当前主流的中文实体抽取模型进行对比实验.实验结果表明,提出的EMSS优于现有主流模型,均取得了7%左右的F1值提升.并将该方法应用到煤矿机电设备领域,解决煤矿机电设备领域的实体识别问题,在自制数据集上的实验证明本文的标注方法,不仅在中文实体上有效,而且对汉字、英文、数字结合的混合类型实体也有明显的效果.

Stability evaluation method of large cross-section tunnel considering modification of thickness-span ratio in mechanized operation

Purpose-This study aims to research the large cross-section tunnel stability evaluation method corrected after considering the thickness-span ratio.Design/methodology/approach-First,taking the Liuyuan Tunnel of Huanggang-Huangmei High-Speed Railway as an example and taking deflection of the third principal stress of the surrounding rock at a vault after tunnel excavation as the criterion,the critical buried depth of the large section tunnel was determined.Then,the strength reduction method was employed to calculate the tunnel safety factor under different rock classes and thickness-span ratios,and mathematical statistics was conducted to identify the relationships of the tunnel safety factor with the thickness-span ratio and the basic quality(BQ)index of the rock for different rock classes.Finally,the influences of thickness-span ratio,groundwater,initial stress of rock and structural attitude factors were considered to obtain the corrected BQ,based on which the stability of a large cross-section tunnel with a depth of more than 100 m during mechanized operation was analyzed.This evaluation method was then applied to Liuyuan Tunnel and Cimushan No.2 Tunnel of Chongqing Urban Expressway for verification.Findings-This study shows that under different rock classes,the tunnel safety factor is a strict power function of the thickness-span ratio,while a linear function of the BQ to some extent.It is more suitable to use the corrected BQ as a quantitative index to evaluate tunnel stability according to the actual conditions of the site.Originality/value-The existing industry standards do not consider the influence of buried depth and span in the evaluation of tunnel stability.The stability evaluation method of large section tunnel considering the correction of overburden span ratio proposed in this paper achieves higher accuracy for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock in a full or large-section mechanized excavation of double line high-speed railway tunnels.

探讨SPAN指数、wSPAN指数和SC评分对急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗患者的临床预后

目的探讨术前年龄和NIHSS两者相结合的指标SPAN指数、wSPAN指数、SC评分对急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者血管内治疗术后临床预后之间的关系。方法连续收集2015年8月—2021年10月就诊于中国3个综合性卒中中心接受血管内治疗的AIS患者889例,以门诊或电话方式随访90天。根据术后90天改良Rankin量表(90 d mRS)评分评估患者预后,分为预后良好组(mRS≤2分)和预后不良组(mRS>2分)。同时记录患者术后症状性颅内出血(sICH)、颅内出血转化的发生率及术后90天死亡率。结果在纳入的889例患者中,预后不良组血管内治疗前的SPAN指数、wSPAN指数、SC评分均显著高于预后良好组(P<0.001)。在调整潜在的混杂因素后,SPAN、wSPAN、SC均与EVT患者90天预后独立相关(SPAN:OR=0.961,95%CI=0.948-0.975、wSPAN:OR=0.968,95%CI=0.959-0.976、SC:OR=0.767,95%CI=0.713-0.826)。SPAN、wSPAN、SC与sICH之间没有统计学差异(P=0.220,P=0.088,P=0.072),而与颅内出血转化风险增加(SPAN:OR=1.03,95%CI=1.02-1.05,P<0.001、wSPAN:OR=1.03,95%CI=1.02-1.03,P<0.001、SC:OR=1.25,95%CI=1.14-1.36,P<0.001)和死亡率(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001)相关。结论术前SPAN指数、wSPAN指数、SC评分与AIS患者血管内治疗90天临床预后、颅内出血转化发生率和高死亡率相关,但与sICH无关。

Brain Functional Network Based on Small-Worldness and Minimum Spanning Tree for Depression Analysis

Since the outbreak and spread of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),the prevalence of mental disorders,such as depression,has continued to increase.To explore the abnormal changes of brain functional connections in patients with depression,this paper proposes a depression analysis method based on brain function network(BFN).To avoid the volume conductor effect,BFN was constructed based on phase lag index(PLI).Then the indicators closely related to depression were selected from weighted BFN based on small-worldness(SW)characteristics and binarization BFN based on the minimum spanning tree(MST).Differences analysis between groups and correlation analysis between these indicators and diagnostic indicators were performed in turn.The resting state electroencephalogram(EEG)data of 24 patients with depression and 29 healthy controls(HC)was used to verify our proposed method.The results showed that compared with HC,the information processing of BFN in patients with depression decreased,and BFN showed a trend of randomization.

