Transfers and the Samuelson Rule in Stock Externality Provision--Why Do We Need Them Both？

This paper examines the relationship between the Samuelson rule for efficient provision of stock externality and unilateral transfers for equalization of mitigation costs among the agents. Using a generic model of stock externality provisions, we proved that the revised Samuelson rule that allows transfers is a necessary and sufficient condition for efficient provision of stock externalities. In addition, selection of social welfare weights of the agents plays a key role in directions and magnitudes of the transfers. We discuss the implications of the revised Samuelson rule in economic modeling of climate change, an empirical case of stock externality, through numerical simulations in the RICE model.

微观经济视角下生态产品最优供给研究

随着人民群众物质生活水平的提高,人们的消费需求随之升级,开始由"盼温饱"转向"盼环保",由"求生存"转向"求生态"。人民群众在期待安居、乐业、增收的同时,更期待天蓝、地绿、水净,期待拥有优质的生态产品,期待享受良好的生态福利。努力扩大生态产品的有效供给,不断提升发展的质量与效益,增强人民群众的获得感是全面建成小康社会的应有之义。该文以萨缪尔森规则为切入点,从微观经济的视角探讨了生态产品的有效最优供给问题,认为应该通过征税承担生态产品供给的成本以保证生态产品的有效供给;课征环境税,坚持以防治污染为核心,实施最严格的环境保护制度,促进生态产品的有效优质供给。