Microglial depletion impairs glial scar formation and aggravates inflammation partly by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in astrocytes after spinal cord injury

Astrocytes and microglia play an orchestrated role following spinal cord injury;however,the molecular mechanisms through which microglia regulate astrocytes after spinal cord injury are not yet fully understood.Herein,microglia were pharmacologically depleted and the effects on the astrocytic response were examined.We further explored the potential mechanisms involving the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway.For in vivo experiments,we constructed a contusion spinal cord injury model in C57BL/6 mice.To deplete microglia,all mice were treated with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397,starting 2 weeks prior to surgery until they were sacrificed.Cell proliferation was examined by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine(EdU)and three pivotal inflammatory cytokines were detected by a specific Bio-Plex Pro^(TM) Reagent Kit.Locomotor function,neuroinflammation,astrocyte activation and phosphorylated STAT3(pSTAT3,a maker of activation of STAT3 signaling)levels were determined.For in vitro experiments,a microglia and astrocyte coculture system was established,and the small molecule STA21,which blocks STAT3 activation,was applied to investigate whether STAT3 signaling is involved in mediating astrocyte proliferation induced by microglia.PLX3397 administration disrupted glial scar formation,increased inflammatory spillover,induced diffuse tissue damage and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Microglial depletion markedly reduced EdU+proliferating cells,especially proliferating astrocytes at 7 days after spinal cord injury.RNA sequencing analysis showed that the JAK/STAT3 pathway was downregulated in mice treated with PLX3397.Double immunofluorescence staining confirmed that PLX3397 significantly decreased STAT3 expression in astrocytes.Importantly,in vitro coculture of astrocytes and microglia showed that microglia-induced astrocyte proliferation was abolished by STA21 administration.These findings suggest that microglial depletion impaired astrocyte proliferation and astrocytic scar formation,and induced inflammatory diffusion partly by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in astrocytes following spinal cord injury.

Tyrosine 23 Phosphorylation of Annexin A2 Promotes Proliferation,Invasion,and Stat3 Phosphorylation in the Nucleus of Human Breast Cancer SK-BR-3 Cells

Objective To investigate the role of tyrosine 23 （Tyr23） phosphorylation of Annexin A2 （Anxa2） in regulating the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells. Methods A panel of lentivirus plasmids expressing Anxa2-wide type （Ana2-WT）, Anxa2-Y23A, and Anxa2-Y23D was generated and infected with SK-BR-3 cells. The monoclonal strains were screened. The expression of Anxa2-WT, Anxa2-Y23A, and Anxa2-Y23D was determined by Western blot analysis. The ability of the cells to proliferate was detected through an MTT [3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test. Boyden chamber assays were employed to examine migration and invasion abilities. The interaction between Anxa2 and Stat3 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation analyses. Nucleoprotein and cytosolic protein were extracted from SK-BR-3, Anxa2-WT, Anxa2-Y23A, and Anxa2-Y23D cells to analyze the expression and localization of Stat3 phosphorylation. Results The monoclonal strains constitutively expressing Anxa2-WT, Anxa2-Y23A, and Anxa2-Y23D were screened. Both Anxa2-WT and Anxa2-Y23D enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of SK-BR-3 cells （P〈0.05）. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Anxa2 and Stat3 interacted with each other, and the expression of Stat3 phosphorylation in the nucleus was enhanced by Anxa2-Y23D. Conclusions Tyr23 phosphorylation of Anxa2 promotes the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells and the phosphorylation of Stat3 in the nucleus.

Garcinol suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing abrogation of STAT3 phosphorylation,acetylation and dimerization

OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third cause of global cancer mortality.Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)is commonly observed in tumor cells and is a critical mediator of on cogenic signaling in HCC and controls the expression of several genes involved in proliferation,survival,metastasis and angiogenesis.Current drug-targeted therapies,besides being expensive,are associated with serious side effects and morbidity.Thus,novel agents that can suppress STAT3 activation have potential for both prevention and treatment of HCC.In the present report,we investigated whether the potent HAT/KAT inhibitor,garcinol,(apolyisoprenylatedbenzophenone),could suppress STAT3 activation in HCC cells and in nude mice model.METHODS The effect of garcinol on HCC cell lines wasdetermined by MTT assay,immunoblotting,DNA binding assays,immuno-fluorescenceand immune-histochemical analysis.The effect of garcinolon the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo was also investigated using HCCxenograft tumor modelin athymic nu/nu mice.RESULTS We found that garcinol could inhibit constitutive STAT3 activation in a dose-and time-dependent manner both by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and acetylation in HCC cells.When investigated for molecular mechanism(s),we found that garcinol interferes with the dimer formation of STAT3 thereby inhibits its nuclear localization.Computational modeling showed that garcinol could bind to the SH2 domain of STAT3 and suppresses its dimerization in vitro.To understand the cellular mechanism(s)of inhibition of STAT3 function by garcinol,we observed that upon inhibition of STAT3 dimerization bygarcinol,STAT3 DNA binding ability gets repressed.The inhibition of STAT3 activation by garcinol led to the suppression of various gene products involved in proliferation,survival,and angiogenesis.Finally,when administered i.p.,garcinol inhibited the growth of human HCC xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu mice.CONCLUSION Results frominvitroand in vivo studies suggest that garcinol exerts its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through suppression of STAT3 signaling cascade in HCC by inhibiting its phosphorylation,acetylation and ultimately dimerization.

Physalin B reduce secretion of Aβ by inhibiting phosphorylation of STAT3 via down-regulated expression of β-secretase and γ-secretase

OBJECTIVE Extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ) plaques are one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease(AD). Therefore, decreasing Aβ levels is one strategyfor preventing the etiology of AD. Aβ peptides are generated from the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein(APP) by the β-secretase(BACE1) and γ-secretase(PS1). Inhibition of these secretases represents an obvious logical strategy to inhibit the generation of Aβ. In addition, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) is known to regulate many genes, and to significantly affect Aβ generation by controlling BACE1 and PS1 expression. Physalin B(PB), one of the major active steroidal constituents of solanaceaephysalis plants, possesses a wide variety of biological activities. PB down-regulates BACE1 and PS1 expression while it is unclear whether PB can regulate Aβ in N2 a/APPswe cells, and if so, whether it is by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3. METHODS N2 a/APPswe cells were treated with PB in different concentrations for 24 h.(1) We used CCK8 method to detect the effects of different concentrations of PB on cell viability, and selected the best concentration for drug treatment to the cells.(2)The contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were determined by ELISA.(3) Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of p-STAT3 and APP metabolism-related proteins, including APP, CTFα, CTFβ, BACE1,PS1, ADAM10 and so on.(4) RT-PCR was performed to detected the m RNA expression of BACE1 and PS1.(5) β-secretase activity Fluorometric assay kit was used to analyzed β-secretase activity.(6) In order to further explore the underlying mechanisms, N2 a/APPswe cells were pre-treated with 100 μmol·L-1 S3 I-201(a STAT3 inhibitor,can effectively prevent STAT3 phosphorylation) for 30 min and then treated with 3 μmol·L-1 PB incubated for 24 h. Then we evaluated the level of expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 by Western blotting. RESULTS(1) CCK8 experiment results illustrated that PB did not show cytotoxicity at the applied concentration when cells were treated with PB(0, 0.3, 1 and 3 μmol·L-1). So, we used these concentrations in the following experiment.(2) ELISA results showed, compared to the control group, the contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42 decreased with the increasing of PB concentration.(3)According to Western blotting results, PB significant down-regulated the expression of BACE1, PS1, APP, CTFβ and p-STAT3 compared to the control group.(4) RT-PCR results indicated that PB can reduced the m RNA expression of BACE1 and PS1 effectively.(5) It turns out that PB can significantly inhibit BACE1 activity tested by BACE1 activity Fluorometric assay kit.(6) S3 I-201 had a similar manner to significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation with PB through Western blotting. Moreover, co-treated with S3 I-201 and PB inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation much more than treatment with S3 I-201 alone. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PB can effectively inhibit the expression of BACE1 and PS1 to reduce Aβ secretion by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Interaction of IL-22/IL-22R1 promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of colorectal cancer via phosphorylation of STAT3

