Preconcentration of copper with multi-walled carbon nanotubes pretreated by potassium permanganate cartridge for solid phase extraction prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A procedure for the preconcentration of copper was described in this paper using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) oxidized by potassium permanganate as the adsorbent for the enrichment of trace copper in water samples. Important parameters, such as the sample pH, the concentration and volume of eluent, sample flow rate and volume, and interference of coexisting ions, were investigated. The obtained results indicated that proposed method possessed an excellent analytical performance. The linear range, the detection limit, and precison (RSD) were 1–100 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.9993), 0.32 ng/mL and 2.88%, respectively. The results showed that copper could be adsorbed quantitatively on the pretreated MWCNTs with potassium permanganate, and proposed method was very useful in the monitoring of copper in the environment.

Determination of Trace Amount of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Sewage by Solid-phase Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

[Method] This study aimed to determine trace amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in urban sewage by using solid-phase extraction(SPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC).[Method] From the aspects of solid-phase extraction column,elution solvent,elution volume,elution speed and so forth,the test conditions of SPE-HPLC method were optimized,and trace amount of PAHs in urban sewage was determined.[Result] The optimized solid-phase extraction conditions were SUPELCLEAN LC-18 solid-phase extraction column,methylene dichloride as elution solvent,15 ml elution volume,2 ml/min elution speed,5 ml/min loading speed,1 000 ml water with 200 ml methanol loading volume.Under the optimized extraction conditions,the recovery was high,namely 76.3%-105.2%;relative standard deviation was 3.8%-6.0%,showing good precision;detection limit was low,only 0.000 8-0.048 0 μg/L.[Conclusion] This method is user-friendly,with high sensitivity and good precision,and suitable for continuous determination of a large volume of water samples.

Determination of Fe, Cu, and Zn in Water Samples by Microcolumn Packed with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid Phase Extraction Adsorbent Using ICP-MS

The heavy metals determination in tap water samples using microcolumn packed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent before to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） has been studied. Standard addition method was applied for the calibration using aqueous solutions. The metals ions absorption were achieved by multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） at pH 8.0, and then these retained metals on MWNTs column were eluted by 1.0 mol.L^-1 HNO3. The analytical parameters for the determination ofFe, Cu, and Zn in tap water samples which have been investigated previously were applied. Fifteen tap water samples were collected from different locations of Riyadh metropolitan area and then determined the concentration ofFe, Cu, and Zn by ICP-MS after preconcentration with MWNTs. The concentration range for Fe, Cu, and Zn measured （μg/L） in water samples are 23.37-137.91, 2.12-121.36, and 14.43-202.47 respectively. The level of Fe exceeded the limits set by WHO and SASO for drinking water.

A highly sensitive SPE-liquid/liquid extraction-RPLC analytical method for the determination of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in cancer patients' urine

A highly sensitive SPE-liquid/liquid extraction RPLC method has been developed for the analysis of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in the urine of cancer patients. Methods： After SPE column purification and liquid-liquid extraction, the sample test solutions were analyzed with RPLC using a C18 analytical column. This improved analytical method has been validated for linearity, accuracy （recovery from urine）, repeatability （within-day and between-day precision）, specificity, sensitivity, and stability. This SPE-liquid/liquid extraction-RPLC is rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible. The technique is particularly useful for monitoring the CYP3A activity of cancer patients in clinical settings. The results are expressed as the ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol. Results： The CYP3A activity from a total of 153 samples was measured using this improved method. Considerable variation in the CYP3A activity of different cancer patients has been documented. Thus, personalized medical treatment based on the individual metabolic enzyme activity level is necessary. Conclusion： This new analytical method facilitates such individualized medical treatments.

