Dragons Leap with Each Passing Year, Intangible Heritage Grows Fragrant Beijing Shadow Puppetry Outreach Activities

Since ancient times,the Chinese New Year has been the most important festival for the Chinese nation,and"celebrating the Chinese New Year in museums"has gradually become a new trend in recent years.To enrich the cultural offerings during the holiday period and let the general audience experience the strong festive atmosphere in museums,on February 22 and 23,2024,on the eve of the Lantern Festival,the China Arts and Crafts Museum(China Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum)successfully held the"Encounter with Intangible Heritage""Capital Colors Shadow Play:Bejing Shadow Puppetry Outreach Activities."

Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics of Water Quality in the Lower Reaches of the Nenjiang River

As an important river in the western part of Jilin Province,the lower reach of the Nenjiang River is an important wetland water source conservation area in Jilin Province.Within the watershed,it governs the Momoge Wetland,the Xianghai Wetland,and the Danjiang Wetland in Jilin Province.The main problem in the lower reaches of the Nenjiang River is the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space,and the intensification of land salinization.Zhenlai County and Da an City in the Nenjiang River Basin have sufficient surface water resources,with surface water as the drinking water source.Baicheng City and Tongyu County have scarce surface water resources,and both use groundwater as their domestic water source.The main polluted section in the basin is the Xianghai Reservoir,and the annual water quality evaluation is Class V.However,the water quality of the Tao er River,the main stream of the Nenjiang River,is significantly better than that of the Xianghai Reservoir.In order to better study the water environmental pollution situation in the Nenjiang River basin,monitoring data from five sections of non seasonal rivers in the basin from 2012 to 2021 were selected for studying water quality.This in-depth exploration of the water pollution status and river water quality change trends in the Nenjiang River basin is of great significance for future rural development,agricultural pattern transformation,and the promotion of water ecological civilization construction.

欧盟REACH法规要求解析及汽车产品管控建议

欧盟REACH立法宗旨是保护人类健康和环境安全,本质上也是技术贸易壁垒的重要组成部分,是我国汽车产品出口面临的重大挑战,需企业谨慎应对。基于汽车出口经验,文章针对法规跟踪与机制建立、REACH合规管控的关键方式和有害物质替代技术3个方面进行阐述,期望能为汽车产品REACH管控提供一些参考。

欧盟REACH法规新增5项SVHC高关注物质

2024年1月23日,欧洲化学品管理署(ECHA)正式公布实施第30批5项SVHC高关注物质(又称:候选授权物质清单)。截至当前,SVHC高关注物质总数共计240项,本次新增物质详细信息如下:(1) 2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚(2,4,6-TTBP),主要用作橡胶防老剂、抗氧剂。其抗氧化效果与264相当,也可用在乳胶、聚烯烃塑料中,同时也是制备亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂633、641的主要原材料。纳入原因:生殖毒性(第57c条)、持久性、生物积累性和毒性(PBT)(第57d条)。

An Information Entropy-Based Methodology to Construct the Avulsion Threshold in the Tail Reach of the Estuarine Alluvial Plain

Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.

Influence of climate change on hydrological process in the upper reaches of Shiyang River:A case study of the Xiying River,China

Climate change is the dominant factor affecting the hydrological process, it is of great significance to simulate and predict its influence on water resources management, socio-economic activities, and sustainable development in the future. In this paper, the Xiying River Basin was taken as the study area, China Atmospheric Assimilation Driven Data Set(CMADS) and observation data from the Jiutiaoling station were used to simulate runoff of the SWAT model and calibrate and verify model parameters. On this basis, runoff change of the basin under the future climate scenario of CMIP6 was predicted. Our research shows that:(1) The contribution rates of climate change and human activities to runoff increase of the Xiying River are 89.17% and 10.83%, respectively. Climate change is the most important factor affecting runoff change of the Xiying River.(2) In these three different emission scenarios of SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in CMIP6 climate model, the average temperature increased by0.61, 1.09 and 1.74 C, respectively, in the Xiying River Basin from 2017 to 2050. Average precipitation increased by 14.36, 66.88, and 142.73 mm, respectively, and runoff increased by 15, 24, and 35 million m3, respectively.The effect of climate change on runoff will continue to deepen in the future.