Interleukin-22(IL-22)is a member of IL-10 cytokine family which is expressed in activated T cells predominantly and in activated natural killer cells at lower levels.Previous studies have demonstrated the link between elevated levels of IL-22 and disease severity of psoriasis,Crohn’s disease,rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung diseases.However,the function of IL-22 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer(CRC)remains elusive.In this study,we first evaluated the IL-22/IL-22R1 level in CRC patients,and found that tumor tissues have more active expression of IL-22 and IL-22R1 than normal tissues,presenting correlation with the degree of differentiation of tumor tissues.Subsequently,caspase and cell viability assays were performed on SW-480 cell line,which expresses high level of IL-22R1,to examine if the supplementation of IL-22 has an impact on apoptosis and proliferation.In comparison with treatment of 5-FU,supplementation of IL-22 promoted cell proliferation and ameliorated apoptosis.To unveil signal transduction upon activation of IL-22R,we examined the phosphorylation of STAT3 in SW-480 cell line following supplementation of IL-22.The treatment of IL-22 also increased the level of p-Akt,an essential component in PI3K/Akt pathway.Although the link between STAT3 phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt activation remains to be explored,our study revealed the mechanism underlying the effects of IL-22R activation on apoptosis as well as tumor differentiation,indicating the prognostic value of IL-22/IL-22R.

The inhibitory effects of STAT3 phosphorylation on mitochondrial function of osteoblasts

Osteoporosis(OP)is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass,reduced bone density,and destruction of bone microstructures,which resulting in an increased brittleness and susceptibility to fractures.The incidence of osteoporosis is associated with aging and some genetical and physiology abnormalities.With the accelerated growth of aged population in China,a large group of population has reduced bone density.The mid-aged and senior people are highly susceptible to osteoporosis.While some young people who have irregular dietary schedule and unhealthy life style might cause increased rate of osteoporosis.Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)is a transcription factor ubiquitously expressed in somatic and stem cells such as tumor cells,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and osteocytes.STAT3 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation differentiation,apoptosis,and other physiological functions.The results of relevant animal experiments and clinical trials showed that abnormal expression of STAT3 would affect normal bone development.

IL-17 induces NSCLC cell migration and invasion by elevating MMP19 gene transcription and expression through the interaction of p300-dependent STAT3-K631 acetylation and its Y705-phosphorylation

The cancer cell metastasis is a major death reason for patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Although researchers have disclosed that interleukin 17(IL-17)can increase matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)induction causing NSCLC cell metastasis,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In the study,we found that IL-17 receptor A(IL-17RA),p300,p-STAT3,Ack-STAT3,and MMP19 were up-regulated both in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cells stimulated with IL-17.p300,STAT3 and MMP19 overexpression or knockdown could raise or reduce IL-17-induced p-STAT3,Ack-STAT3 and MMP19 level as well as the cell migration and invasion.Mechanism investigation revealed that STAT3 and p300 bound to the same region(−544 to−389 nt)of MMP19 promoter,and p300 could acetylate STAT3-K631 elevating STAT3 transcriptional activity,p-STAT3 or MMP19 expression and the cell mobility exposed to IL-17.Meanwhile,p300-mediated STAT3-K631 acetylation and its Y705-phosphorylation could interact,synergistically facilitating MMP19 gene transcription and enhancing cell migration and invasion.Besides,the animal experiments exhibited that the nude mice inoculated with NSCLC cells by silencing p300,STAT3 or MMP19 gene plus IL-17 treatment,the nodule number,and MMP19,Ack-STAT3,or p-STAT3 production in the lung metastatic nodules were all alleviated.Collectively,these outcomes uncover that IL-17-triggered NSCLC metastasis involves up-regulating MMP19 expression via the interaction of STAT3-K631 acetylation by p300 and its Y705-phosphorylation,which provides a new mechanistic insight and potential strategy for NSCLC metastasis and therapy.

Biochemical dissection of STAT3 signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons,clinically marked by muscle atrophy and weakness.Although the clinical course is highly variable,the average time from the onset of symptoms to the need for respiratory support or death is 3-5 years.ALS is the most prevalent motor neuron disease in adults,occurring at a rate of 2 per 100,000 individuals and affecting 5.4 per 100,000 individuals overall.

