Numerical simulation on sand sedimentation and erosion characteristics around HDPE sheet sand barrier under different wind angles

For the safety of railroad operations,sand barriers are utilized to mitigate wind-sand disaster effects.These disasters,characterized by multi-directional wind patterns,result in diverse angles among the barriers.In this study,using numerical simulations,we examined the behavior of High Density Polyethylene(HDPE)sheet sand barriers under different wind angles,focusing on flow field distribution,windproof efficiency,and sedimentation erosion dynamics.This study discovered that at a steady wind speed,airflow velocity varies as the angle between the airflow and the HDPE barrier changes.Specifically,a 90°angle results in the widest low-speed airflow area on the barrier’s downwind side.If the airflow is not perpendicular to the barrier,it prompts a lateral airflow movement which decreases as the angle expands.The windproof efficiency correlates directly with this angle but inversely with the wind’s speed.Notably,with a wind angle of 90°,wind speed drops by 81%.The minimum wind speed is found at 5.1H(the sand barrier height)on the barrier’s downwind side.As the angle grows,the barrier’s windproof efficiency improves,extending its protective reach.Sedimentation is most prominent on the barrier’s downwind side,as the wind angle shifts from 30°to 90°,the sand sedimentation area on the barrier’s downwind side enlarges by 14.8H.As the angle grows,sedimentation intensifies,eventually overtakes the forward erosion and enlarges the sedimentation area.

Progress and Problems of Development Research and Application of Sand Barriers

Due to the restrictions on the conditions for afforestation and sand control,the development research,and application of sand barriers have accelerated in recent years,but some problems that cannot be ignored have emerged in practice. In this paper,the functions of wind prevention,sand blocking and fixation,improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing plant diversity of sand barriers,accretion coefficient and capacity between sand barriers,and mobile sand barriers were analyzed firstly,and then several issues that should be noted in the development and application of sand barriers were proposed. The results show that sand barriers can fix sand on the spot and maintain the stability of sand surface. As an auxiliary measure before afforestation on a mobile sand surface,they are practical and feasible. The biggest drawback of sand barriers is that they are easy to be saturated. Although they can increase plant diversity and surface roughness,they lose the function of blocking sand flow after being saturated,and their function of in-situ sand fixation also rapidly decreases with the degradation of sand barriers. Mobile sand barriers overcome the disadvantage of sand barriers being easy to be saturated to some extent,but the cost greatly increases. In terms of desertification prevention and control by plants,plants are used as sand barriers to study their functions of sand blocking and sand fixation in many researches and practices,but the more important ecological functions of adjusting temperature on sand surface and achieving surface thermodynamic equilibrium of plants are ignored.

Cost analysis of sand barriers in desertified regions based on the land grid division model

Sand barriers are the most widely used mechanical implements for wind-blown sand control and desertification prevention.However,there is no standard quantitative cost analysis of the sizes and materials required for sand barriers.In this study,based on the original land grid division model for optimal resource utilization,we calculated the total side lengths of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m,2.0 m×2.0 m,and 3.0 m×3.0 m in a desertified region of the Shapotou area on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,China.Then,through literature review and social survey,we obtained the material cost and material utilization amount of sand barriers with different materials and sizes.Finally,we calculated the costs of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers comprised of wheat straw,corn stalk,Salix mongolica,poly lactic acid,magnesium cement,and high-density polyethylene,with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m,2.0 m×2.0 m,and 3.0 m×3.0 m.The results show that the material cost of regular hexagonal corn stalk sand barriers with the size of 3.0 m×3.0 m is the lowest,while the material cost of square magnesium cement sand barriers with the size of 1.0 m×1.0 m is the highest.When using the same material,the cost of regular hexagonal sand barriers is lower than that of square sand barriers with the same size.When using the same size,the cost of sand barriers with corn stalk material is lower than that of sand barriers with other materials.Based on the above analysis,we can conclude that the economic benefits of regular hexagonal sand barriers are greater than those of square sand barriers.This study provides a theoretical basis for accurately calculating the material cost of sand barriers,particularly for the estimated cost of mechanized sand barrier engineering projects.