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here,we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs)in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5)reanalysis dataset.Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs)concentrated at heights of 900-1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 2300 LST(LST=UTC+8 hours)but are strongest at 0200 LST,with composite wind velocities>14 m s^(-1).Synoptic-system-related LLJs(SLLJs)occur most frequently at 0800 LST but are strongest at 1100LST,with composite wind velocities>12 m s^(-1).Both BLJs and SLLJs are characterized by a southwesterly wind direction,although the wind direction of SLLJs is more westerly,and northeasterly SLLJs occur more frequently than northeasterly BLJs.When Wuhan is south of the mei-yu front,the westward extension of the northwest Pacific subtropical high intensifies,and the low-pressure system in the eastern Tibetan Plateau strengthens,favoring the formation of LLJs,which are closely related to precipitation.The wind speeds on rainstorm days are greater than those on LLJ days.Our analysis of four typical heavy precipitation events shows the presence of LLJs at the center of the precipitation and on its southern side before the onset of heavy precipitation.BLJs were shown to develop earlier than SLLJs.

Living environment shaped residents’willingness to pay for ecosystem services in Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis,China

Profound understanding on the diversity of local residents’willingness to pay(WTP)for ecosystem services(ESs)may aid evaluation of policy impacts by uncovering trade-offs and synergies for achieving sustainable environmental resource management.However,the reasons for the spatial preference heterogeneity of WTP are still unclear.In this study,an extensive survey with 4,580 residents in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis(YRMRM),central China,was carried out to investigate the public’s WTP to maintain and improve ESs.We identified key influencing factors and explored how they shaped the preference heterogeneity in WTP by random forest model and surface fitting method.Our results showed that 81.4% of residents reported WTP for ESs greater than zero.Water supply,waste treatment,food supply and raw material supply were the preferred ESs for residents.Living environment factors(i.e.,extent of farmland,water and forest near the residence)were found as the key drivers of WTP.Proximity to farmland,water and forests resulted in high WTP values for a series of specific ESs.The reasons for the heterogeneity of WTP are(1)the difference in proximity to farmland,water and forest(i.e.,the contributor to ESs),(2)the divergence of local residents’preferences for ESs.This study disclosed the heterogeneity and causes of public preferences in YRMRM,which could help policy and decision makers to develop eco-compensation initiatives towards conservative and sustainable use of the environmental resources.

Research on Spatial Distribution of Settlements in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River

Under the background of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the settlements in the upper reaches of the Min River are significantly affected by the mountain environment, and their spatial distribution is typical and representative. In this study, the relationship between settlements and topography, rivers and transportation, and the spatial distribution patterns of settlements, such as the aggregation and orientation characteristics of settlements, have been studied. The main conclusions include: 1) The settlement density decreases with the increase of elevation, slope, and distance from rivers and roads;76.25% and 63.17% of the settlements are distributed in the range of elevation 1500 - 3000 m and slope 6° - 25°, the upper reaches of the Min River are mostly alpine valley terrain, the bottom of the river has a low altitude, the landscape is undulating. The warm and humid climate is suitable for farming, conducive to agricultural production, and an ideal living environment for mountain residents. 2) The nuclear density of the settlement is distributed in strips along the axis of the river, and the closer to the river, the greater the nuclear density value. 3) Mathematical statistical methods were applied for the first time to realize the quantitative expression of the coupling of settlement and river direction. The influence of topographic conditions in different watersheds on the coupling degree of settlement extension and river flow direction was revealed. The slope of the fitted straight line between the settlement and river direction was 0.897, and the two directions were consistent. Except for the mainstream of the Min River, the larger values of the standard deviation ellipse flattening of settlements in each basin appeared in the upper reaches of the bay, and the overall trend showed a gradual decrease from the upstream to the downstream, which was consistent with the topographic change characteristics of the basin.