Stat3蛋白氨基端转录激活结构域的鉴定

Stat3是一个在调控胚胎发育、细胞增殖、凋亡、炎症反应和血管生成等多种生理过程发挥关键作用的重要转录因子。Stat3蛋白有Stat3α和缺少羧基端转录激活结构域的Stat3β两个剪接异构体。Stat3基因纯合缺失突变的小鼠在早期胚胎死亡。表达Stat3β可逆转Stat3纯合缺失突变小鼠的胚胎致死表型,并可诱导其下游基因的短期表达,然而其潜在的转录激活结构域一直没有被测定和证实。为进一步解析Stat3蛋白的结构和功能,本研究构建并在酵母中表达了一系列Stat3蛋白的截短体,利用酵母双杂交和双荧光素酶报告基因实验,在酵母和哺乳动物细胞中证实了Stat3蛋白的第2~11位短肽(aa2-11)具有转录激活的作用。这一发现为表达Stat3β逆转Stat3基因缺失引起小鼠胚胎致死表型提供了一种可能的解释,也进一步加深了对Stat3蛋白结构和功能的了解和认识。

miR-519b-3p调控IL-6/STAT3通路对宫颈癌细胞凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的探讨miR-519b-3p调控IL-6/信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)通路对宫颈癌细胞(SiHa)凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响。方法qRT-PCR检测miR-519b-3p在宫颈癌组织中的表达。SiHa细胞分为miR-NC组、miR-519b-3p组、miR-NC+RhIL-6组、miR-519b-3p+RhIL-6组。流式细胞术评估SiHa细胞凋亡率,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭情况。Western blotting检测B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-cadherin、Bcl相关x蛋白(Bax)、STAT3和p-STAT3蛋白水平。结果与癌旁组织比较,宫颈癌组织miR-519b-3p表达下调(P<0.05)。SiHa细胞凋亡率、Bax和E-cadherin蛋白水平miR-519b-3p组高于miR-NC组,miR-NC+RhIL-6组低于miR-NC组,miR-519b-3p+RhIL-6组低于miR-519b-3p组(P<0.05)。SiHa细胞迁移数、侵袭数、Bcl-2、N-cadherin、p-STAT3蛋白水平miR-519b-3p组低于miR-NC组,miR-NC+RhIL-6组高于miR-NC组,miR-519b-3p+RhIL-6组高于miR-519b-3p组(P<0.05)。结论miR-519b-3p通过抑制IL-6/STAT3通路来抑制宫颈癌细胞迁移和侵袭,并增加细胞凋亡。

miR-495-3p靶向BUB1调控STAT3信号通路对食管癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨miR-495-3p靶向苯并咪唑出芽抑制解除同源物蛋白1(BUB1)调控信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路对食管癌细胞生物学行为的影响。方法 使用cDNA芯片技术筛选出食管癌组织和正常组织差异表达基因,并用生物信息学方法进行分析。运用TargetScan数据库对miRNA的靶基因进行预测,并用双荧光素酶报告基因检测技术进行验证。将KYSE150细胞分为空白对照组、NC mimics组和miR-495-3p mimics组。通过细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)检测细胞增殖活力。用流式细胞术测定细胞周期和凋亡。通过定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)测定BUB1 mRNA的表达水平。通过蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)测量BUB1、STAT3、磷酸化(p)-STAT3、细胞周期蛋白B1(CCNB1)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)和半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶9(Caspase-9)蛋白水平。用划痕和Transwell小室实验测定细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。结果 差异表达基因参与生物学过程、信号通路和网络构建主要与细胞周期相关,BUB1是关键的核心(Hub)基因,miR-495-3p靶向调控BUB1。体外实验表明,过表达miR-495-3p能显着抑制食管癌细胞的生长、迁移和侵袭,诱导细胞凋亡和G2/M期阻滞。过表达miR-495-3p处理后,食管癌细胞中Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达量升高(P<0.01),而Bcl-2、BUB1、CCNB1、CDK1、p-STAT3表达量降低(P<0.01)。STAT3信号通路也被发现在此过程中发挥着重要作用。结论 miR-495-3p可能通过下调BUB1介导STAT3信号通路影响食管癌细胞的生物学行为。

