Single and binary adsorption behaviors of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents,i.e.NDA-101 and NDA-99 were investigated.The Freundlich model can successfully describe all...Single and binary adsorption behaviors of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents,i.e.NDA-101 and NDA-99 were investigated.The Freundlich model can successfully describe all the adsorption isotherms tested,which indicates a favorable and exothermic adsorption process.The adsorption of salicylic acid relies on π-π interaction,while the electrostatic interaction further influences the adsorption of 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto NDA-99.The adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreases but increases on NDA-101 with 5-sulfosalicylic acid as the background component in a binary solute system.The amount of 5-sulfosalicylic acid adsorbed was decreased with the increase in initial concentration of salicylic acid on both adsorbents.The competition for the adsorption sites is considered to be predominant in the solid-to-liquid interaction process.The adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-101 is higher than onto NDA-99 by more than an order of magnitude.Thus,combination technique involving NDA-101 followed by NDA-99 can be effectively applied to separate and recover salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid from wastewater.展开更多
Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicyla...Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.展开更多
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at...Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.展开更多
In this study,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) such as anodic oxidation(AO),UV/H_2O_2 and Fenton processes(FP) were investigated for the degradation of salicylic acid(SA) in lab-scale experiments.Boron-doped diamond...In this study,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) such as anodic oxidation(AO),UV/H_2O_2 and Fenton processes(FP) were investigated for the degradation of salicylic acid(SA) in lab-scale experiments.Boron-doped diamond(BDD) film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for AO of SA.In the case of FP and UV/H_2O_2,most favorable experimental conditions were determined for each process and these were used for comparing with AO process.The study showed that the FP was the most effective process under aci...展开更多
Boron-doped diamond （BDD） film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for anodic oxidation of salicylic acid （SA）. The effects of operational variables including initial concentration, current density, te...Boron-doped diamond （BDD） film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for anodic oxidation of salicylic acid （SA）. The effects of operational variables including initial concentration, current density, temperature and pH were examined. The results showed that BDD films deposited on the Ta substrates had high electrocatalytic activity for SA degradation. There was little effect ofpH on SA degradation. The current efficiency （CE） ,aas fbund to be dependent mainly on the initial SA concentration, current density and temperature. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） was reduced from 830 mg/L to 42 mg/L under a current density of200A/m^2 at 30℃.展开更多
Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caus...Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caused significant reduction in growth parameters like leaf area, leaf length and root and shoot dry weight. Salicylic acid （SA）, a plant phenolic is now considered as a hormone-like endogenous regulator, and its role in the defence mechanisms against biotic stressors has been well documented. In recent years its role has been widely investigated in abiotic stress （salinity, drought, water deficit and so on）. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of salicylic acid on growth and some physiological characters of salt stressed tomato plants. The presence of salicylic acid at low concentration （0.01 mM） in culture medium riched with NaCl 100 mM （6 g·L^-1） improves the tolerance of tomato cv. Golden Sunrise to salinity. This amelioration results in stimulation of growth and development of plants. The applied of SA in saline medium induce： （i） an increase in chlorophyll content; （ii） a better supply of essential elements in plant growth, such as K＋; （iii） a decrease in toxic ions such Na＋ and CI in aerial organs; and （iv） an additional synthesis of organic solutes and osmoprotectors like proline and proteins. All these results suggest that salicylic acid could be successfully used in alleviating depressive effects of salt on the productivity of the cultivated tomato.展开更多