英语学习活动观视角下英文原版教材的评价与应用——以Reach Higher 3为例

教材是课程实施的主要载体,对教材进行深入地分析是教师有效教学的前提。在英语学习活动观理念下,教师需要学会整合教材内容,灵活使用教材,创设多种形式的活动,在活动中促进学生语英语学科核心素养的发展。本文旨在英语学习活动观理念的指导下分析评价Reach Higher 3英语教材,并结合实例给出其作为拓展教材的使用建议,为中小学英语教师设计教学活动,实践英语学习活动观提供参考。

Thinking Out-of-Box in Addressing Communication and Service Delivery Challenges: Use of a Traditional Communication Method for Improving Immunization Coverage in Remote Rural Hard-to-Reach Areas of India

Sirmaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India is a hard-to-reach area situated in the western Himalayas having an extreme landscape with snow-laden mountains and extensive river systems that makes the delivery of immunization services extremely challenging. Vaccinators needed a long walk through the hilly terrain to reach outreach sites. Community mobilizers were unable to go house to house to inform the caregivers to bring children to the site for vaccination. Caregivers were unaware when the vaccinators arrive at the site. As a result, many children missed vaccination or were not vaccinated timely. Age-appropriate vaccination coverage (according to national immunization schedule) in the Sirmaur district was the lowest in the state. Thinking out-of-box to address the communication barriers with the caregivers, the traditional drum beating was used, for the first time in India, in two blocks of the Sirmaur district (Rajpura and Shillai). The initiative was planned and implemented by the district health system with the support of the local community leaders. An exit interview was conducted to know the reach of the drum beating to caregivers, and a baseline and end line household survey was conducted to know the outcome of the initiative on age-appropriate vaccination coverage. Analysis of exit interviews data indicated a very high reach of a drum beating to the caregivers;more than 97% of caregivers in Rajpura and 100% in Shillai heard drum beating, and almost 95% of caregivers in Rajpura and 98% in Shillai knew the purpose of drum beating. Analysis of immunization data from baseline and end line surveys showed improvement in age-appropriate vaccination coverage for all vaccines in Rajpura (by 2.2% for BCG, 15.3% for Pentavalent 1, 14.9% for Pentavalent 2, 14.1% for Pentavalent 3, and 6.5% for Measles/MR). In Shillai, age-appropriate vaccination coverage improved for Pentavalent 1 (by 3.4%), Pentavalent 2 (by 5%) and Measles/MR (by 1.7%). In addition, dropout rates were reduced in both the blocks, particularly in Rajpura Pentavalent 1 to Measles dropout rate was reduced by 13.5%. Both health workers and community leaders had positive perceptions of the drum beating initiative. However, another important lesson learned from the initiative was that both the access and demand-side barriers need to be addressed for the desired improvement of age-appropriate immunization coverage. In Shillai, there was lower coverage improvement and a reduction in dropout rates attributed to vacant positions of vaccinators that caused an issue with access to immunization services to people.

基于环境DNA技术的珠江中下游鱼类多样性初步研究

通过环境DNA技术(Environmental DNA,eDNA)检测珠江中下游鱼类生物多样性,探索珠江中下鱼类多样性监测和保护的新途径。2023年2月在珠江中下游设置了桂平、藤县、封开、德庆、肇庆和九江共6个采样点,通过水样采集及过滤、eDNA提取、遗传标记扩增及测序和数据库比对分析等流程检测鱼类多样性。结果表明,6个采样点共检测出30种鱼类,隶属于4目10科27属,其中土著鱼类26种,外来种4种。较已有传统调查数据新检出2种鱼类:美丽沙鳅(Botia pulchra)和齐氏罗非鱼(Oceochromis zillii)。鱼类优势种为子陵吻鰕虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachellii)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、尼罗罗非鱼(O.nilotica)、齐氏罗非鱼、南方波鱼(Rasbora steineri)和鲤(Cyprinus carpio)。根据Shannon指数和Simpson指数显示,eDNA检测九江和桂平站点的鱼类多样性最高,藤县的最低。作为一种新的检测方法,eDNA技术可用于快速检测珠江中下游鱼类的多样性及分布,在实际应用中可将eDNA技术与传统的监测方法相结合,以提供更全面的鱼类生物多样性数据信息。

