A Study of the Stability Properties in Simulation of Wave Propagation with SPH Method

When ordinary Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method is used to simulate wave propagation in a wave tank, it is usually observed that the wave height decays and the wave length elongates along the direction of wave propagation. Accompanied with this phenomenon, the pressure under water decays either and shows a big oscillation simultaneously. The reason is the natural potential tensile instability of modeling water motion with ordinary SPH which is caused by particle negative stress in the computation. I＇o deal with the problems, a new sextic kernel function is proposed to reduce this instability. An appropriate smooth length is given and its computation criterion is also suggested. At the same time, a new kind dynamic boundary condition is introduced. Based on these improvements, the new SPH method named stability improved SPH （SISPH） can simulate the wave propagation well. Both the water surface and pressure can be well expressed and the oscillation of pressure is nearly eliminated. Compared with other improved methods, SISPH can truly reveal the physical reality without bringing some new problems in a simple way.

STUDY OF NUMERICAL AND PHYSICAL FRACTURE WITH SPH METHOD

Two kinds of fractures can be observed in the SPH （smoothed particle hydrodynamics） simulations, which are the physical fracture and the numerical fracture. The physical one exists in reality, while the numerical one is fictitious. This paper presents the effects of both fractures and proposes a simple adding particle technique to avoid the numerical fracture. The real physical fracture is then figured out by using an applicable fracture criterion. Firstly, the effect of the numerical fracture on the computational accuracy is investigated by introducing the artificial fracture in a model of wave propagation. Secondly, a simple adding particle technique is proposed and validated by a three dimensional bending test. Finally, the experiments of penetration on the skin of aircrafts are simulated by both the initial SPH method and the improved method with the adding particle technique. The results show that the improved SPH method can describe the physical fracture very well with better accuracy.

Numerical simulation of droplet coalescence based on the SPH method

In this paper,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is employed in modeling and numerical simulation of droplet coalescence.Considering the effect of tangential force on boundary material,besides normal force,tangential force is also introduced in the continuum surface force(CSF)model.The formation of droplet,the coalescence processes of two droplets and three droplets are simulated by the modified CSF model.The validity of the modified model is verified from the aspects of the morphological change of the droplet,the smoothness of free surface and the conservation of the centroid of the system.Compared with finite element method,the results of the modified CSF model show that tangential force plays a crucial role in the CSF model when dealing with model boundary with curves and sharp angles.

Investigation on charge parameters of underwater contact explosion based on axisymmetric SPH method

This paper investigates the effects of charge parameters of the underwater contact explosion based on the axisymmetric smoothed particle hydrodynamics （SPH） method. The dynamic boundary particle is proposed to improve the pressure fluctuation and numerical accuracy near the symmetric axis. An in-depth study is carried out over the influence of charge shapes and detonation modes on the near-field loads in terms of the peak pressure and impulse of shock waves. For different charge shapes, the cylindrical charge with different length-diameter ratios may cause strong directivity of peak pressure and impulse in the near field. Compared with spherical charge, the peak pressure of cylindrical charge may be either weakened or enhanced in different directions. Within a certain range, the greater the length-diameter ratio is, the more obvious the effect will be. The weakened ratio near the detonation end may reach 25% approximately, while the enhanced ratio may reach around 20% in the opposite direction. However, the impulse in different directions seems to be uniform. For different detonation modes, compared with point-source explosion, the peak pressure of plane-source explosion is enhanced by about 5%. Besides, the impulse of plane-source explosion is enhanced by around 5% near the detonation end, but close to those of the point-source explosion in other directions. Based on the material constitutive relation in the axisymmetric coordinates, a simple case of underwater contact explosion is simulated to verify the above conclusions, showing that the charge parameters of underwater contact explosion should not be ignored.

Numerical Simulation of Water Mitigation Effects on Shock Wave with SPH Method

The water mitigation effect on the propagation of shock wave was investigated numerically. The traditional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was modified based on Riemann solution. The comparison of numerical results with the analytical solution indicated that the modified SPH method has more advantages than the traditional SPH method. Using the modified SPH algorithm, a series of one-dimensional planar wave propagation problems were investigated, focusing on the influence of the air-gap between the high-pressure air and water and the thickness of water. The numerical results showed that water mitigation effect is significant. Up to 60% shock wave pressure reduction could be achieved with the existence of water, and the shape of shock wave was also changed greatly. It is seemly that the small air-gap between the high-pressure air and water has more influence on water mitigation effect.