以黑果枸杞种子为试材,5种不同浓度SA浸种12 h,将不同浓度NaCl溶液及PEG-6000溶液按不同比例混合模拟20种盐旱交叉胁迫,培养皿滤纸萌发并观测SA处理对盐旱交叉胁迫下黑果枸杞种子萌发指标,分析SA处理对其抗盐旱特性的影响。结果表明:在...以黑果枸杞种子为试材,5种不同浓度SA浸种12 h,将不同浓度NaCl溶液及PEG-6000溶液按不同比例混合模拟20种盐旱交叉胁迫,培养皿滤纸萌发并观测SA处理对盐旱交叉胁迫下黑果枸杞种子萌发指标,分析SA处理对其抗盐旱特性的影响。结果表明:在盐旱交叉胁迫下,随着胁迫强度的增加,黑果枸杞种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈先升后降的趋势,低浓度SA处理组较对照可以提高黑果枸杞种子的发芽率和发芽势,其中S1处理组效果最好;黑果枸杞种子的发芽指数与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关,单一盐胁迫及交叉胁迫下,发芽指数和活力指数先升后降,轻度胁迫和低浓度SA可以在一定程度上提高种子活力;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,黑果枸杞幼苗相对根长先增后减;随着盐胁迫的程度加剧,黑果枸杞幼苗相对根长大幅减少。对不同浓度SA浸种后黑果枸杞耐盐旱性进行综合评价,可以看出,低浓度SA浸种可以提高黑果枸杞种子萌发期的耐盐旱性。说明黑果枸杞种子在萌发期对盐旱胁迫有一定的交叉适应性,且盐旱胁迫下,0.05 mM SA处理增强黑果枸杞种子萌发阶段耐盐旱性效果最佳。展开更多
Salicylic acid(SA)plays a pivotal role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stress.Several core SA signaling regulators and key proteins in SA biosynthesis have been well characterized.However,much remains unknown ...Salicylic acid(SA)plays a pivotal role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stress.Several core SA signaling regulators and key proteins in SA biosynthesis have been well characterized.However,much remains unknown about the origin,evolution,and early diversification of core elements in plant SA signaling and biosynthesis.In this study,we identified 10 core protein families in SA signaling and biosynthesis across green plant lineages.We found that the key SA signaling receptors,the nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related(NPR)proteins,originated in the most recent common ancestor(MRCA)of land plants and formed divergent groups in the ancestor of seed plants.However,key transcription factors for SA signaling,TGACG motif-binding proteins(TGAs),originated in the MRCA of streptophytes,arguing for the stepwise evolution of core SA signaling in plants.Different from the assembly of the core SA signaling pathway in the ancestor of seed plants,SA exists extensively in green plants,including chlorophytes and streptophyte algae.However,the full isochorismate synthase(ICS)-based SA synthesis pathway was first assembled in the MRCA of land plants.We further revealed that the ancient abnormal inflorescence meristem 1(AIM1)-basedβ-oxidation pathway is crucial for the biosynthesis of SA in chlorophyte algae,and this biosynthesis pathway may have facilitated the adaptation of early-diverging green algae to the high-light-intensity environment on land.Taken together,our findings provide significant insights into the early evolution and diversification of plant SA signaling and biosynthesis pathways,highlighting a crucial role of SA in stress tolerance during plant terrestrialization.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20274017)
文摘Single and binary adsorption behaviors of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents,i.e.NDA-101 and NDA-99 were investigated.The Freundlich model can successfully describe all the adsorption isotherms tested,which indicates a favorable and exothermic adsorption process.The adsorption of salicylic acid relies on π-π interaction,while the electrostatic interaction further influences the adsorption of 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto NDA-99.The adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreases but increases on NDA-101 with 5-sulfosalicylic acid as the background component in a binary solute system.The amount of 5-sulfosalicylic acid adsorbed was decreased with the increase in initial concentration of salicylic acid on both adsorbents.The competition for the adsorption sites is considered to be predominant in the solid-to-liquid interaction process.The adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-101 is higher than onto NDA-99 by more than an order of magnitude.Thus,combination technique involving NDA-101 followed by NDA-99 can be effectively applied to separate and recover salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid from wastewater.
文摘Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.
文摘Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.
文摘In this study,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) such as anodic oxidation(AO),UV/H_2O_2 and Fenton processes(FP) were investigated for the degradation of salicylic acid(SA) in lab-scale experiments.Boron-doped diamond(BDD) film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for AO of SA.In the case of FP and UV/H_2O_2,most favorable experimental conditions were determined for each process and these were used for comparing with AO process.The study showed that the FP was the most effective process under aci...
文摘Boron-doped diamond （BDD） film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for anodic oxidation of salicylic acid （SA）. The effects of operational variables including initial concentration, current density, temperature and pH were examined. The results showed that BDD films deposited on the Ta substrates had high electrocatalytic activity for SA degradation. There was little effect ofpH on SA degradation. The current efficiency （CE） ,aas fbund to be dependent mainly on the initial SA concentration, current density and temperature. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） was reduced from 830 mg/L to 42 mg/L under a current density of200A/m^2 at 30℃.
