This study aims to explore new categorization that characterizes the distribution clusters of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(VAT and SAT)measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),to analyze the relationsh...This study aims to explore new categorization that characterizes the distribution clusters of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(VAT and SAT)measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),to analyze the relationship between the VAT-SAT distribution patterns and the novel body shape descriptors(BSDs),and to develop a classifier to predict the fat distribution clusters using the BSDs.In the study,66 male and 54 female participants were scanned by MRI and a stereovision body imaging(SBI)to measure participants’abdominal VAT and SAT volumes and the BSDs.A fuzzy c-means algorithm was used to form the inherent grouping clusters of abdominal fat distributions.A support-vector-machine(SVM)classifier,with an embedded feature selection scheme,was employed to determine an optimal subset of the BSDs for predicting internal fat distributions.A fivefold cross-validation procedure was used to prevent over-fitting in the classification.The classification results of the BSDs were compared with those of the traditional anthropometric measurements and the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry(DXA)measurements.Four clusters were identified for abdominal fat distributions:(1)low VAT and SAT,(2)elevated VAT and SAT,(3)higher SAT,and(4)higher VAT.The cross-validation accuracies of the traditional anthropometric,DXA and BSD measurements were 85.0%,87.5% and 90%,respectively.Compared to the traditional anthropometric and DXA measurements,the BSDs appeared to be effective and efficient in predicting abdominal fat distributions.展开更多
For the task of visual-based automatic product image classification for e-commerce,this paper constructs a set of support vector machine(SVM) classifiers with different model representations.Each base SVM classifier i...For the task of visual-based automatic product image classification for e-commerce,this paper constructs a set of support vector machine(SVM) classifiers with different model representations.Each base SVM classifier is trained with either different types of features or different spatial levels.The probability outputs of these SVM classifiers are concatenated into feature vectors for training another SVM classifier with a Gaussian radial basis function(RBF) kernel.This scheme achieves state-of-the-art average accuracy of 86.9%for product image classification on the public product dataset PI 100.展开更多
Brain-to-brain interfaces(BtBIs) hold exciting potentials for direct communication between individual brains. However,technical challenges often limit their performance in rapid information transfer. Here, we demonstr...Brain-to-brain interfaces(BtBIs) hold exciting potentials for direct communication between individual brains. However,technical challenges often limit their performance in rapid information transfer. Here, we demonstrate an optical brain-to-brain interface that transmits information regarding locomotor speed from one mouse to another and allows precise, real-time control of locomotion across animals with high information transfer rate. We found that the activity of the genetically identified neuromedin B(NMB) neurons within the nucleus incertus(NI) precisely predicts and critically controls locomotor speed. By optically recording Ca2+ signals from the NI of a "Master" mouse and converting them to patterned optogenetic stimulations of the NI of an "Avatar" mouse, the Bt BI directed the Avatar mice to closely mimic the locomotion of their Masters with information transfer rate about two orders of magnitude higher than previous Bt BIs. These results thus provide proof-of-concept that optical Bt BIs can rapidly transmit neural information and control dynamic behaviors across individuals.展开更多
文摘This study aims to explore new categorization that characterizes the distribution clusters of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(VAT and SAT)measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),to analyze the relationship between the VAT-SAT distribution patterns and the novel body shape descriptors(BSDs),and to develop a classifier to predict the fat distribution clusters using the BSDs.In the study,66 male and 54 female participants were scanned by MRI and a stereovision body imaging(SBI)to measure participants’abdominal VAT and SAT volumes and the BSDs.A fuzzy c-means algorithm was used to form the inherent grouping clusters of abdominal fat distributions.A support-vector-machine(SVM)classifier,with an embedded feature selection scheme,was employed to determine an optimal subset of the BSDs for predicting internal fat distributions.A fivefold cross-validation procedure was used to prevent over-fitting in the classification.The classification results of the BSDs were compared with those of the traditional anthropometric measurements and the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry(DXA)measurements.Four clusters were identified for abdominal fat distributions:(1)low VAT and SAT,(2)elevated VAT and SAT,(3)higher SAT,and(4)higher VAT.The cross-validation accuracies of the traditional anthropometric,DXA and BSD measurements were 85.0%,87.5% and 90%,respectively.Compared to the traditional anthropometric and DXA measurements,the BSDs appeared to be effective and efficient in predicting abdominal fat distributions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70890083) the Project of National Innovation Fund for Technology Based Firms (No.09c26222123243)
文摘For the task of visual-based automatic product image classification for e-commerce,this paper constructs a set of support vector machine(SVM) classifiers with different model representations.Each base SVM classifier is trained with either different types of features or different spatial levels.The probability outputs of these SVM classifiers are concatenated into feature vectors for training another SVM classifier with a Gaussian radial basis function(RBF) kernel.This scheme achieves state-of-the-art average accuracy of 86.9%for product image classification on the public product dataset PI 100.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015BAI08B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91432114 and 91632302)the Beijing Municipal Government。
文摘Brain-to-brain interfaces(BtBIs) hold exciting potentials for direct communication between individual brains. However,technical challenges often limit their performance in rapid information transfer. Here, we demonstrate an optical brain-to-brain interface that transmits information regarding locomotor speed from one mouse to another and allows precise, real-time control of locomotion across animals with high information transfer rate. We found that the activity of the genetically identified neuromedin B(NMB) neurons within the nucleus incertus(NI) precisely predicts and critically controls locomotor speed. By optically recording Ca2+ signals from the NI of a "Master" mouse and converting them to patterned optogenetic stimulations of the NI of an "Avatar" mouse, the Bt BI directed the Avatar mice to closely mimic the locomotion of their Masters with information transfer rate about two orders of magnitude higher than previous Bt BIs. These results thus provide proof-of-concept that optical Bt BIs can rapidly transmit neural information and control dynamic behaviors across individuals.