Sand barrier morphological evolution based on time series remote sensing images:a case study of Anhaiao,Pingtan

The morphological evolution of the sand barrier in the Anhaiao coastal zone of Pingtan from 1996 to 2018 was studied.Tidal correction was used to refine the location of the coastline.A standard deviation ellipse method was applied to further analyze the movement of the barrier head with the axis and rotation angle.A natural neighbor interpolation(NNI)method was carried out to calculate the terrain of the intertidal area,and the erosion and deposition characteristics were illustrated based on the terrain.The results showed that the northern part of the sand barrier facing the lagoon area was deposited over the whole studied period,while erosion has always occurred in the southern part of the sand barrier facing the open sea.The erosion and deposition were slightly different on both sides of the barrier head due to hydrodynamic turbulence.The middle sand barrier moved 102.60 m away from its original location in 1996,and the end of the barrier moved 65.45 m.The head of the sand barrier continued moving 379 m to the northwest.Consequently,the preliminary morphological evolution of the sand barrier corresponding to the distance and direction of movement was detected.

鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组碎屑障壁海岸砂体微相南北变化

在延长探区近1500口钻井资料的基础上,进行大量岩心和薄片观察以及砂厚和砂地比统计,探究鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组的砂体微相类型、平面形态和分布的沿岸变化及其控制因素。结果表明,延长气田本溪组总体均为中小潮差环境下的陆源碎屑障壁海岸沉积,但南部的甘泉—富县地区波浪作用较弱,形成了典型的障壁砂坝和障壁后沉积。北部延安—靖边南地区波浪作用较强,形成了改造障壁、浅滩和下切谷充填潮道3种主要微相砂体。障壁砂体呈平行岸线的带状或串珠状排列,近源和近岸分布;浅滩砂体呈多个分散的卵圆形远源远岸分布;潮道带砂体充填则受控于古地貌凹槽。该研究结果对延长气田和类似环境的储层识别和评价具有重要的指导意义。

民勤黏土沙障-人工梭梭林物种多样性及土壤水分变化特征

以民勤荒漠区6种不同布设年限(1 a、5 a、10 a、20 a、40 a、60 a)黏土沙障-人工梭梭林样地和流动沙地(对照)为研究对象,对其物种构成、重要值、优势种群特征、物种多样性和土壤水分含量进行调查,探究长时间尺度黏土沙障-人工梭梭林构建对区域植物群落结构、物种多样性和土壤水分的影响。结果表明:民勤荒漠区黏土沙障-人工梭梭林调查样地共记录到植物6科12属12种,以藜科、蒺藜科为主。人工防沙体系的构建能够显著提升区域植物物种数量(从4种增加到5~8种),且随着布设年限的延长,优势种由沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)逐步向雾冰藜(Grubovia dasyphylla)、猪毛菜(Kali collinum)、黄花矶松(Limonium aureum)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)优势种演变,生活型也从以一年生草本为主的单一型向一年生草本+多年生草本+灌木的复合型发生演变。物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数和Alatalo指数总体呈现出单峰型变化趋势,以布设20 a时物种数最多,物种分布最均匀,对照沙地物种数最少,物种分布均匀度最差。不同样地植物群落的Jaccard指数表现为:对照沙地与布设1 a样地>布设20 a与布设40 a样地>布设1 a与布设5 a样地>布设10 a与布设20 a样地>布设40 a与布设60 a样地>布设5 a与布设10 a样地,相异性指数与Cody指数则表现相反。区域土壤含水率波动态势与植物群落演替趋势保持一致,且相较于较深层土壤(40~60 cm),浅层土壤(10~30 cm)对区域植物自然演替进程所起到的作用更为明显。