文摘Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caused significant reduction in growth parameters like leaf area, leaf length and root and shoot dry weight. Salicylic acid （SA）, a plant phenolic is now considered as a hormone-like endogenous regulator, and its role in the defence mechanisms against biotic stressors has been well documented. In recent years its role has been widely investigated in abiotic stress （salinity, drought, water deficit and so on）. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of salicylic acid on growth and some physiological characters of salt stressed tomato plants. The presence of salicylic acid at low concentration （0.01 mM） in culture medium riched with NaCl 100 mM （6 g·L^-1） improves the tolerance of tomato cv. Golden Sunrise to salinity. This amelioration results in stimulation of growth and development of plants. The applied of SA in saline medium induce： （i） an increase in chlorophyll content; （ii） a better supply of essential elements in plant growth, such as K＋; （iii） a decrease in toxic ions such Na＋ and CI in aerial organs; and （iv） an additional synthesis of organic solutes and osmoprotectors like proline and proteins. All these results suggest that salicylic acid could be successfully used in alleviating depressive effects of salt on the productivity of the cultivated tomato.
文摘以黑果枸杞种子为试材,5种不同浓度SA浸种12 h,将不同浓度NaCl溶液及PEG-6000溶液按不同比例混合模拟20种盐旱交叉胁迫,培养皿滤纸萌发并观测SA处理对盐旱交叉胁迫下黑果枸杞种子萌发指标,分析SA处理对其抗盐旱特性的影响。结果表明:在盐旱交叉胁迫下,随着胁迫强度的增加,黑果枸杞种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈先升后降的趋势,低浓度SA处理组较对照可以提高黑果枸杞种子的发芽率和发芽势,其中S1处理组效果最好;黑果枸杞种子的发芽指数与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关,单一盐胁迫及交叉胁迫下,发芽指数和活力指数先升后降,轻度胁迫和低浓度SA可以在一定程度上提高种子活力;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,黑果枸杞幼苗相对根长先增后减;随着盐胁迫的程度加剧,黑果枸杞幼苗相对根长大幅减少。对不同浓度SA浸种后黑果枸杞耐盐旱性进行综合评价,可以看出,低浓度SA浸种可以提高黑果枸杞种子萌发期的耐盐旱性。说明黑果枸杞种子在萌发期对盐旱胁迫有一定的交叉适应性,且盐旱胁迫下,0.05 mM SA处理增强黑果枸杞种子萌发阶段耐盐旱性效果最佳。
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021 YFF1000404)National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(32130096)+1 种基金Central Public-interest Scientific Insti-tution Basal Research Fund(Y2022QC14)K.Y.was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Salicylic acid(SA)plays a pivotal role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stress.Several core SA signaling regulators and key proteins in SA biosynthesis have been well characterized.However,much remains unknown about the origin,evolution,and early diversification of core elements in plant SA signaling and biosynthesis.In this study,we identified 10 core protein families in SA signaling and biosynthesis across green plant lineages.We found that the key SA signaling receptors,the nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related(NPR)proteins,originated in the most recent common ancestor(MRCA)of land plants and formed divergent groups in the ancestor of seed plants.However,key transcription factors for SA signaling,TGACG motif-binding proteins(TGAs),originated in the MRCA of streptophytes,arguing for the stepwise evolution of core SA signaling in plants.Different from the assembly of the core SA signaling pathway in the ancestor of seed plants,SA exists extensively in green plants,including chlorophytes and streptophyte algae.However,the full isochorismate synthase(ICS)-based SA synthesis pathway was first assembled in the MRCA of land plants.We further revealed that the ancient abnormal inflorescence meristem 1(AIM1)-basedβ-oxidation pathway is crucial for the biosynthesis of SA in chlorophyte algae,and this biosynthesis pathway may have facilitated the adaptation of early-diverging green algae to the high-light-intensity environment on land.Taken together,our findings provide significant insights into the early evolution and diversification of plant SA signaling and biosynthesis pathways,highlighting a crucial role of SA in stress tolerance during plant terrestrialization.