Computational Simulation of Hypervelocity Penetration Using Adaptive SPH Method

The normal hypervelocity impact of an Al-thin plate by an Al-sphere was numerically simulated by using the adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ASPH) method. In this method, the isotropic smoothing algorithm of standard SPH is replaced with anisotropic smoothing involving ellipsoidal kernels whose axes evolve automatically to follow the mean particle spacing as it varies in time, space, and direction around each particle. Using the ASPH, the anisotropic volume changes under strong shock condition are captured more accurately and clearly. The sophisticated features of meshless and Lagrangian nature inherent in the SPH method are kept for treating large deformations, large inhomogeneities and tracing free surfaces in the extremely transient impact process. A two-dimensional ASPH program is coded with C++. The developed hydrocode is examined for example problems of hypervelocity impacts of solid materials. The results obtained from the numerical simulation are compared with available experimental ones. Good agreement is observed.

考虑强度速率衰减效应的地震滑坡SPH-FEM模拟

基于SPH和FEM耦合的数值计算方法,引入滑动面摩擦强度的速率衰减模型,提出了一种能够模拟地震诱发滑坡破坏过程的数值模拟方法。基于所提数值方法模拟了唐家山地震滑坡,模拟结果与现场勘查结果及室内试验现象较为一致。基于模拟的滑动面上摩擦系数的演化过程,将唐家山滑坡的发生分为4个阶段:启动阶段、摩擦衰减阶段、低摩擦滑移阶段和逐步稳定阶段。模拟结果表明速度增加和摩擦强度衰减的相互促进,是触发滑体的高速运动的根本原因。提出采用滑体上作用的动摩擦力fd和动下滑力Td的比值R作为判别指标用于判断大型滑坡的启动,当首次出现R小于1时认为滑动面发生整体贯通并出现失稳启动。基于滑动面不同位置摩擦系数的演化,揭示了滑坡启动中滑动面摩擦强度衰减和滑动面的渐进贯通过程,解释了地震作用与滑动面摩擦参数速率衰减效应共同作用触发大型滑坡发生破坏的内在机理。

基于SPH-FEM耦合方法的泥石流冲击输电塔基础的动力分析

泥石流是我国西南山区常见的地质灾害。架空输电杆塔在泥石流的冲击下往往发生基础破坏甚至会造成杆塔倒塌。首先采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法和有限元方法(finite element method,简称FEM)相耦合的三维数值方法模拟了泥石流对杆塔基础的冲击作用;在与相关模型试验结果验证的基础上,开展了不同泥石流密度、黏度系数及初始速度条件下对输电塔基础的冲击力作用的参数分析;研究结果表明:随着泥石流初始速度的增加,冲击力峰值会随之增大;前排基础的冲击力峰值均大于后排基础;泥石流冲击过程特性受到泥石流密度和黏度系数影响。与稀性泥石流相比:黏性泥石流冲击基础后,基础下游真空区相对要小;此外,将数值模拟结果与Kwan冲击力公式及铁二院推荐的冲击压力设计公式预测值进行对比分析可以发现:Kwan冲击力公式能较好地预测出基础所受泥石流冲击力的平均趋势,最大预测误差低于30%,铁二院公式预测的稀性和黏性泥石流的冲击压力平均偏低分别约17%和28%。相关研究结果有望为泥石流频发区域输电塔基础的设计和风险评估提供一定的参考依据。

基于SPH方法的二维液舱晃荡特性研究

本文基于流固耦合动力学理论,建立二维液舱晃荡的光滑粒子流体动力学模型,并引入Dummy边界处理固定边界问题。首先,与实验结果对比验证模型的有效性;随后,分析不同横摇激励、多种载液率下自由液面的运动规律,研究液体抨击舱壁产生的压力特性;在此基础上,设计单一隔板和组合隔板等不同制荡结构,探究共振频率、30%载液率下,自由液面形态和壁面冲击压力的特性。结果表明:在共振频率下,横摇幅值对压力峰值的影响最大;随着载液率的增加,壁面抨击压力双峰特性逐渐消失;当隔板尺度较小时,T型隔板更有利于降低压力的整体水平;双T型隔板可有效降低舱底冲击。

基于SPH方法的空调进气口进水量分析及优化

由于雨刮臂摆动频次与导水槽及空调外循环进风口结构不匹配等因素,部分车型在淋雨工况下,有水滴甚至水流沿空调进风口进入空调系统,导致空调出现异味,甚至有水渗漏进入乘客舱,出现严重的感知质量问题。采用SPH方法,考虑雨刮臂运动、车身姿态及气流效应工况下,借助PreonLab软件仿真,复现某车型淋雨场景下的水管理质量问题,通过在空调外循环进风口位置增加挡板,显著减少了溅入空调箱的雨水量,并在实车淋雨试验中得到验证。方法能在车辆开发阶段发现并整改车辆在淋雨场景下的流通路径设计不合理等问题,可改变目前车辆淋雨场景水管理质量控制主要依托实车测试的现状,也可应用于车辆水管理的其他性能质量的控制,如涉水、雨污等。