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定食品中24种酸性工业染料

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定食品中24种酸性工业染料的分析方法。样品经氨水乙醇溶液(氨水:无水乙醇:水=2:7:1,v/v/v)提取,提取液氮吹浓缩至1 mL,加入10 mL 5%甲醇水溶液,弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱(Agela Cleanert PWAX)富集净化,氮吹复溶后,Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse RRHD C_(18)(3.0 mm×150 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,流动相采用乙腈和10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源负离子进行电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)下测定,外标法定量。结果表明,24种酸性工业染料在20~300 ng/mL范围内,相关系数r均大于0.999;方法检出限为10μg/kg,定量限为25μg/kg;在25、100、250μg/kg三个不同加标水平下的回收率为91.0%~112.7%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.42%~4.39%。采用该方法对市售的豆制品、调味品、水产品、肉制品各40批次进行测定,2批次卤肉样品中检出酸性橙Ⅱ,含量分别为138±2.8μg/kg和179±3.7μg/kg;2批次香肠样品中检出红2G,含量分别为320±8.6μg/kg和230±6.2μg/kg。该方法灵敏、快速、准确,适用于食品中24种酸性工业染料的定性定量测定。

High Purity DNA Extraction with a SPE Microfluidic Chip Using KI as the Binding Salt

Based on solid phase extraction method, a novel silicon-PDMS-glass microchip for high purity DNA extraction has been developed by using KI as the binding salt. The microfluidic chip fabricated by MEMS technology was composed of a silicon substrate with a coiled channel and a compounded PDMS-glass cover. With this microfluidic chip, the wall of the coiled channel was used as solid phase matrix for binding DNA and DNA was extracted by the fluxion of the binding buffer, washing buffer and elution buffer. KI as a substitute for guanidine, was used successfully as binding salt for purification DNA, obtaining higher purity of genomic DNA and about 13.9 ng DNA from 1 μL rat whole blood in 35 minutes.

Online-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS检测生活污水中20种毒品

对生活污水的前处理进行优化,建立了一种在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Online-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定污水中20种毒品及人口标记物的方法。用金属螯合剂Na_(2)EDTA·2H_(2)O处理污水后加入同位素内标,接着用滤膜过滤后,以双柱交替模式上样。用Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取柱(2.1 mm×30 mm,20μm)进行富集浓缩后,用流动相将固相萃取柱上吸附的目标物反冲洗到Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)上。柱温40℃,以乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用梯度程序洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正离子、多反应监测(MRM)模式定量检测。可替宁的线性范围在20~5000 ng·L^(-1),其余20种物质的线性范围在1~250 ng·L^(-1)之间,相关系数R2均大于0.99,检出限在0.01~0.25 ng·L^(-1)之间,加标回收率在91.57%~113.94%,精密度均小于15%。基于Online-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS建立了同时测定污水中20种毒品及人口标记物方法,该方法操作简单、灵敏高,具有良好的准确度和精密度,已成功应用于城市污水中的毒品检测,用于监测毒品滥用情况。

SPE-UFLC-MS法测定医药废水中8种四环素类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-超高速液相色谱质谱(SPE-UFLC-MS)法测定医药废水中8种四环素类抗生素的方法。通过固相萃取条件优化,选择固相Oasis HLB萃取柱、净化剂为30%ZnSO_(4)+20%K_(2)[Fe(CN)_(4)]溶液、稳定剂为1g·L^(-1)的Na_(2)EDTA、萃取pH值为8,获得最佳目标化合物萃取回收率。8种四环素类抗生素的标准曲线线性关系良好(r>0.999),且检出限低于10ng·L^(-1),平均回收率为95.3%~106.9%,相对标准偏差RSD小于8.23%。方法精密度和准确度较好。经实样测试,医药废水的调质池中除地美环素盐酸盐和二甲胺四环素盐酸盐外,其他6种四环素类抗生素均有不同程度检出,可为医药废水抗生素类化合物检测提供借鉴。

SPE-HPLC法检测畜禽养殖废水中四环素残留——基于植物净化系统多介质检测优化

通过对前处理条件进行优化,建立了一套固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测多介质中四环素残留量的方法。底泥和植物组织经Na_(2)EDTA-Mcllvaine的甲醇溶液(1∶1,v∶v,pH=4)提取后,分别以HLB小柱(底泥)和SAX/PSA-HLB串联柱(植物组织)富集净化;水样经Na_(2)EDTA溶液(pH=3.4)提取后,以HLB小柱富集净化后再进行HPLC检测。四环素添加浓度为5 mg/L(低浓度)和50 mg/L(高浓度)时,水体、底泥以及植物根系等3种基质中的加标回收率分别达到106.5±1.0%、90.7±8.0%、92.8±1.0%(5 mg/L)和93.9±1.8%、78.5±0.4%、78.8±0.4%(50 mg/L),方法准确度和精密度均较高。四环素在水体、底泥以及植物根系中的检出限分别为3.83μg/L、0.15 mg/kg以及1.53 mg/kg,方法在0~50 mg/L范围内具有良好的定量线性关系。应用该方法检测人工模拟畜禽养殖废水系统各介质样品,检出四环素浓度为nd~655.94μg/L(水体)和0.59~78.45 mg/kg(底泥、植物组织),表明该方法有效可行。