高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅机的设计与试验

针对风沙区铁路安全运行中高立式芦苇沙障生产人工效率低、劳动强度大、制造成本高、操作工序多、工作环境恶劣等问题和对芦苇沙障成栅工艺流程研究的基础上,设计了高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅机。通过对关键作业部件进行设计选型,确定了喂料机构、铁丝推送机构、打捆拧丝机构的结构,并采用理论分析、Workbench仿真方法对喂料弧片、送丝摇臂与拧丝虎口等关键零件参数进行了设计与分析。为提高作业性能,以芦苇束紧实度、芦苇破损率和单束打捆作业时间为评价指标,以铁丝推送长度、拧丝虎口转速为影响因素,进行了高立式芦苇沙障打捆优化实验,利用Design-Expert V8.0.6.1软件,构建关于评价指标与影响因素间的回归模型,确定最优参数组合为:拧丝虎口转速1297r/min、送丝距离372mm。样机验证试验结果表明:高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅机具有较强的物料适应性,在优化参数组合下,通过试验验证了设计的正确性和合理性。上述研究成果丰富了高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅技术,也为整秆打捆成栅机械的设计提供参考依据。

Damage by wind-blown sand and its control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway in China

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh environment.The Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan Desert.It has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,China.However,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the road.Unfortunately,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since 1999.To solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since 2000.However,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance costs.The study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway.Ultimately,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and planting cash crops,such as Cistanche,Wolfberry,Apocynum and other cash crops to decrease the high cost of maintenance on highways and shelterbelts.

沙障对石羊河下游人工梭梭林生长及其林下植被物种多样性的影响

通过样地调查的方法,对不同材料、不同布设年限沙障区人工梭梭林的生长状态和林下植被的多样性进行了调查研究,结果表明:1)10a稻草沙障、15a玉米秸秆沙障区梭梭株高、冠幅高于同年限其他沙障类型区,15a尼龙网沙障区树高、冠幅最低;2)不同年限不同材料沙障区梭梭枝条发芽指数存在差异性,5a稻草沙障、10a尼龙网沙障的枝条发芽指数显著高于其他沙障类型,枝条发芽指数5a稻草沙障最高,其次为10a尼龙网沙障,20a黏土沙障最低;3)不同年限不同材料沙障林下植被生物多样性指数和盖度存在差异性,10年黏土沙障区辛普森指数为0.50,Shannon-Wiener指数为0.81;15a黏土沙障区Simpson指数为0.51,Shannon-Wiener指数为0.63;20a黏土沙障区Simpson=0.49,Shannon-Wiener为0.86。不同类型沙障林下植被盖度20a尼龙网沙障、20a黏土沙障最高,15a尼龙网沙障次之,10a尼龙网沙障最低。同一年限不同材料沙障中黏土沙障的盖度相对较高。15~20a沙障类型中稻草沙障的盖度最低,稻草沙障相对其他材料沙障不利于林下物种增加。

Sand control effect of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure

Straw checkerboard sand barriers with a porous structure that consists of a pervious upper portion and a dense lower portion are widely used to achieve great sand control effect.Considering this,and resolving the serious earth surface undercutting problem after HDPE sandbreak net checkboard barriers setting,the authors used HDPE(high-density polyethylene)materials to prepare new sandbreak materials with a similar porous structure.Through wind tunnel simulations and field sand control monitoring,we compared the sand control effect of three HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure.Compared to the sandbreak net with uniform porosity structure,the three types of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure had poorer effect on reducing sand transport rates,but had longer effective protection distance before sandbreak nets at low wind velocity conditions(<12 m/s),longer effective protection distance at high wind velocity(>14 m/s)and longer effective protection distance between sandbreak nets at all experimental wind velocity conditions.Wind and sand control effect characteristics of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure provide an ideal material on semiburied checkerboard sand barriers for sand stabilization.By contrast,uniform-type sandbreak nets are used as materials on high upright sand fences for sand blocking.These HDPE sandbreak nets can be used to replace traditional sandbreak materials and have a very high potential for widespread and popular application in aeolian sand disaster control.

