Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

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Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗支气管哮喘合并肺部感染的临床效果

目的观察沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗支气管哮喘合并肺部感染的临床效果。方法选取2019年1月—2022年6月玉林市红十字会医院收治的支气管哮喘合并肺部感染患者136例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各68例。在常规治疗基础上,对照组予吸入用布地奈德混悬液治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加吸入用硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液治疗,2组均持续治疗2周。比较2组患者的临床疗效、临床表现(呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、气急及哮鸣音)持续时间、治疗前后气道重塑指标[转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、基质金属蛋白酶因子-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)]、治疗前后肺功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)]及不良反应。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率为98.53%,高于对照组的82.35%(χ2=10.291,P=0.001);观察组患者呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、气急以及哮鸣音等表现持续时间均短于对照组(P均<0.01);治疗后,2组血清TGF-β、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平均较治疗前降低,FVC、PEF、FEV 1均较治疗前增加,且观察组变化大于对照组(P均<0.01);观察组患者未出现不良反应,对照组患者中出现轻度头痛1例(1.47%),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P=1.000)。结论沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗支气管哮喘合并肺部感染的临床效果肯定,可促进患者气道重塑和肺功能恢复,且安全性高。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

布地奈德联合沙丁胺醇治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎的临床观察

目的:探讨在沙丁胺醇基础上加用布地奈德治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎的疗效、安全性和经济性。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2014年10月-2016年4月我院毛细支气管炎的住院患儿160例。按入院号顺序,单号为观察组,双号为对照组,各80例。两组患儿均给予常规治疗。对照组患儿给予吸入用硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液0.25 m L加入0.9%氯化钠注射液3 m L,q8 h;观察组患儿给予吸入用布地奈德混悬液2 m L+吸入用硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液0.25 m L加入0.9%氯化钠注射液1 m L,q8 h;两组患儿均采用氧气驱动雾化吸入,均连续治疗5~7 d。观察两组患儿临床症状消失时间、住院时间、临床疗效,比较治疗药品(雾化吸入药品和其他治疗药品)费用,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患儿咳嗽消失时间、喘息消失时间、啰音消失时间、三凹征消失时间和住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患儿的临床总有效率(95.00%)与对照组(92.50%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患儿雾化吸入药品费用[(355.77±10.98)元]明显高于对照组[(26.83±2.86)元],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿常规治疗药品费用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患儿治疗期间均未见明显不良反应发生。结论:在沙丁胺醇基础上雾化吸入布地奈德治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎并不能显著减轻病情、缩短住院时间和提高临床疗效,但增加了治疗费用。

异丙托溴铵联合沙丁胺醇治疗小儿哮喘的效果观察

目的 观察异丙托溴铵联合沙丁胺醇治疗小儿哮喘的效果.方法 随机选取本院收治的5～14岁哮喘患儿156例,将其随机分成两组,其中,对照组80例采用基础治疗和雾化吸入沙丁胺醇治疗,其余76例患儿在上述治疗的基础上联合使用异丙托溴铵进行雾化治疗,并标记为观察组.0.5％沙丁胺醇以微量气泵的方式吸入,每次吸入量为0.02 ml/kg,观察组患儿同时将0.025％的异丙托溴铵溶液0.5 ml与0.9％的氯化钠溶液混合,并以微型气泵吸入,5 ml/次,2次/d,比较两组治疗效果.结果 观察组患儿的显效率为31.6％ （24/76）,明显高于对照组的12.5％ （10/80） （P＜0.05）;观察组的总有效率为89.5％（64/76）,明显高于对照组的70.0％ （56/80）（P＜0.05）;治疗后观察组患儿肺功能明显改善,哮喘发作频率降低,日间、夜间评分情况优于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 联合应用沙丁胺醇和异丙托溴铵能明显降低小儿哮喘的发作频率,提升患儿的生活质量.

支气管哮喘急性发作采用沙丁胺醇、布地奈德联合治疗效果探讨

目的:探讨沙丁胺醇、布地奈德联合治疗支气管哮喘急性发作的临床治疗效果。方法:选取自2015年1月~2015年12月在某院治疗的100例支气管哮喘急性发作患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,其中,对照组患者给予沙丁胺醇治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为98%,对照组总有效率为84%,观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组,观察组患者咳嗽咳痰消失时间、热退时间以及呼吸困难消失时间均显著少于对照组,两组患者的肺部功能明显改善,观察组效果更为明显,具有统计学意义。结论:支气管哮喘急性发作采用沙丁胺醇、布地奈德联合治疗临床治疗效果较好,能够显著改善患者的临床症状和肺部功能,不良反应较少,安全性较好,可临床进一步推广。

爱莎吸乐与喘乐宁气雾剂对哮喘疗效比较的多中心临床研究

目的:比较70例哮喘病人单次吸入爱莎吸乐气雾剂(A组)和喘乐宁气雾剂(B组)的疗效。方珐:采用多中心、随机、对照研究,观察两组哮喘病人分别单次吸入爱莎吸乐或喘乐宁气雾剂后心率、呼吸频率、哮鸣音评分、用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)、1秒钟用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、峰值呼气流速(PEFR)及最大呼气中期流速率(MMEF)动态变化情况,并计算吸药后各时间点上述指标与吸药前比较的变化率。结果:用药前两组病人的年龄、性别、身高、体重、心率、呼吸频率、哮鸣音评分以及肺功能指标FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR和MMEF均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组吸药后各时间点FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR和MMEF均较吸药前增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。吸药后两组相应时间点心率、呼吸频率和哮鸣音评分的变化率比较无明显差异。爱莎吸乐组吸药后多个时间点FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR和MMEF增值率高于喘乐宁组。结论:与吸入喘乐宁气雾剂相比,哮喘病人吸入爱莎吸乐气雾剂后各项肺功能指标的改善较为明显。