SCX-SPE结合UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS分析草乌中的四类二萜生物碱

目的对草乌中的二萜生物碱进行表征分析。方法以强酸性阳离子交换树脂固相萃取(SCX-SPE)分离纯化草乌中的二萜生物碱,并结合超高效液相色谱串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)进行结构鉴定。结果结合精确分子质量、多级质谱裂解规律、对照品对比、Clog P值及文献报道,共从草乌中鉴定了99个二萜生物碱类成分,包括双酯型二萜生物碱(DDA)27个,单酯型二萜生物碱(MDA)29个,酰胺型二萜生物碱(ADA)40个,多酯型二萜生物碱(PDA)2个,以及长链型二萜生物碱(LDA)1个。结论本文所建立的SCX-SPE结合UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS方法能快速地鉴定草乌中的二萜生物碱类成分,可为草乌的药效物质基础及质量控制研究提供科学依据。

农药SPE-LC-MS/MS检测方法的建立及其在水处理工艺中去除效果研究

目前国标中对新型农药的检测方法存在前处理较为繁琐,使用大量有机溶剂,检测限较高等问题,而SPELC-MS/MS检测方法具有前处理有机溶剂消耗较少,过程简单且检测限更低的优点。因此本研究以目前使用较为普遍的稻瘟灵、仲丁威、吡虫啉、甲草胺和西玛津这五种农药为研究对象,通过农药残留检测标准曲线和方法检出限对固相萃取-液相-二级质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)方法性能进行评价,最终建立五种农药相应的SPE-LC-MS/MS检测方法,并利用此方法对水源水和水厂水进行调研,进一步研究水处理工艺对这五种农药的去除情况。结果表明SPE-LC-MS/MS检测方法可以满足五种农药在水源和饮用水中的检测需求。淮河流域某水源和珠江流域某水源及其沿岸水厂的水源水中稻瘟灵、甲草胺和西玛津是检出浓度较高的农药,最高分别可达到135.4、41.1和41.5ng/L。水厂处理工艺对稻瘟灵去除效果较好,其中碳滤工艺基本可以将其完全去除,而对吡虫啉则基本无去除效果。纳滤工艺对农药的截留效果较好,对稻瘟灵、吡虫啉、甲草胺和西玛津去除率分别为82.2%、27.4%、89.0%和66.8%。研究结果为农药的检测方法和去除方法提供了参考,膜过滤、臭氧-碳滤等深度处理技术与传统处理工艺相结合在水处理方面对农药有较好的去除效果,有着一定的应用潜力与价值。

固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定胎便中14种全氟和多氟烷基化合物

全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)是一类人工合成的物质,由于其热稳定、疏水、疏油等优良性质而被广泛使用于生活和生产中.PFASs具有环境持久性、生物累积性、多种毒性等特性,且可以通过胎盘屏障进入到胎儿体内,进而对胎儿健康产生潜在危害.胎便中积累了妊娠期间暴露于胎儿的外源性化合物,可用于监测PFASs对胎儿的宫内暴露特征.本研究基于固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了胎便中14种PFASs的分析方法.采用乙腈/水(9∶1,V/V)对0.2 g冻干胎便样品进行超声提取,提取液经Envi-carb和Oasis WAX小柱固相萃取,0.1%氨甲醇洗脱.以10 mmol·L^(−1)乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈作为流动相对目标化合物进行梯度洗脱,采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱进行分离,基于多反应监测负离子模式采集,内标法定量.结果表明,在2、5、20 ng·g^(−1)的加标浓度下,14种PFASs的回收率为65%—149%,相对标准偏差为3%—22%,方法检出限(MDLs)为0.001—0.149 ng·g^(−1),方法定量限(MQLs)为0.003—0.495 ng·g^(−1).使用该方法测定了10个胎便样品,ΣPFASs浓度范围为<MDLs—2.49 ng·g^(−1).该方法操作简单、便捷、灵敏度高且定量准确,为系统性研究胎便中PFASs的赋存特征及暴露风险提供了技术基础.