码垛机器人的幂次指数趋近律变结构控制

为提高码垛机器人的控制精度,并保证系统在存在建模误差及扰动时的鲁棒性,设计了一种基于幂次指数趋近律的变结构控制算法。建立了二连杆机械臂数学模型,分析了三种趋近律的缺点,比较并提出了幂次指数趋近律。提出了使用求解微分方程的办法分三个阶段来研究算法的鲁棒性。分析了有界综合扰动极限值与控制器参数之间的关系。使用新算法得出了机器人在不含扰动时的仿真结果,解出了变结构控制三个阶段的微分方程,得出了机械臂在存有建模误差及扰动时的仿真结果。幂次指数趋近律变结构控制算法提高了码垛机器人的控制精度,在系统存在各种误差及扰动条件下具有极强鲁棒性并依然可以保证很高的控制精度。

取水工程对松花江悦来河段影响研究

为了研究引水工程的建设对松花江悦来河段水沙变化的影响,构建了松花江干流悦来河段的平面二维水沙数学模型,分析了引水工况对松花江悦来河段的流速、水位、分流比和冲淤分布的影响。研究结果表明:松北引渠引水入松花江致使入江处水位抬升为0.03~0.04 m,由于松南引渠引水,致使取水口附近的主河道水位下降约0.03 m;在天然条件下,松南下口引渠位置分流量为78 m~3/s,分流比为8.8%,在取水方案下,松南上口引渠分流量为104 m~3/s,分流比为8.5%,松南下口引渠分流量为323 m~3/s,分流比为28.9%;在天然条件下,悦来河段主河道呈现冲刷状态,冲刷深度为1.0 m左右,双口引渠导致取水口附近的泥沙淤积较天然条件有所增加,其中松南引渠下口淤积更为显著,引渠口门处淤积厚度可达1.0 m以上。

基于SPI和VHI的长江中下游地区干旱时空特征分析

近60 a来,长江中下游地区干旱发生频率越来越高,强度不断增强,影响范围不断扩大,持续时间不断变长,对经济发展造成了严重的影响。通过构建长江中下游地区60 a长序列历史降水数据和40 a遥感数据集,基于标准化降水指数、植被健康指数等指标建立干旱监测指数序列库,分析时序干旱指数变化特征,开展旱情时空分布、季节差异、发生频次等指标统计分析,探究旱情发生频率及其时空分异特征、旱情程度等时空特征。研究结果表明:长江中下游地区干旱事件发生具有明显的季节性,春夏季干旱频率高,秋冬季干旱频率低;干旱存在明显区域性差异,易旱地区主要包括湖北北部、湖南南部等地。

伏羲文化与考古学文化对证探论——以渭河上游为中心

伏羲传说是中国古史传承体系的重要内容,有其真实的历史背景,不能以“科学”“严谨”的名义对伏羲传说加以简单的否定。在古史传说体系中,伏羲是中华民族的人文始祖,代表着我国史前氏族社会的发展,文献、民俗和考古学资料共同说明,黄河中上游地区是伏羲氏族活动的主要地区,特别是渭河上游天水地区丰富的伏羲遗迹、传说,与该地域前仰韶文化、仰韶文化等在空间上相互重叠,为进一步开展伏羲传说与考古学文化对证研究提供了重要资料。在相关研究中,应当首先对伏羲传说材料进行深入辨析,甄别真伪,建立传说的文化谱系,与区域内的考古学文化谱系进行对证研究。根据大地湾、西山坪、师赵村、傅家门、圪垯川等史前遗址的考古发掘和研究,渭河上游地区以前仰韶文化和仰韶文化为主的考古学文化谱系,或为伏羲提供了可信的考古对证资料,其间可能存在着原初的“历史信息”和“历史线索”,应当引起学界高度重视。

