1×1钢丝帘线的开发与性能探讨

开发1×1钢丝帘线,并研究其性能。结果表明:采用校直器校直和加捻反扭两种工艺均可以得到符合设计要求的1×1钢丝帘线,校直器校直的钢丝帘线残余扭转更稳定,而加捻反扭的钢丝帘线直线性更好;在材料确定的情况下,1×1钢丝帘线的弯曲刚度和低负荷伸长率主要与直径相关,而与强度关系不大;在1500 MPa试验压力下,1×0.30ST钢丝帘线的亨特疲劳性能比2×0.30ST钢丝帘线更好。

南海流花11-1油田二次开发工程方案及关键技术

流花11-1油田区域水深约300~330 m,油田于1996年投产,采用水下设施+半潜式平台+FPSO方式开发,但由于设施老化,面临进入退役状态。考虑该油田还有较大的开发潜力,以经济有效开发为目标,对流花11-1油田二次开发方案开展了详细研究,确定了深水导管架平台+圆筒型FPSO的开发模式;针对南海最深水导管架(“海基二号”)、首次应用的圆筒型FPSO(“海葵一号”)设计建造面临的问题展开了系统研究,形成了深水导管架平台设计、420 MPa级高强钢应用与平台建造安装以及圆筒型FPSO的主尺度确定、舱室设计、系泊方案、外输方案等多项关键技术;为进一步降低投资,对流花4-1油田回接管缆利旧可行性及方案进行了研究。新技术应用推动了流花11-1油田的二次开发,对南海深水油田开发,尤其是边际油田开发具有较强借鉴意义。

Prediction of Ac1 temperature in P92 steel weld metal

The effects of major alloying elements on the Ac, temperature in P92 steel weld metal were evaluated by Thermo- Calc, and a formula relating Ac1 to the content of major alloying elements was developed using multiple regression method. Results show that both C and N reduce Ac, temperature in weld metal, the effect of N on Ac, is greater than that of C, but their influence on Act is not so significant when they individually vary in the specified chemical composition ranges. Si, Cr, Mo and W increase the Acl temperature, and the descending order of their effects is determined as Si, Mo, W, Cr. Mn and Ni decrease the AcI in weld metal, the decreasing effect is especially remarkable when the （ Mn ＋ Ni） ≥ 1%. The effect of Co is moderate and is much smaller compared to Ni. The variations of Acl for the ranges of micro-alloying elements Nb and V are also evaluated, the effect of V is greater compared to Nb and the effect of Nb could be ignored in the specified chemical composition range. A prediction formula for Ac, temperature in P92 steel weld metal within the specified chemical composition ranges was developed based on the comprehensive consideration of the calculated Ac, temperatures and the experimentally measured results.

An ingenious approach of determining hydrogen isotope solubilities, diffusivities and permeabilities in GWHER-1 stainless steel

In this paper, by using an ingenious method, the hydrogen isotope solubilities and diffusivities in GWHER-1 stainless steel have been determined by a vacuum heating degassing approach at the temperature range of 597-1022 K on a set of specimens with different sizes previously charged for 24 h under a hydrogen isotope pressure of 105 Pa in the temperature range of 800-1000 K. The permeabilities are then derived from the relation Φ = DKs. It is found D = 1.52 ×10^-6exp（-54100/RT）, Ks = 2.2×10^-exp（-5400/RT） and Φ = 3.3 ×10^-12exp（-59500/RT） for hydrogen, where Ks （Sieverts＇ constant） is given in Pa^-1/2, D in m2.s^-1.Pa^-1/2, T in K and R=8.31 J.mol^-1.K^-1. By taking isotope effects into account, the corresponding Arrhenius relations for deuterium and tritium are also deduced.