机械沙障与治沙植物不同配置防风固沙效益研究

机械沙障与植物治沙对治理荒漠化土地、固定活化沙丘、降低荒漠化危害具有重要作用。为了解机械沙障与治沙植物不同配置防风固沙效益,以吐鲁番市高昌区荒漠化土地为研究对象,在研究区内设置4种不同的治理模式,通过试验分析不同治理模式的植物保存率、防风效能、地表粗糙度、风速廓线、输沙量和地表蚀积深度等防风固沙效益指标,对比不同配置模式活化沙丘的治理效果。结果表明:(1)机械沙障对治沙植物的生长起到了良好的保护作用,植物存活率大于80%;草方格沙障在初期对植物的保护作用大于高立式沙障,梭梭初期的生长情况弱于同等沙障保护下的柽柳。(2)4种治理模式均具有良好的防风效益,草方格沙障在0.4 m以下的防风效能优于高立式沙障,在0.4 m以上,高立式沙障的防风效能更好,同等保护条件下的柽柳防风效能优于梭梭;草方格沙障的地表粗糙度大于高立式沙障,柽柳的防风效能优于梭梭。(3)草方格沙障在0.4 m以下的阻沙效益优于高立式沙障,但总体阻沙效益弱于高立式沙障,在相同沙障中,柽柳的阻沙效益优于梭梭;4种治理模式对地表均具有良好的固定作用,草方格沙障优于高立式沙障,沙面形态更加平稳,柽柳对土壤的固定作用优于梭梭。草方格沙障+柽柳的治理模式防风固沙效益最佳。

和田—若羌铁路戈壁盐碱区高立式“Z”字形沙障配置的风洞试验

[目的]探究多排“Z”字形沙障的合理配置模式,为和田—若羌铁路沿线戈壁盐碱区的风沙防护提供科学参考。[方法]在风洞中模拟当地的风沙环境,对孔隙率为40%的多排“Z”字形高立式沙障的防沙效果进行试验。[结果]多排沙障的迎风面与风向的夹角为钝角时,沙障后积沙出现分离现象;沙障的迎风面与风向的夹角为锐角时,沙障后积沙出现聚集现象。防沙效率随着风速增加都有所下降,当风速为12 m/s(7级风)时,设置两道高立式沙障和三道高立式沙障的防沙效率分别为74.0%和100%,当风速增加至15 m/s(9级风)时,设置两道高立式沙障和三道高立式沙障的防沙效率分别为72.7%,88.9%。[结论]鉴于该研究区风沙条件,建议采用三道沙障,沙障的迎风面与风向尽量呈钝角布置。

内蒙古草原煤矿区排土场不同规格树枝沙障的防风效益

为探究草原煤矿区排土场边坡不同规格机械沙障的防风效益,以排土场边坡设置的树枝沙障为研究对象,对不同规格(0.5 m×0.5 m、1.0 m×1.0 m、1.5 m×1.5 m)高度为30 cm的树枝沙障内不同高度(10、20、30、50、200 cm)的风速进行测定,同时以未铺设沙障的边坡作为对照,比较分析3种规格沙障防风效能、空气动力学粗糙度和风速廓线特征。研究表明,3种规格沙障的防风效能表现为0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m,且均在10 cm高度处防风效能最为显著,其防风效能随着高度的增加呈减小趋势;空气动力学粗糙度和摩阻风速均表现为0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m>对照;不同沙障的风速廓线在50 cm高度内均呈现出不规则的“S”形曲线变化特征,50 cm高度以上风速廓线与对照相似。结果显示0.5 m×0.5 m树枝沙障防风效益最好,可有效改善近地表土壤风蚀情况,建议在草原煤矿区排土场推广设置。