新形势下我国江河入海水通量监测实践与对策建议

针对我国入海河口生态环境问题突出、江河入海污染物总量不明的问题,梳理了我国江河入海水通量监测的历史,分析了我国江河入海水通量评估工作的现状以及“十四五”生态环境监测和海洋环境保护等规划的要求,提出污染物排海总量不明的主要原因是江河入海水通量监测未取得突破,具体表现在江河污染物入海通量未得到有效掌握、江河入海水通量监管体系未得以构建运行、江河入海水通量监测技术未得到建立和规范。结合在辽河口海洋环境在线监测试验基地开展的江河入海流量在线监测系统设计研究、江河入海水通量监测技术研发、江河入海水通量监测技术标准化研究、辽河入海水通量监测试验等工作,建议总结分析我国已开展的江河入海水通量监测试验工作,深入开展江河入海水通量监测顶层设计,加强江河入海水通量监测关键技术方法研究。

初论黄河下游河道的河槽线

黄河白鹤镇至陶城铺河段两岸堤距宽,历史上河道冲淤变化迅速、河势游荡多变,经多年河道整治,总体上河势得到基本控制,滩槽逐步稳定。在此条件下,为促进黄河的生态保护和滩区发展,提高河道管理水平,将河道粗分为河槽与滩地,首次提出河槽线的概念,明确了河槽线的含义及绘制河槽线的原则,强调绘制河槽线要以防洪安全为前提,给出了河槽线的绘制方法及其现场标示办法,分析了河槽线的作用等。

生态调度控制汉江中游入侵沉水植物过度生长效果研究

针对汉江中游江段入侵沉水植物伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)过度生长的问题,以2019年调查监测为基础,采用生物量、分布面积、流速、流量等指标,于2020-2021年在汉江丹江口水库联合王甫洲水利枢纽开展了控制伊乐藻过度生长的生态调度试验并评估其生态效果。结果表明:(1)丹江口−王甫洲区间适宜入侵沉水植物伊乐藻生长的水域面积达16.8 km^(2),主要分布在坝前两岸浅水区、泄水闸上游洲滩、水岸新城、中洲岛、木排港、羊皮滩等区域;(2)生态调度的控制效果显著,伊乐藻生物量和分布面积呈逐年减少趋势,其年度峰值生物量变化与春季萌发期1-3月流量极值比(r=-0.997)和生长旺盛期4−8月平均流量(r=-0.963)的相关系数均大于0.9,与全年平均流量(r=-0.748)和4−8月平均水温(r=0.732)的相关系数大于0.7,流量(流速)和水温是影响伊乐藻生物量的关键因子;(3)根据王甫洲坝前漂浮伊乐藻日打捞量与入库流量统计,可以对伊乐藻成熟团聚体产生明显冲刷影响的王甫洲入库流量(即丹江口水库下泄流量)条件为不小于1500m^(3)/s;丹江口水库峰值流量为3500m^(3)/s的单次汛期调度过程,可减少研究区间内约40%的伊乐藻生物量。

浑河清原流域地表水中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析

以浑河清原流域为对象,研究了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物的质量浓度、组成、分布等污染特性,并利用特征比值法对其污染来源进行分析。研究结果表明:浑河上游清原段地表水中总PAHs质量浓度为176.49~4899.83 ng·L^(-1),总PAHs质量浓度平均值为953.51 ng·L^(-1);3环和4环PAHs为各采样点PAHs的主要组分;该流域PAHs污染的主要来源为生物质和煤的燃烧,这一结果与当地的生产生活实际相符。