miR-21-3p靶向STAT3促进银屑病角质形成细胞增殖的研究

目的探讨miR-21-3p及其靶蛋白信号转导子和转录激活子3蛋白(STAT3)在寻常型银屑病发生过程中角质形成细胞的作用意义。方法对皮肤组织中STAT3蛋白表达情况的检测选择免疫组织化学法,对健康人群皮肤组织及银屑病患者皮损组织miR-21-3p表达量的检测选择实时荧光定量PCR法,靶基因STAT3和miR-21-3p关系的检测选择双荧光素酶报告基因。化学合成miR-21-3p模拟物、抑制剂,瞬时转染HaCaT细胞,对不同分组细胞进行CCK8、流式细胞凋亡实验,探究分析miR-21-3p调控细胞表型主要作用。对于转染细胞中STAT3蛋白表达情况,选择Western Blot检测。结果寻常型银屑病患者皮肤组织中miR-21-3p呈高表达(P<0.05)。STAT3免疫组化阳性表达定位于细胞浆,在银屑病组患者皮损组织阳性表达率为82.22%(37/45)高于正常皮肤组织(P<0.01)。双荧光素酶报告基因显示miR-21-3p与STAT3存在结合,呈靶向关系。miR-21-3p mimics促进HaCaT细胞增殖活性,抑制细胞凋亡;miR-21-3p inhibitor抑制HaCaT细胞的增殖能力,促使细胞趋向凋亡。miR-21-3p转染HaCaT过表达可对STAT3蛋白表达量产生促进,相反则降低(F=48.632,P<0.01)。结论miR-21-3p呈现正调控关系,能够靶向调控STAT3;两者共同作用参与并加重银屑病的病程,并抑制患者细胞凋亡,调节角质形成细胞增殖活性。

清肠汤调节HGF/STAT3/NF-κB通路保护小鼠溃疡性结肠炎

目的研究清肠汤(Qingchang decoction,QCD)对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)小鼠的保护作用以及对HGF/STAT3/NF-κB通路的影响。方法将40只C57BL/6小鼠分为正常组、葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)组、柳氮磺吡啶组(SASP)100 mg/kg、清肠汤组18 g/kg,除正常对照组以外的各组小鼠自由饮用2.5%的DSS溶液7 d,后替换为正常饮用水。正常对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水灌胃,其余各组灌胃相应药物。每天观察小鼠一般状况、体质量变化,10 d后处死小鼠,测量结肠长度,对结肠组织进行组织形态学分析,ELISA法测定小鼠结肠组织中的TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的浓度,Western blot、免疫荧光检测HGF、p-STAT3、p-NF-κB的表达水平。结果清肠汤可显著增加小鼠体质量和结肠长度,降低结肠病理评分,显著减少结肠TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的浓度,减低结肠组织HGF、p-STAT3、p-NF-κB的表达水平。结论清肠汤可能通过调节HGF/STAT3/NF-κB通路治疗DSS诱导的UC小鼠。

基于STAT3信号通路研究柠檬苦素对胃癌模型小鼠免疫因子表达的影响

目的 分析柠檬苦素对胃癌小鼠模型免疫因子表达的影响并探索其作用机制。方法 选取50只SPF级小鼠,随机分为5组各10只,构建MFC胃癌荷瘤模型,建模成功后随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组并给予对应药物灌胃,1次/d,连续14 d。计算脾指数、胸腺指数及抑瘤率;流式细胞术检测CD4^(+)、CD8^(+) T细胞及其比值;酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清免疫因子白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-10、干扰素(IFN)-γ的表达水平;免疫组化法检测胃癌组织磷酸化信号转导与转录激活因子(p-STAT3)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9阳性表达率;Western印迹法检测胃癌细胞STAT3磷酸化水平。结果 与模型组相比,阳性对照组脾指数、胸腺指数显著降低(P<0.05),柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组脾指数、胸腺指数显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,阳性对照组、柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组抑瘤率均显著增加(P<0.05)。柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组CD4^(+)、CD8^(+) T淋巴细胞百分数和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值较模型组显著上升(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,阳性对照组IL-2、IL-10水平显著下降,IFN-γ显著上升(P<0.05);而柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组IL-2、IFN-γ水平显著增加,IL-10显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,阳性对照组及柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组p-STAT3、MMP-9的阳性表达率均显著下降(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,阳性对照组及柠檬苦素低、中、高剂量组第705位点酪氨酸的磷酸化STAT3蛋白(pTyr^(705)-STAT3)水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 柠檬苦素能抑制胃癌小鼠模型肿瘤组织的发展,这与其提高小鼠免疫水平与抑制STAT3通路激活密切相关。