Study on numerical simulation of TA1-304 stainless steel explosive welding

In order to guide the explosive welding experiment of titanium-stainless steel,Three-dimensional numerical simulation of explosive welding,which select TA1 as flyer plate and 304 stainless steel as base plate,is carried out by using the LS-DYNA software and SPH-FEM coupling algorithm in the present study.The explosive welding window is calculated and established.It is found that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.The displacement,velocity and pressure-time curves of characteristic elements show that the quality of explosive welding composites is superior.It is proved that SPH-FEM coupling algorithm is effective for explosive welding of TA1/304 stainless steel and can effectively guide the selection of explosive welding parameters.

KINETICS OF TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT IN 2.25Cr-1Mo STEEL USED FOR HOT-WALL HYDROFINING REACTORS

Based on the theory of grain boundary segregation, a kinetics model of temper em-brittlement caused by long-term service for hot-wall hydrofining reactors was studied.The kinetics model was applied to phosphorus (P) segregation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steelused for a hot-wall hydrofining reactor, and the kinetics of grain boundary segrea-tion of impurity P in the steel exposed to the process environment of the hydrofiningreactor was calculated on the basis of the model. The Auger electron spectroscopytest was performed in order to determine the grain boundary concentration of P. Theexperimental result is agreement with the theoretical calculated data. The results showthat the kinetics equation is reasonable for predicting the levels of grain boundarysegregation of impurity P in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel used for hot-wall hydrofining reactors.

Rietveld Quantitative Analysis of Carbides Precipitation in Normalized-tempered 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel

The quantitative determination of the mass fractions of precipitates in steels is very difficult using traditional materials characterization techniques. The Rietveld full-pattern fitting algorithm was introduced to solve this problem. The precipitated multicomponents’ mass fraction of M3C, MC, M7C3 and M23C6 were evaluated precisely and relatively quickly. It is found evolution of carbides apparently occurs during tempering at high temperatures, and a two-step transformation mechanism is proposed for M7C3 during early tempering treatment. The method is an effective way on the investigation of precipitation kinetics, which may play a promising role in propertities’ enhancement and design of the heat-resistant steels.

INFLUENCE OF PHASE COMPOSITION ON PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF SPUTTERED COATING OF 1Cr18Ni9Ti STAINLESS STEEL

A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistance against pitting corrosion was studied by measurements of pitting corrosion potentials and electrochemical noise during initiation of corrosion pits.The results show that the sputtered coatings with single bcc phase or single fcc structure are more resistant to pitting corrosion than those with bcc plus fcc duplex phase structure.

Mechanical and microstructural characterization for HIPed joints of CLF-1 steel with different surface roughness

Reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels(RAFMs) such as CLF-1 steel, have been developed as candidate structural materials for breeding blanket in fusion reactors. Hot isostatic pressing(HIP) diffusion method is expected to provide the most promising method to solve the problem to join cooling rectangular channels with thin panels during fabrication of the first wall in breeding blankets. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of HIPed joints of CLF-1 steel with four typical surface roughness has been investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of surface roughness, the tensile properties are similar to as-received CLF-1 steel, the elongation and the area reduction decreased, the impact energy decreased sharply. The HIPed joints are very sensitive to the bonding surface states, the roughness could influence degassing, oxide and cavities formation, diffusion efficiency of bonding surface, and reduce the roughness, efficient degassing and elimination of oxide formation of the HIP joint surfaces is important to obtain a satisfactory joint.

High-temperature oxidation behavior of heat resistant stainless steel 1.4828

The kinetic curves of the high-temperature oxidation of austenitic heat resistant stainless steel 1. 4828 at 1 050 ℃ were measured using a weighing method. It is shown that the oxidation curves at 1 050 ℃ followed the parabolic line law, and after 250 h of oxidation, the mass gain was about 80 g/m2. The surface morphology and structure of the oxide layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A complicated oxide layer obtained at 1 050 ℃ was mainly composed, from inner to outer, of （FeSi） 3 04, Cr2 03, Fe2 03, and spinel oxides FeCr204 and NiMn204.

