Effects of Proliferation of CEF with Ginsenoside and Its Derivatives

Objective The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for studying anti-MDV mechanism of ginsenoside and its derivatives in vitro. Method Effects of ginsenoside and its derivatives on proliferation activity of chick embryo fibroblast （CEF） in vitro were determined by using neutral red dye absorption method. Result The results showed the proliferation effects of different drugs are not completely same, and are more obvious with low toxic drugs. Detected at different action times, the differences of OD values was biggest at 72 h when compared with normal control group, while there was no significant difference at 24 h. Conclusion Ginsenoside and its derivatives could promote the proliferation of CEF cells in medium as low concentrations, which have time-dependent characteristic.

Acute and joint toxicity of three agrochemicals to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles

We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stability water tests. Results showed that the three agrochemicals increased tadpole mortality. For acute toxicity, the LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam exposure were 5.37, 4.90 and 4.68 mg/L; 0.035, 0.025 and 0.021 rag/L; 1.74, 1.45 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The safety concentrations （SC） of chlorantraniliprole, fiubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam to the tadpoles were 1.23, 0.30 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Based on these findings, chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were moderately toxic, while flubendiamide-abamectin was highly toxic. All pairwise joint toxicity tests showed moderate toxicity. The LCs0 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure were 7.08, 6.61 and 6.03 mg/L for chlorantra- niliprole＋penoxsulam, with corresponding values of 2.455, 2.328 and 2.183 mg/L for chlorantraniliprole＋flubendiamide-abamectin, and 1.132, 1.084 and 1.050 mg/L for penoxsulam＋flubendiamide-abamectin, with safe concentrations of 1.73, 0.63 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. For toxic evaluations of pairwise combinations of the three agrochemicals, only the joint toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide-abamectin after 24 h was found to be synergistic, whereas all other tests were antagonistic. Our findings provide valuable information on the toxic effects of agrochemicals on amphibians and how various types of agrochemicals can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.

Acute Toxicity of Four Drugs to Larvae of Channa argus

The acute toxicity of 4 drugs, dipterex, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate and formaldehyde to larvae of black-spot hybrid snakehead was tested with the semi hydrostatic test method under water temperature of （28.3± 1.5）℃, pH of（8.01 ±0.12） and dissolved oxygen of （4.6 ±0.5） mg/L. The results showed that 96 h median-lethal concentration （LCso） of copper sulphate was the lowest, 1. 586 mg/L, while 96 h LC50 of formaldehyde was the highest, 115. 159 mg/L. The toxicity of the 4 drugs ranked in the order of copper sulphate, dipterex, potassium permanganate and formaldehyde from high to low. The safe concentrations（SCs） of the 4 drugs were in order of formaldehyde （35. 529 mg/L）, potassium permanganate （ 1. 277 mg/L）, dipterex （ 1. 450 mg/L） and copper sulphate （0.882 mg/L）. According to the rosults,the SCs of dipterex, formaldehyde and copper sulphate were higher than the conventional dosage, they were safe to be used for control of corresponding diseases of Channa argus by the conventional dosage. The SC of potassium permanganate was in the conventional dosage range, so it could be used for control of diseases in accordance with the SC of C. argus to the drug in production.

Susceptibility Test of Culter mongolicus to Several Kinds of Common Drugs

[ Objective ] This study aimed to provide references for reasonable drug administration in Culter mongolicus and promote the development of its breeding industry. [Method] C. mongolicus was administrated with cypermethrin, mebendazole, trichlorfon, cupric sulfate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, povidone iodine and phoxim, respectively, to analyze its susceptibility to different drugs. [ Result] C. mongolicus was very sensitive to cypermethrin; the median tolerance limit （TLM） at 3,8 h was 0. 072mg/L, minimum lethal concentration was 0. 063 - 0. 069 mg,/L, safe concentration was 0. 021 6 mg/L. C. mongolicus was insensitive to mebendazole, trichlorfon, cupric sulfate, trichloroisocyanuric acid and povidone iodine. According to safe concentration of various drugs, C. mongolicus exhibited higher susceptibility to cypermethrin than to phoxim. [ Conclusion] This study laid a solid foundation for better protection and development of C. mongolicus resources.