木兰花碱调控CD44s/STAT3通路对肺癌细胞迁移、侵袭及干性特征的影响实验研究

目的:探讨木兰花碱(Mag)对肺癌细胞迁移、侵袭、干性特征的影响及其作用机制。方法:使用不同浓度的Mag(0、10、20、40、80、160μmol/L)作用于肺癌细胞A549,检测细胞存活率,根据半抑制浓度(IC 50)值选择10、20、40μmol/L Mag进行后续实验。将肺癌细胞A549随机分为A549组、Mag-L组(10μmol/L Mag培养基培养)、Mag-M组(20μmol/L Mag培养基培养)、Mag-H组(40μmol/L Mag培养基培养)和Mag-H+信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)激活剂Colivelin组(40μmol/L Mag+10μmol/L Colivelin培养基培养)。采用平板克隆形成实验检测各组细胞克隆形成数量。采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率。采用Transwell实验检测各组细胞迁移及侵袭能力。采用肿瘤细胞成球实验检测细胞干性。采用Western blot检测各组细胞CD44s/STAT3通路及细胞干性相关蛋白表达。结果:与A549组比较,Mag-L组、Mag-M组、Mag-H组细胞克隆形成数量、迁移及侵袭细胞数、干细胞成球数和细胞中CD44s、STAT3、CD133、八聚体结合转录因子4(OCT4)、SRY-box转录因子2(SOX2)表达水平逐渐降低,而细胞凋亡率逐渐升高(均P<0.05)。在高浓度Mag的基础上加入STAT3激活剂Colivelin逆转了以上指标的变化趋势。结论:Mag能够抑制肺癌细胞迁移、侵袭及干性特征,其机制可能与下调CD44s/STAT3通路有关。

静态磁场通过激活FGFR1/JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活性和迁移表型

目的:通过体外实验探讨静态磁场(SMF)对皮肤成纤维细胞增殖活性和迁移表型的调控作用与潜在机制。方法:将人皮肤成纤维细胞(HSFs)分为5组,包括对照组、SMF组、SMF+阿魏酸组、SMF+芦可替尼组、SMF+Stattic组。对照组为正常培养的HSFs;SMF组的HSFs细胞暴露于1mT的SMF中。其余三组分别将FGFR1、JAK2、STAT3的抑制剂(3μmoL/L阿魏酸、3nmoL/L芦可替尼、20μmoL/L的Stattic)与HSFs一起预培养,并暴露于1mT的SMF中,所有组均处理24h。用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)分析细胞的增殖活性。用ELISA试剂盒法检测人类B细胞淋巴瘤2相关X蛋白(BAX)的水平。用Western blot检测凋亡标志蛋白cleaved-caspase3及FGFR1、JAK2、STAT3、磷酸化的(p)-FGFR1、p-JAK2、p-STAT3的表达以及细胞迁移相关表型高迁移率组蛋白1(HMGB1)、波形蛋白(vimentin)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、MMP-2的表达。结果:与对照组比,SMF组的细胞增殖活性增加,BAX的水平减少,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平下调,p-FGFR1、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达水平均显著上调(均P<0.05)。与SMF组比,SMF+阿魏酸组的细胞增殖活性降低,BAX的水平增加,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平上调,而p-FGFR1、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达均显著下调(均P<0.05)。与SMF组比,SMF+芦可替尼组的细胞增殖活性降低,BAX的水平增加,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平上调,JAK2、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达水平均显著下调(均P<0.05)。与SMF组比,SMF+Stattic组的细胞增殖活性降低,BAX的水平增加,cleaved-caspase3的蛋白表达水平上调,STAT3、p-STAT3、HMGB1、vimentin、VEGFA、MMP-9、MMP-2的表达水平均显著下调(均P<0.05)。结论:SMF通过激活FGFR1/JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活性和迁移表型。