Effects of Hydrogen on Behaviour of Low Cycle Fatigue of 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

The effects of hydrogen atoms on behaviour of low cycle fatigue of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel have been investigated in present work. The results indicate that the cyclic softening rate and low cycle fatigue life are respectively increased and reduced remarkably by hydrogen atoms. In addition, hydrogen atoms make the original stress amplitude of low cycle fatigue increase, which is because of the drag effect of hydrogen atoms on the moving dislocations. Analyses using electron microscopy show that hydrogen atoms accelerate crack initiation of low cycle fatigue from inclusion and transfer the source of low cycle fatigue crack from the surface of specimen to the inclusion, which results in the marked decrease of low cycle fatigue life. The increase of cyclic softening rate for hydrogen charged specimen is due to hydrogen atoms accelerating the initiating and growing of microvoids from the secondary phase particles in the steel. The reducing of the drag effect of hydrogen atoms on moving dislocations is also helpful to the increase of the cyclic softening rate.

Development of SA-533 Type B CL. 1+SA-240 Type 304L roll-bonded clad steel plate for safety injection tank of CAP1400 nuclear power plant

Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.

低活化铁素体/马氏体钢CLF-1激光焊接模式转变研究

为研究低活化铁素体/马氏体钢(RAFM)CLF-1激光焊接模式转变规律,对其焊缝横截面形貌及尺寸进行了宏观表征和定量分析。结果表明,在一定条件下,随着焊接功率的增大,焊接模式从热传导焊模式向小孔深熔焊模式转变,焊缝横截面表现为“圆弧形”、“V字形”和“钉头形”三种类型形貌。CLF-1钢激光焊接模式不受焊接速度、离焦量变化的影响。激光焊接模式转变的临界值为深熔焊阈值,CLF-1钢深熔焊阈值由材料自身特性决定,当焊接速度为10mm·s^(-1)时,CLF-1钢深熔焊阈值约为1.20kW⋅mm^(-1)。

推广国产优质模具钢 促进铝挤压工业与技术发展——SRM-1高强韧高温耐磨特种合金钢的特性及性价比分析

本文较全面系统地介绍了国产的高性能、长寿命优质铝挤压模具特种合金钢SRM-1的性能与用途,并与国外先进的模具材料(如H13、1.2344、SKD61、H21等)进行了对比分析。结果表明,国产SRM-1钢的各种性能达到或优于国外同类先进钢材,使用寿命也大大提高,而且价格低廉,性价比最高,可大大降低生产成本,从而促进我国铝挤压工业的发展。

Hot Corrosion Behavior of Sol-Gel Nano Structured Zirconia Coated 9Cr1Mo Ferritic Steel in Alkali Metal Chlorides and Sulphates Deposit Systems at High Temperatures

Fused salt accelerated hot corrosion is quite common in gas turbines, fossil fuelled devices, waste inclinators, pyrochemical systems, etc. Presence of fused salt on metal surface dissolves their existing oxide layer. This results in an increase in oxidation rate of the metal. Since, zirconia coating is well recognized for corrosion protection under high temperature oxidative environment, we have developed zirconia coating on 9Cr1Mo ferritic steel and their oxidation performance was evaluated in LiCl-NaCl and Na2SO4-K2SO4 salts deposit system in air atmosphere at 650?C and 850?C, respectively. Before coating development, zirconium based sol was synthesized using zirconium (IV) propoxide as a precursor. Oxidation test results indicated that the zirconia coated specimens shows more than two times higher corrosion resistance in LiCl-NaCl and three time higher corrosion resistance in Na2SO4-K2SO4 salt deposit, respectively.