基于SPH粒子法的汽车高压油箱碰撞CAE计算分析

文章基于汽车车体结构、高压燃油箱及其周围零部件组成的子模型,采用LS-DYNA显式求解器,利用SPH 粒子技术,针对整车正面碰撞、侧面碰撞以及后面碰撞过程中,高压油箱周围变形以及其内部油液的晃动对油箱壳体的影响进行有限元模拟和研究。通过碰撞CAE计算分析,得出碰撞过程中油液晃动对油箱的撞击而产生的应力分布及变化过程,分析油箱的变形、应力、应变分布等情况,可以评估汽车在发生高速碰撞时油箱损伤、破坏情况。最终通过在某整车高速追尾CAE模拟中的应用,再现了油液SPH 粒子的有效作用。

基于SPH方法的固体火箭发动机殉爆数值模拟研究

针对固体火箭发动机的殉爆现象,采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法开展了固体火箭发动机殉爆过程的数值模拟研究,分析了主发发动机爆炸初期的爆轰产物膨胀过程,以及被发发动机在不同条件下受爆轰产物冲击的响应情况。结果表明:采用SPH方法模拟爆炸冲击响应时,计算结果与传统的任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)方法吻合较好,在保证相同仿真精度时,计算效率可提高约37.5%;主、被发发动机排列方式相同时,间距越小,发动机尺寸越大,殉爆响应程度越剧烈;主、被发发动机间距一定时,平行排列方式较垂直排列方式更容易发生殉爆。平行排列时,150 mm直径发动机的临界殉爆距离在80~100 mm之间,大于100 mm直径发动机的临界殉爆距离60~70 mm;垂直排列时,100 mm直径发动机的临界殉爆距离在50~60 mm之间。研究结果提供了一种用于殉爆数值模拟的方法,对固体火箭发动机的安全贮存和使用具有一定参考价值。

基于SPH方法的沉箱开孔位置对消浪效果的影响

为了更深入地理解沉箱结构对波浪传播和反射的影响,对波浪与开孔沉箱相互作用进行数值模拟研究,为探究消浪效果最佳的沉箱上部开孔位置,通过基于SPH方法建立的数值波浪水槽,分析了3种不同开孔位置对反射系数Kr、波面高度变化、涡量场及流场的影响,总结了不同开孔位置对消浪效果的影响。研究发现当上部开孔的顶端在水下0.08 m时沉箱反射系数Kr最小,沉箱外的波面高度变化最小,开孔沉箱开孔处的涡量消耗的总量最大,流场变化最大是其他2种开孔位置的1~2倍,同时沉箱内波面最为平静,消浪效果最好。所得结论对开孔沉箱实际工程中消浪效果研究具有一定的参考意义。

基于SPH方法的围油栏仿真研究

为解决计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法在模拟围油栏围控溢油时流-固耦合、水-油液体两相流中的不稳定性、计算效率差、将自由表面视为滑移壁且不考虑围油栏移动等问题,基于光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法建立适用于围油栏围控溢油的固-液耦合、液体两相流数值模型,将5种不同裙摆结构的围油栏导入两相液体相互作用的数值仿真模型中,通过SPH代码设定数值模拟相关参数,提高计算效率,得到较精确的围油栏滞油长度与溢油失效步长。结果表明:围油栏围控溢油能力与上、下裙摆高度比及裙摆角类型有关,上裙摆高度占比越大,围油栏的滞油表现越好;前折角型围油栏的滞油表现优于前转角型围油栏;滞油长度与油品性质有关,油品的密度和黏度越小,围油栏的滞油长度越大。

基于DEM-SPH流固耦合的冰区船舶快速性预报

船舶在冰区海域中航行会受到冰水环境阻力的影响,是冰区船舶快速性研究中的重要影响因素。为合理分析冰区船舶的快速性能,该文采用基于离散元(discrete element method,DEM)和光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法的流固耦合模型模拟船舶冰区航行过程,获得不同航速下的船舶阻力和推进力,进一步计算出螺旋桨的推力、扭矩以及定速航行所需的螺旋桨转速等参数。为研究船体结构、海冰与海水之间的流固耦合作用,文中通过SPH粒子与固定粒子边界相对运动的拟合项直接计算固体与流体之间的相互作用力,建立船体结构、海冰与海水耦合的DEM-SPH模型,并基于该模型分别对船舶在冰区的航行阻力和推进力进行模拟,通过拟合的方式匹配航行阻力和推进力,并考虑尾部流场导致的船体阻力增额,从而预报船舶在特定航速下实现自航所需的螺旋桨转速。此外,文中还模拟了DTMB 5415船模在浮冰区和层冰区中航行的阻力和不同螺旋桨转速下的推力,对船模在不同工况下实现特定航速航行所需的螺旋桨转速进行了预报。计算结果表明:DEM-SPH耦合模型对船-冰、桨-冰作用中的流固耦合过程模拟效果出色,可完整描述船体及尾部伴流场对海冰的拖曳作用;通过文中所述阻力-推力模拟算例及强制力的拟合分析,所形成的基于数值模拟方法的船舶自航下螺旋桨转速预报,可为进一步的试验验证和工程应用推广奠定基础。