Relationship between Fas/ FasL expression and apoptosis of colon adenocarcinoma cell lines

INTRODUCTIONFas/ FasL system has been identified as a keymediator of apoptosis in tumor cells[1-4]. Theoccurrence and development of neoplasm are closelyrelated to apoptosis[5-7] Most chemotherapeuticdrugs kill cancer cells mainly by inducingapoptosis[8-14].'

Combination of "low-dose" ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy followed by interferon alfa-2a monotherapy in chronic HCV-infected nonresponders and relapsers after interferon alfa-2a monotherapy

AIM To report on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of interferon alfa-2a combined with a "low dose" of ribavirin for relapsers and non responders to alpha interferon monotherapy.METHODS Thirty-four chronic hepatitis C virus-infected non-responders to interferon alfa2a monotherapy (a course of at least 3 months treatment) and 13 relapsers to interferon alfa 2a monotherapy (a dose of 3 to 6 million units three times per week for at least 20 weeks but not more than 18 months) were treated with the same dose of interferon alfa-2a used before (3 to 6 million units three times per week) and ribavirin (10 mg/ kg daily) for 6 months. In complete responders, interferon alfa-2a was administered for further 6 months at the same dose used before as monotherapy.RESULTS Seven (20.6%) of 34 non-responders stopped the combined therapy due to adverse events, including two patients with histological and clinical Child A cirrhosis. In 17/27 (63%)non-responders, the combined therapy was stopped after three months because of non-response. Ten of the 27 non-responders completed the 1;2-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 28 months (16- 37 months)after the treatment, 4/10 (15%) previous non-responders still remained complete responders,All 13 previous relapsers completed the 12-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 22months (9 - 36 months) after treatment, 6/13(46%) the previous relapsers were stillsustained complete responders.CONCLUSION Our treatment schedule of the combined therapy for 6 months of interferon alfa2a with a low dose of ribavirin (10 mg/kg/day)followed by 6 months of interferon alfa-2amonotherapy is able to induce a sustainedcomplete response rate in 15% of non-responders and 46% of relapsers with chronic hepatitis C virus-related liver diseases comparable to those obtained with the standarddoses of ribavirin 1000 - 1200 mg/day.Randomized prospective controlled trials using lower total amounts of ribavirin in combination with interferon should be performed.

沙丁胺醇联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗儿童夜遗尿疗效观察

目的观察沙丁胺醇联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗儿童原发性夜遗尿的临床疗效。方法 2013-07/2014-09聊城市儿童医院遗尿专科门诊收治78例原发性夜遗尿患儿,随机分为中药组26例和中西药组52例。两组均结合心理行为疗法,中药组给予醒脾养儿颗粒治疗,治疗2个月;中西药组在服用醒脾养儿颗粒的基础上,加用硫酸沙丁胺醇片口服,治疗2个月。对两组患儿在治疗结束时(近期)及治疗结束后3个月(远期)评估其疗效并进行分析。结果中西药组近期及远期总有效率分别为86.6%(45/52)、82.7%(43/52),均高于中药组65.4%(17/26)、61.6%(16/26),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙丁胺醇联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗儿童夜遗尿起效快,停药后复发率低,疗效肯定,值得临床推广。

HCV-RNA positivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic HCV-infection: does it really mean viral replication?

AIM To analyze the association of HCV-RNA with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)and to answer the question whether HCV-RNA positivity in PBMC is due to viral replication,METHODS HCV-RNA was monitored in serumand PBMC preparations from 15 patients with chronic HCV infection before, during and after an IFN-α therapy using a nested RT/ PCRtechnique. In a second approach, PBMC from healthy donors were incubated in HCV positive plasma.RESULTS In the IFN-α responding patients,HCV-RNA disappeared first from total RNApreparations of PBMC and then from serum. In contrast, in relapsing patients, HCV-RNAreappeared first in serum and then in PBMC. A quantitative analysis of the HCV-RNAconcentration in serum was performed before and after transition from detectable to nondetectable HCV-RNA in PBMC-RNA and vice versa. When HCV-RNA was detectable in PBMCpreparations, the HCV concentration in serum was significantly higher than the serum HCV-RNA concentration when HCV-RNA in PBMC was not detectable. Furthermore, at no time during the observation period was HCV specific RNA observed in PBMC, if HCV-RNA in serum was under the detection limit. Incubation of PBMCfrom healthy donors with several dilutions of HCV positive plasma for two hours showed a concentration-dependent PCR-positivity for HCV-RNA in reisolated PBMC.CONCLUSION The detectability of HCV-RNA in total RNA from PBMC seems to depend on the HCV concentration in serum. Contamination or passive adsorption by circulating virus could be the reason for detection of HCV-RNA in PBMCpreparations of chronically infected patients.