乌兰布和沙漠典型沿黄段格状沙障防风固沙效应

[目的]探究乌兰布和沙漠典型沿黄段机械沙障的固沙效果,为沙区沿黄段的沙障合理配置及应用提供理论支撑和科学参考。[方法]以2 m×2 m规格的纱网沙障、聚乳酸(PLA)沙障、麦草沙障为研究对象,通过测定格状沙障近地表10,20,50,100和200 cm处的风速,同步收集近地表0—50 cm处的风蚀物颗粒,对3种格状沙障在形成稳定障面后的防风固沙效应进行研究。[结果]①纱网沙障、PLA沙障和麦草沙障均有效降低了近地表风速,尤以距地表10 cm高度处最为明显。在10.32 m/s风速下,其防风效能分别达到了49.73%,39.92%和38.33%。②PLA沙障的风速廓线呈现S形曲线特征,3种沙障的粗糙度均较裸沙丘有较大提升。③与裸沙丘相比,3种沙障降低了近地表10 cm处风的扰动度。④纱网沙障、PLA沙障和麦草沙障的输沙率随高度均呈指数关系,固沙效应分别为94.37%,44.80%和53.16%。3种沙障相较于裸沙丘有效抬升了沙粒的平均跃移高度,纱网沙障提升为对照的5.35倍。[结论]结合乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段风沙活动程度及材料获取度,沿岸向流动沙丘垂向上依次为麦草沙障固沙、PLA沙障固沙促生、纱网沙障防风固沙优化配置,可以实现3种格状沙障防风固沙效益的最大发挥。

基于黏土沙障的复配土壤对土壤水分特征影响对比分析

[目的]研究基于黏土沙障的复配土壤在不同复配质量比下对土壤水分特征的影响,旨在揭示其土壤改良效益,为今后黏土沙障的设计提供最佳复配比。[方法]通过试验设计将各样品划分为空白组、对照组与试验组,并分别对三组样品的土壤容重、水分常数及土壤水分特征曲线进行对比分析。[结果](1)试验组样品土壤容重随复配土壤质量比(即复配比)的增加而减小,相较于空白组,当复配比为5∶1时降低至1.45 g/cm^(3),对照组则降低至1.32 g/cm^(3)。(2)试验组样品的土壤饱和含水率在其复配比超过一定阈值时明显增加,当复配比为2∶1时相较于空白组升高了0.97%,同时,其田间持水率与凋萎系数也相较于空白组整体分别升高1.518%,1.543%,对照组两者上升则均超过10%。(3) Gardner模型对三组样品模拟良好,三者土壤含水率均随土壤水势增加而减小,当土壤水势一定时,试验组复配比的增加有效提高了复配土壤的含水率,在土壤水势为0.01~1.5 MPa间不同质量比复配土壤平均增加了1.32%~1.72%。[结论]基于黏土沙障的复配土壤其复配比的增加能有效提升土壤的持水力与保水性,其有效含水量也明显上升,对土壤改良明显。

富水砂卵石地层深基坑降水特性及涌水量研究

以洛阳市周山大道下穿开元大道路口明挖深基坑工程为依托,分析各降水参数改变对渗流场分布与降水效率的影响。通过Midas GTS NX有限元软件,模拟分析不同降水参数下降水井抽排地下水情况,同时建立了标准状态下涌水量特征曲线,并针对非标准状态提出涌水量修正方法。结果表明:除地层渗透系数改变地下水流速外,其他参数均会导致流网形态发生改变,与阻隔效应耦合后将间接影响降水速率。另外,通过工程实例验证考虑止水帷幕阻隔作用后的深基坑涌水量预测公式及其修正函数具有合理性,可应用于砂卵石地层深基坑降水工程。

不同规格芦苇沙障生态保护成效研究

沙障是减缓地表风蚀、保护地表植被的重要措施之一,为筛选适宜呼伦湖流域沙地风沙防治的芦苇沙障设置模式,试验按照行距1、1.5、2 m的带状以及1 m×1 m、1.5 m×1.5 m、2 m×2 m的方格状共设置6种不同规格芦苇沙障,选取防风效能、表层土壤含水量、地表蒸发量、沙障内修复物种生长情况4个指标评估不同规格芦苇沙障生态保护成效。结果显示:方格状芦苇沙障生态保护成效高于带状芦苇沙障,其中方格状芦苇沙障平均防风效能、表层土壤含水量及地表蒸发量由高到低依次为1m×1 m>1.5 m×1.5 m>2 m×2 m;对6种芦苇沙障模式内冰草[Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn.]、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.ex Griseb.in Ledeb.)和小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)的植被生长情况分析显示,冰草在1 m×1 m方格状芦苇沙障生长较好。合理的沙障设置,不仅能够防风固沙,并且可减少土壤水分的流失。