基于改进Prefix Span的结构超手册修理方法推荐

针对当前民机结构超手册修理能力提升的迫切需求,提出了一种基于改进Prefix Span的结构超手册修理方法推荐模型。以某型国产民机结构超手册修理案例数据为样本,构建案例特征指标层次并对数据分级和结构化预处理,基于改进Prefix Span算法对案例损伤信息和修理方法频繁序列进行充分挖掘,生成超手册修理关联规则集,通过目标案例和频繁序列间相似度匹配,实现了超手册修理方法的智能推荐。测试结果表明,模型超手册修理方法推荐总准确率可达85.3%,显著高于改进前算法,具备良好的准确性和可用性,可为结构超手册修理决策、方案制定等提供一定的参考依据。

A method for calculating strand tension in the anchor span of a suspension bridge considering the rotation of a splay saddle

This paper reports a method for strand tension in anchor spans considering rotation.A kind of co-moved coordinate system,a saddle local coordinate system,was set up.This system implemented the rotation of the splay saddle through the rotation of the coordinate system,and all calculations proceeded in this coordinate system.Considering the rotation of the anchoring surface by the rotation of the local coordinate system of the anchoring surface,the anchorage point coordinates of strands were transformed to the local sadle coordinate system.There was a two-layer iteration adopted in the calculation.In the inner iteration,the cable force at the end of the vertical bend was taken as the variable,and the ordinate of the anchorage point was taken as the target value.In the outer iteration,the vertical tangential angle at the end of the vertical bend was taken as the variable,and the ordinate of the anchorage point was taken as the target value.The method carried out the rotation of the splay saddle and anchor surface and was simple,convenient and without approximation.The effect of rotation was considered precisely;it showed stability during the process of two-layer iteration,powerful adaptation and higher efficiency and had been successfully applied in the construction control of the Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge,the world's first kilometer-level combined highway and railway suspension bridge.

Span/Tween为混合表面活性剂的微乳体系研究及纳米铁制备

通过对异辛烷/Span80-Tween60/正丁醇、植物油/Span80-Tween60/正丁醇以及植物油/Span85-Tween60/正丁醇3种不同配比体系的研究,结果表明异辛烷/Span80-Tween60/正丁醇微乳体系较适合作微反应器,当体系HLB值为14、乳化剂含量(表面活性剂与油相质量比)为1:2,Co/S(助表面活性剂与复合表面活性剂质量比)为1:2时,可得到理想的微乳液体系.利用该体系可制得粒径可控制在80nm左右的纳米铁粒子.

T-染色和G_n^d图的T-边柞(Edge Span)

给定一个包含0的有限正整数集T,一个简单图G的一个T-染色是定义在G的顶点集V(G)上的一个非负函数f,满足对任意的uv∈E(G)有|f(u)-f(v)| T.一个T-染色f的边柞(edgespan)定义为最大的|f(x)-f(y)|,xy∈E(G),一个图G的边柞(edgespan)是G的所有T-染色中最小的边柞(edgespan).这篇文章研究了当T={0,1,2,…,k-1}时,Gdn图的T-边柞(edgespan),找到了当n≡1(modd)时Gdn图的T-边柞(edgespan)的确切值,和其他情况下的上下界.

Span80-Tween80/液体石蜡/AM-H_2O反相微乳液体系

The reverse microemulsion system of Span 80-Tw ee n 80/liquid paraffin/acrylamide-H 2O was prepared, and the effects of n-b utanol,NaCl,Nc were studied with the conductivity method.The stability of re verse microemulsion was reflected, and the information of its dynamic process wa s obtained by measuring its state changes continuously through testing its elect ronic conductivity by using electrochemistry.The results showed that the Span 80 -Tween 80/liquid paraffin/acrylamide-H 2O system was most stable when the HLB value approached 7.5, and its stability was enhanced when 5.0% (mass) NaCl or 10% (mass) Nc was added into this system.