A Contact SPH Method with High-Order Limiters for Simulation of Inviscid Compressible Flows

In this paper,we study a class of contact smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)by introducing Riemann solvers and using high-order limiters.In particular,a promising concept ofWENO interpolation as limiter is presented in the reconstruction process.The physical values relating interactional particles used as the initial values of the Riemann problemcan be reconstructed by the Taylor series expansion.The contact solvers of the Riemann problem at contact points are incorporated in SPH approximations.In order to keep the fluid density at the wall rows to be consistent with that of the inner fluid wall boundaries,several lines of dummy particles are placed outside of the solid walls,which are assigned according to the initial configuration.At last,the method is applied to compressible flows with sharp discontinuities such as the collision of two strong shocks and the interaction of two blast waves and so on.The numerical results indicate that the method is capable of handling sharp discontinuity and efficiently reducing unphysical oscillations.

Numerical study of the splashing wave induced by a seaplane using mesh-based and particle-based methods

In recent years,forest fires and maritime accidents have occurred frequently,which have had a bad impact on human production and life.Thus,the development of seaplanes is an increasingly urgent demand.It is important to study the taxiing process of seaplanes for the development of seaplanes,which is a strong nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problem.In this paper,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method based on the Lagrangian framework is utilized to simulate the taxiing process of seaplanes,and the SPH results are compared with those of the finite volume method(FVM)based on the Eulerian method.The results show that the SPH method can not only give the same accuracy as the FVM but also have a strong ability to capture the splashing waves in the taxiing process,which is quite meaningful for the subsequent study of the effect of a splash on other parts of the seaplane.

SPH-DEM流固耦合方法模拟金沙江白格滑坡应用研究

从力学本质来讲,滑坡属于滑坡动力学和水动力学复杂流固耦合问题。采用离散元方法(DEM)模拟滑坡体大变形、不连续问题,以光滑粒子流方法(SPH)模拟水体的流体动力学特性,充分利用不同数值计算方法的特点,构建SPH-DEM流固耦合算法,并应用于2018年10月10日西藏白格滑坡堵江的灾害模拟中。结果显示计算模型能较为准确地捕捉滑坡碎屑体入江激起水砂射流的规模以及范围,再现主堆积区向次堆积区产生二次滑移的动力过程,完整刻画堆积体的厚度、几何形态和断面特征。仿真结果有助于进一步深化对高速高位滑坡产生堵江过程和机理的认识,为后续进行抢险施工组织设计,制定防灾减灾策略提供参考。

Numerical modeling of dam-break flood through intricate city layouts including underground spaces using GPU-based SPH method

This paper applies the meshfree Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method with Graphical Processing Unit （GPU） parallel computing technique to investigate the highly complex 3-D dam-break flow in urban areas including underground spaces. Taking the advantage of GPUs parallel computing techniques, simulations involving more than 107 particles can be achieved. We use a virtual geometric plane boundary to handle the outermost solid wall in order to save considerable video card memory for the GPU computing. To evaluate the accuracy of the new GPU-based SPH model, qualitative and quantitative comparison to a real flooding experiment is performed and the results of a numerical model based on Shallow Water Equations （SWEs） is given with good accuracy. With the new GPU-based SPH model, the effects of the building layouts and underground spaces on the propagation of dambreak flood through an intricate city layout are examined.

瑞利波作用下缓倾场地流滑大变形的SPH数值模拟

地震可能导致土体弱化甚至液化,从而在倾斜场地引起流滑变形,一般认为在缓倾场地中这种变形相对有限。然而,在2018年苏拉威西地震中,3°以内的缓倾场地却出现了数百米的大变形。已有的模型试验与数值计算大多只考虑了剪切波的作用,无法再现和解释这一现象。通过光滑粒子流体动力学法(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,SPH)开展数值模拟,发现瑞利波对流滑大变形有显著影响。模拟使用HBP(Herschel Bulkley Papanastasiou)流变学模型模拟地基土,使用动力粒子边界(Dynamic Boundary Particles,DBP)实现瑞利波的非一致输入,结合地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)进行三维建模,计算并对比分析了瑞利波和剪切波输入下Balaroa缓倾场地的变形特征,解释了2018年苏拉威西地震Balaroa滑坡的成因。