推广国产优质SRM-1模具钢应用促进铝挤压工业与技术发展

模具材料是决定铝挤压模具使用寿命、提高产品质量的关键要素。较全面地介绍了国产的高性能、长寿命优质铝挤压模具特种合金钢SRM-1的性能与用途,并与国外先进的模具材料(如H13、1.2344、SKD61、H21等钢材)进行了对比分析。结果表明,国产SRM-1钢的各种性能达到或优于国外同类先进钢材的,模具使用寿命也大大提高,而且价格低廉,性价比高,可大大降低生产成本,从而促进我国铝挤压工业的发展。

Characterization and Modelling of High Temperature Flow Behaviour of V Modified 2.25Cr-1Mo Heat Resistant Steel Plate

In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.

Vickers hardness change of the Chinese low-activation ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions

In the present work,the irradiation hardening behavior of a Chinese low-activation ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1,a candidate for fusion reactor blankets,is studied.Specimens were irradiated with high-energy14N and56Fe ions at the terminal of a cyclotron to three successively increasing damage levels of 0.05,0.1 and 0.2 displacements per atom(dpa)at about-50°C.The energy of the incident ions was dispersed to 11 successively decreasing grades using an energy degrader,thereby generating an atomic displacement damage plateau in the specimens from the surface to a depth of 25μm,which is sufficiently broad for the Vickers hardness test.Eight different loads(i.e.98 mN,196 m N,490 m N,980 m N,1.96 N,4.9 N,9.8 N and 19.6 N)were applied to the specimens to obtain the depth profiles of the Vickers hardness by using a microhardness tester.Hardening was observable at the lowest damage level,and increased with increasing irradiation dose.A power-law correlation of the Vickers hardness with the damage level(HV0=1.49+0.76 dpa0.31)is proposed.Testing with a nano-indentation technique was also performed,and a linear relationship between the Vickers micro-hardness and the nanohardness(HV0=0.83 H0)was observed.A comparison with other RAFM steels(CLAM,JLF-1,F82 H,EUROFER97 etc.)under neutron or charged particle irradiation conditions shows that most of the RAFM steels exhibit similar power-law exponents in the dose dependence of irradiation hardening.The difference in the irradiation hardening may be attributed to differences in microstructure prior to irradiation.

X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的蠕变-疲劳交互作用及断裂机理

在620℃下对X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢进行不同应力比(0.2~0.4)和保载时间(0.3~1.5 h)下的载荷控制的高位保载蠕变-疲劳试验,对其蠕变-疲劳交互作用及断裂机理进行了分析。结果表明:试验钢的蠕变-疲劳寿命与保载时间呈指数关系,保载时间越长,应力比对蠕变-疲劳寿命的影响越小;从应变角度定义的蠕变-疲劳交互作用因子能够很好地反映稳定阶段的真应力-真应变迟滞回线与蠕变-疲劳寿命的相互作用;试验钢的蠕变-疲劳断裂模式为韧性断裂;当保载时间较短(0.3,0.5 h)时,疲劳损伤抑制蠕变损伤,损伤主要受循环中的疲劳载荷控制,断口中韧窝由疲劳主导作用下的晶界滑移变形引起;当保载时间较长(1.0,1.5 h)时,疲劳损伤促进蠕变损伤,损伤主要受与时间有关的蠕变载荷控制,断口中韧窝由夹杂物或第二相颗粒脱落所致。

Effect of the Compound Layer of Plasma Nitriding on Thermal Fatigue Behavior of 4Cr5MoSiV1 Die Steel

With the Uddeholm self restricted method, the effect of compound layer of plasma nitriding on thermal fatigue behavior of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel was studied by the way of adding Ar during plasma nitriding to remove the compound layer. The results show that the compound layer of plasma nitriding can delay the nucleation of heat cracks and hold back the propagation of heat cracks from surface to substrate because of its high hardness and strength. On the other land, the heat checking expands faster with the compound layer on the surface than that without it. After 3000 cycles of thermal fatigue test, both heat cracks with the compound layer are wider than the another without compound layer and the number of heat cracks of the former is more from the view of cross section.