丙烯酰化Span60合成及性能的研究

用Ｓｐａｎ６０与丙烯酸酯化合成了油溶性可聚合乳化剂丙烯酰化Ｓｐａｎ６０，讨论了溶剂和催化剂对酯化率的影响，用正交试验优选到了最佳原料配比（ｍｏｌ比）为Ｓｐａｎ６０：丙烯酸＝１．１１，反应１５ｈ，酯化率不低于８５％。合成的丙烯酰化Ｓｐａｎ６０熔程为３３．５℃～３５．７℃，羟值７８．３ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇ，溴值为４７．９，它在几种有机溶剂中的溶解度比Ｓｐａｎ６０高１．５倍，乳化力高出６０％；用ＡＩＢＮ引发合成物可发生聚合反应生成淡黄色泡沫状聚合物。

无溶剂体系中Span修饰的猪胰脂酶催化茶油与亚油酸酯交换

在无溶剂体系中以Span20、Span80和Span85修饰的猪胰脂酶（Span20-PPL、Span80-PLL和Span85-PPL）催化茶油与亚油酸进行酯交换，以酯交换量为考察指标，研究Span20、Span80和Span85与猪胰脂酶（PPL）的相互作用对其催化油脂酯交换反应的影响．结果表明：30℃下，相同时间内Span20-PPL、Span80-PPL扣Span85-PPL催化酯交换的交换量与PPL催化酯交换的交换量稍小，24h的酯交换量都在4％～7．5％；50℃下，Span20-PPL、Span80-PPL和Span85-PPL催化酯交换的交换量比PPL催化酯交换的酯交换量高，24h的酯交换量分别为19．9％、22．4％、21．2％和15．6％；70℃下，Span20-PPL、Span80-PPL和Span85-PPL催化酯交换的交换量比PPL催化酯交换的交换量低。24h的酯交换量分剐为23．7％、26．8％、22．3％和31．5％．Span20、Span80和Span85与PPL的相互作用对其催化油脂酯交换结合量的影响与表面活性剂的类型和反应温度有关．

甲烷在柴油+水+Span20乳液体系中溶解度的测定

气体在乳液中的溶解度是决定水合物生成速率快慢的重要因素。为此结合排水法并采用自制加工的高压反应釜测定了在温度范围274．2～282．2K和压力范围0．30～6．40MPa下不同Span20（失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯，简称Span20）浓度及含水率时甲烷在柴油＋水乳液体系中的溶解度，分别考察了温度、压力、含水率及Span20浓度对溶解度的影响。实验结果表明，当含水率为30％（V／V）及Span20浓度为3．0%／4wt）时，甲烷在乳液中的溶解度随压力的增加几乎呈线性增加，在实验范围内溶解度最高达到0．0784（mol．mol-1），而温度对溶解度的影响相对较小：在近水合物生成区域，含水率的增加能显著降低甲烷在乳液体系中的溶解度，而在相同的温度、压力及含水率条件下，溶解度却随Span20浓度的增加而增加，表明Span20能促进甲烷在乳液中的溶解。

乙醇溶液体系中Span修饰猪胰脂酶的研究

在乙醇-水溶液体系中采用Span系列表面活性剂对猪胰脂酶进行了修饰,以其催化酯交换的交换量为指标衡量修饰的效果,并且比较了修饰酶与未修饰酶的热稳定性差异。结果表明:40℃下30min即可完成Span对猪胰脂酶的修饰,但各种表面活性剂修饰的最佳条件并不相同。Span20修饰脂肪酶的最佳条件是水与乙醇的比例为4:1(v/v),Span20用量为25%;Span40修饰猪胰脂酶的最佳条件是水与无水乙醇的比例为2:1(v/v),Span40用量为20%;Span65修饰猪胰脂酶的最佳条件为水与无水乙醇的比例为1:1(v/v),Span65的用量为20%;Span60、Span80和Span85修饰脂肪酶的最佳条件是水与无水乙醇的比例为3:1(v/v),用量均为20%。通过修饰后酶的热稳定性实验可以看出,六种表面活性剂修饰的酶在30～70℃间催化反活性都高于未修饰酶,在40℃下,修饰酶的催化活性基本达到最高,而未修饰酶要70℃才能达到最高催化活性。Span60修饰脂肪酶的效果优于其它五种表面活性剂。

Span系列乳化剂发展综述及其在乳化炸药中的应用

综述了Span系列表面活性剂的国内外研究现状及其在乳化炸药中的应用进展,对Span的合成工艺进行了重点综述,包括合成时的原料选择、催化剂及其浓度的选择、合成温度及时间、反应体系环境及产品的后期处理。对Span的组成、性能、表征及发展趋势也进行了综述。