沙漠腹地公路高立式沙障防风阻沙性能研究

通过沙漠腹地现场实测和Fluent软件数值模拟对沙漠腹地公路高立式沙障防风阻沙性能进行研究。采用Fluent软件建立沙障和路基数值模型,基于欧拉双流体模型和多孔介质理论对高立式沙障和路基周围风沙流的运动进行数值模拟。采用三维超声风速仪测量高立式沙障周围气流速度,为数值模拟结果提供验证。通过数值模拟分析不同沙障高度和沙障数量下风沙流的运动规律,确定沙障高度和数量对高立式沙障防风固沙效果的影响。研究结果表明:气流在沙障迎风侧前方区域减速,沙障周围气流速度快速下降导致气流的携沙运动能力减弱,沙粒在沙障周围沉积。在沙障防护下,路基周围风速降低,路基的风蚀风积危害得到缓解。随着沙障的排数或沙障高度的增加,路基沿程的风速逐渐降低。3排及其以上沙障可以较好地阻挡风沙流的运动。5排沙障防护下,路基的迎风侧坡脚离地高度0.5 m处水平风速从11.05 m/s下降至5.37 m/s,风速的降低率达54.13%。在2.0 m沙障的防护下,路基的迎风坡和背风坡的路肩水平风速比1.5 m沙障的相应值低3~5 m/s,降低率最高达61.79%。

Pilot Test of the Permeable Reactive Barrier for Removing Uranium from the Flooded Gunnar Pit

This work reports on applying iron oxide coated sand (IOCS) media in an experimental permeable reactive barrier to remove uranium (U) species from uranium containing water. A field study was conducted at the legacy Gunnar uranium mine & mill site that was abandoned in the 1960s with limited to no decommissioning. The flooded Gunnar mine pit presently contains about 3.2 million m3 of water contaminated by dissolved U (1.2 mg/L), Ra-226 (0.4 Bq/L), and minor concentrations of other contaminants (As, Se, etc.). The water is seeping over the pit rim into Lake Athabasca, posing potential environmental and health concerns. IOCS media can be used to immobilize uranium species through an adsorption process. Herein, the preparation of hydrous ferric oxide sorbents and their supported forms onto silica sands is described. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) were used for structural characterization. The adsorption properties of the IOCS sorbent media were modeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, where a maximum uranium uptake capacity was estimated. Bench-scale adsorption kinetic experiments were also performed before moving to a field trial. Based on these lab results and input on field-scale parameters, a pilot permeable reactive barrier was fabricated and a field test conducted near the Gunnar pit in June 2019. This pilot test provided technical data and information needed for designing a full-scale permeable barrier that employs the IOCS media. This approach can be applied for in-situ water treatment at Gunnar and other legacy uranium sites.

附面层位移厚度对沙障防风效益评价的适用性研究——以聚乳酸(PLA)沙障为例

地表粗糙度作为风蚀防护中常用的传统指标,在防护林、沙障等工程措施的防护效益评价中发挥了重要作用。但在实际应用中发现,地表粗糙度存在不完全准确的现象。针对这一问题,引入新的参考指标附面层位移厚度,借助风洞模拟实验的方法,通过测定不同边长聚乳酸沙袋沙障中的风速频数、拟合风速流场、计算防风效能等来验证地表粗糙度和附面层位移厚度这2个指标的准确性。结果表明:随着聚乳酸沙袋沙障障格边长的增大,平均风速呈现出上升的趋势,其中障格边长为1.5 m和2.0 m沙障内的平均风速分别是1.0 m沙障的1.13和1.24倍;防风效能则呈现出下降的趋势,其中障格边长为1.0 m沙障内各处均大于0.6,1.5 m沙障内各处均大于0.5,2.0 m沙障内各处均大于0.4;风速流场高速区的面积呈现出增大的趋势。这表明随着沙障障格边长的增大,沙障的防护作用逐渐下降。与此同时,随着沙障障格边长的增大,附面层位移厚度呈现出减小的趋势,而地表粗糙度则呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。综上,附面层位移厚度在评价沙障防护作用时的准确性更高,可作为新的补充参考指标。