纤维粘连蛋白靶向JAK/STAT3信号通路调控粘连性肠梗阻的机制

目的:探究纤维粘连蛋白(FN)靶向JAK/STAT3信号通路调控粘连性肠梗阻的作用机制。方法:选取2019年1月—2020年12月就诊行肠切除手术的粘连性肠梗阻患者65例(观察组),同期行腹股沟疝手术患者65例(对照组),取患者肠组织及术前血液样本,采用qRT-PCR、Western blot及免疫组织化学实验检测肠组织样本中FN、STAT3、p-STAT3基因及蛋白表达,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清样本中FN表达。体外培养人肠上皮细胞系HIEC-6,采用慢病毒转染抑制细胞FN表达,采用CCK8、Transwell迁移实验观察FN对细胞增殖及分化的影响,同时采用qRT-PCR、Western Blot实验检测FN对细胞STAT3、p-STAT3表达的影响。结果:与对照组比较,观察组肠组织中FN mRNA及蛋白表达明显较高(P<0.05),STAT3、p-STAT3 mRNA及蛋白表达则明显较低(P<0.05),且观察组血清中分泌型FN含量也明显较高(P<0.05)。体外实验显示,与NC siRNA组HIEC-6细胞比较,LV-FN siRNA组HIEC-6细胞在48、72、96、120 h的增殖率均明显较低(P<0.05),细胞迁移能力也明显较低(P<0.05),其FN mRNA及蛋白表达明显较低(P<0.05),STAT3、p-STAT3 mRNA及蛋白则明显较高(P<0.05)。结论:纤维粘连蛋白在粘连性肠梗阻患者肠组织及血清中呈明显高表达,可通过JAK/STAT3信号通路的异常激活影响细胞的增殖和迁移,引起病变肠段发病。

基于Hepcidin和JAK2/STAT3信号通路探讨通痹颗粒 对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠的影响

目的研究通痹颗粒对胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠铁调素(hepcidin,Hepc)、Janus激酶(janus kinase,JAK)2/信号转导子和转录激活子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)3信号通路的影响。方法选取36只雌性SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、阳性对照组和通痹颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组6只。空白组不予处理,其余组用牛Ⅱ型胶原建立CIA模型。造模完成后,空白组、模型组予生理盐水灌胃,其余各组分别以巴瑞替尼片和低、中、高剂量通痹颗粒灌胃。每天1次,连续4周。HE染色行滑膜组织病理学观察;酶联免疫吸附法测定血清Hepc、白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)水平;逆转录-聚合酶链反应法测定滑膜中JAK2、STAT3、细胞信号因子传导抑制体(suppressor of cytokine signaling,SOCS)1、SOCS3的mRNA相对表达量;Western blot法检测滑膜中JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3、SOCS1、SOCS3的蛋白表达量。结果模型组见滑膜上皮结构缺损,滑膜重度增生,排列紊乱,并有大量炎症细胞浸润和多个血管翳形成;各给药组滑膜炎症均有所减轻,阳性对照组优于通痹颗粒高剂量组,通痹颗粒中、高剂量组优于低剂量组。与模型组相比,各给药组关节炎指数评分、血清Hepc和IL-6水平均显著降低(P<0.01);与阳性对照组相比,通痹颗粒中、低剂量组关节炎指数评分、血清Hepc和IL-6水平均升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,阳性对照组和通痹颗粒低、中、高剂量组JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白以及p-JAK2、p-STAT3的蛋白表达量均降低(P<0.05),而通路抑制因子SOCS1、SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达均升高(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,通痹颗粒各剂量组JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白以及p-JAK2、p-STAT3的蛋白表达量均升高(P<0.05),而SOCS1、SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达均降低(P<0.05)。结论通痹颗粒能够改善CIA大鼠滑膜炎症,其机制可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路而减少Hepc的表达有关。