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤、沉积物和水中3种新型除草剂残留

除草剂在杂草和有害植物防控上发挥着重要的作用,但其有效利用率低,大量除草剂进入环境中,对生态环境和人类健康构成了潜在威胁,因此建立环境样品中除草剂的残留分析方法尤为重要。该文采用电喷雾正离子源模式,建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定土壤、沉积物和水中异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺残留量的方法。土壤和沉积物样品经乙腈振荡提取、盐析后经C18固相萃取小柱净化,水样过滤后经C_(18)固相萃取小柱净化;再用LC-MS/MS测定样品中异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺的残留量。实验优化了仪器检测和前处理条件,考察了方法的线性关系、基质效应、检出限和定量限,并选取4种土壤、2种沉积物和水样进行了方法验证。在0.0005~0.02 mg/L范围内,异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺、苯嘧磺草胺的线性关系均良好,r≥0.9961。3种除草剂在土壤、沉积物和水中的基质效应为-10.1%~16.5%。异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺的检出限分别为0.05、0.02、0.01μg/kg,定量限分别为0.2、0.05、0.05μg/kg。异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺在土壤、沉积物和水样中3个水平(0.005、0.1、2.0 mg/kg)下的加标回收率分别为77.2%~101.9%、77.9%~105.1%、80.8%~107.1%;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.4%~12.8%、1.2%~7.7%、1.5%~11.5%。结果表明:本方法操作简单,方法稳定,定量准确,实用性强,可用于土壤、沉积物和水中异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺残留量的检测。

Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (LLE-GCMS) and solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (SPE-GCMS)

Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this paper to establish a simple,quick and exact analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol.LC-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction(SPE),1.0 mL of hexane was adopted in liquid-liquid extraction(LLE),and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrum(GCMS)in selected ion mode.Mean recoveries of SPE were low for 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)and geosmin(GSM)with values below 50%.For LLE,the recoveries were satisfyingly above 50%for 2-MIB and 80%for GSM.Detection limits of the LLE method were as low as 1.0 ng/L for GSM and 5.0 ng/L for 2-MIB.A year-long investigation on odor chemicals of drinking water in Shanghai demonstrated that in the summer,there was a serious odor problem induced by a high concentration of 2-MIB.The highest concentration of 152.82 ng/L appeared in July in raw water,while GSM flocculation was minimal with concentrations below odor threshold.

Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

In this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction （SPE） and gas chromatography-mass spectro- metry （GC-MS） was developed to simultaneously analyze five taste and odor compounds in surface water, i.e., 2- methylisoborneol （2-MIB）, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole （TCA）, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine （IPMP）, 2-isobutyl-3- methoxy pyrazine （IBMP）, and trans-l,lO-dimethyl- trans-9-decalol （geosmin, GSM）. The mass spectrometry was operated in selective ion monitoring （SIM） mode. Three kinds of SPE columns and three eluting solvents were compared, the C 18 column was chosen as optimum SPE column, and methanol was chosen as the optimum eluting solvent. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 1-200 ng.L^-1 and gave detection limits of 0.5 1.5 ng.L^-1 for individual compounds. Good recoveries （93.5%-108%） and relative standard deviations （1.58%-7.31%） were also obtained. Additionally, concentrations of these taste and odor compounds in Jinan＇s surface and drinking water were analyzed by applying this method, and the results showed that GSM and 2-MIB were the dominant taste and odor compounds in Jinan＇s raw water.