颠倒散对玫瑰痤疮小鼠炎症反应及IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB通路的影响

目的探讨颠倒散(DDS)对玫瑰痤疮小鼠炎症反应、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)/信号转导子及转录激活因子3(STAT3)/核转录因子κB(NF-κB)通路的影响。方法皮内注射LL37建立玫瑰痤疮小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、DDS低剂量(DDS-L,0.5 g/mL DDS)、中剂量(DDS-M,1 g/mL DDS)、高剂量(DDS-H,2 g/mL DDS)组及DDS-H+重组IL-6蛋白(rIL-6)组(2 g/mL DDS+0.1 mg/kg rIL-6),并以皮内注射相同部位生理盐水的小鼠为对照组,每天1次,干预7 d;干预结束后,对小鼠注射部位皮肤红斑进行评分及面积测定;收集皮损组织,ELISA检测IL-6、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),HE染色观察皮损组织病理学变化,甲苯胺蓝检测肥大细胞浸润,免疫组化检测CD4 T阳性细胞数,Western blot检测IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠注射部位皮肤组织损伤严重,皮肤红斑评分及红斑面积增加,皮损组织中IL-6、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平增高,肥大细胞浸润数、CD4 T阳性细胞数增加,IL-6、STAT3及NF-κB蛋白表达显著增加(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,DDS-L组、DDS-M组、DDS-H组病理损伤不同程度减轻,皮肤红斑评分及红斑面积减小,皮损组织中IL-6、IFN-γ及TNF-α水平降低,肥大细胞浸润数、CD4 T阳性细胞数减少,IL-6、STAT3及NF-κB蛋白表达显著降低(P均<0.05),不同剂量DDS组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);rIL-6逆转了对DDS-H对玫瑰痤疮小鼠的保护作用。结论DDS减少玫瑰痤疮小鼠的炎症反应,可能与抑制IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB通路有关。

藏红花素通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路减轻脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马神经元损伤

目的研究藏红花素(CRO)对脑缺血再灌注(CI/R)大鼠海马神经元损伤的影响并探索其潜在机制。方法将144只雄性SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术(Sham)组,模型(CI/R)组,CRO低、中、高剂量(CRO-L、CRO-M、CRO-H)组和尼莫地平(NMP)组6组,每组24只。采用线栓法制备CI/R大鼠模型,各组分别于造模前7 d开始1次/d腹腔注射(ip)给药(CRO-L、CRO-M、CRO-H组分别ip给药10、20、40 mg/kg,NMP组ip给药1 mg/kg,Sham组和CI/R组ip给予生理盐水5 mL/kg)。再灌注24 h后,通过Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力,TTC染色检测脑梗死率,HE染色法行海马CA1区和CA3区神经元病理学检查,TUNEL染色法行海马CA1区和CA3区神经元凋亡检查,ELISA法检测海马组织白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,Western blot法检测海马组织Janus激酶2/信号转导与转录激活子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路相关蛋白相对表达量。结果与Sham组比较,CI/R组学习记忆能力明显降低,脑梗死率明显升高(P<0.05);海马CA1区和CA3区神经元呈现数量减少、间隙增大、空泡样变、核膜核仁边界模糊、炎性细胞浸润等病理改变,凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05);海马组织IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量明显升高(P<0.05);p-JAK2、p-STAT3、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、激活型半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cleaved Caspase-3)相对表达量和p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、Bax/Bcl-2表达比值均明显升高,Bcl-2相对表达量明显降低(P<0.05)。与CI/R组比较,CRO-M组、CRO-H组和NMP组大鼠学习记忆能力显著改善、脑梗死率明显降低(P<0.05);海马CA1区和CA3区神经元病理学改变明显改善、凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05);海马组织IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量明显降低(P<0.05);p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HMGB1、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3相对表达量和p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、Bax/Bcl-2表达比值均明显降低(P<0.05)。CRO上述作用呈现一定的剂量依赖性,且CRO-H组对CI/R大鼠学习记忆能力、海马CA1区和CA3区神经元病理学改变和凋亡率、炎症因子含量、JAK2/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响显著优于NMP组(P<0.05)。结论CRO可能通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路活化,减轻炎症和神经元凋亡,从而对CI/R大鼠海马神经元损伤起到保护作用。