10种特级酱油香气差异分析

研究不同酱油的香气差异有利于从原料和酿造工艺角度加强其风味品质控制和质量提升。采用固相微萃取和固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用法对10种特级酱油(CB、HT1、HT2、LH、LJJ1、LJJ2、QH、XH1、XH2、WZ)中的挥发性香气成分进行定性和定量分析,结合感官评价、香气活性值(Odor activity value,OAV)和偏最小二乘回归分析(Partial least squares regression,PLSR)进一步分析不同特级酱油的香气差异及其贡献。结果表明,在10种特级酱油中共检测到86种香气化合物,其中44种化合物在10种酱油中共有。共30种香气物质的OAV≥1,其中5-乙基-4-羟基-2-甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮的OAV(373~4698)值最高,其次为4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮(0~1473)。WZ酱油的烟熏香较强,其酚类和酮类化合物种类最多。CB酱油整体香气强度最小,乙醇(25.775μg/L)远低于其余9种酱油;但其吡嗪类物质含量最高(182.796μg/L),其中2,6-二甲基吡嗪含量为66.256μg/L。XH1酱油的酱香与醇香较为强烈,其乙醇(147.257μg/L)含量最高,酚类物含量同样较高,其中4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚为18240.479μg/L。XH2酱油的麦芽香强烈。LH酱油的异丁醇(51.223μg/L)和2,3-丁二醇(57921.798μg/L)含量在所检测样品中均为最高。HT1酱油中1-辛烯-3-醇(61.219μg/L)含量最高。综合OAV与PLSR分析,乙酸乙酯、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇、3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮、4-乙基愈创木酚和4-乙基苯酚为10种特级酱油香气差异的关键成分。

SPE-GC-MS法测定葡萄酒中顺反式白藜芦醇

研究了固相萃取(SPE)GCMS法同时测定葡萄酒中顺反式白藜芦醇的分析方法.用SPEC18小柱进行葡萄酒样品的前处理,以2三甲基甲硅烷基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)试剂衍生化分离出的白藜芦醇,用GCMS法对顺、反式白藜芦醇进行定性和定量分析.对顺、反式白藜芦醇方法的检出限分别为372μg·L-1和600μg·L-1,平均回收率分别为939%和988%,RSD分别为74%和81%.分析了31个国产葡萄酒,11个进口葡萄酒.该法简便、快速、损失小,样品用量少,适合大批量样品的测定.

蛇胆川贝液和蛇胆汁中牛磺胆酸的SPE-HPLC法测定

目的 :建立蛇胆川贝液和蛇胆汁中牛磺胆酸含量的测定方法。方法 :含磷酸二氢钾的样品与甲醇的混合溶液流过Sep PakC18固相萃取微柱。固相萃取微柱吸附溶液中强保留物质以保护分析柱 ,牛磺胆酸被固相萃取微柱饱和吸附后的流出液作反相高效液相色谱法测定用的供试液。色谱条件 :SupelcosilLC 8色谱柱 (15 0mm× 4 .6nm ,5 μm)为分析柱 ,甲醇 0 .4 %磷酸二氢钾溶液 (5 6∶4 4 ,V/V)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 0 3nm ,进样体积为 5 0 μL。 结果 :在 0 .0 2 5 3～0 .2 5 3mg·mL-1浓度范围内 ,牛磺胆酸钠进样浓度与峰面积响应值呈良好的线性关系 ,r =0 .9999;平均回收率为10 1.3% ,RSD为 0 .4 0 % (n =6 )。结论 :本法简便实用 ,分析结果准确可靠 。

SPE-HPLC法测定菊延保康颗粒中延胡索乙素的含量

目的 :测定菊延保康颗粒 (延胡索 ,附子 ,萝芙木等 )中延胡索乙素的含量。方法 :选用C18固相萃取小柱对样品进行纯化。色谱柱为DikmaDiamonsilC18柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为 0 .0 5M磷酸二氢钾— 0 .0 0 5M庚烷磺酸钠—乙腈 (1.2∶1.2∶1) ,流速为 1.2mL·min-1,检测波长为 2 30nm。结果 :延胡索乙素进样量在 0 .0 6 7～ 0 .4 0 2 μg的范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系 ,相关系数为 0 .9997,平均回收率为 98.6 6 %。结论 :本方法简便快速 ,分离度好 ,结果准确可靠。

SPE-HPLC法测定菊延保康颗粒中蒙花苷的含量

目的:建立测定菊延保康颗粒中蒙花苷含量的方法。方法:选用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱对样品进行纯化。采用C_(18)色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.8%磷酸(1:1)为流动相,流速为1 mL·min^(-1),检测波长为326 nm。结果:蒙花苷进样量在0.0432—2.16μg的范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r为0.9999,平均回收率为100.4%。结论:本方法操作简便快速,结果准确可靠。