PCR-DGGE Analysis of Bacterial Communities Structure in Babylonia areolata Culture Systems of The Subtidal Zone and The Pond Mulched Plastic Film and Sand in Bottom

To know the bacterial communities structure in Babylonia areolata culture systems and to research and optimize the management pattem of Babylonia areola-ta culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, the bacte- rial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the sub-tidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom were analyzed at molecular level by adopting the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the sub-tidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, which were built on the basis of the seawater in East-island of Zhanjiang, included Proteobac- teda Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria. The dominant bacterial groups in the above pond culture system were Garnmaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaprotecbacteda, Epsilonproteobacteda, Anaerolineae, Cyanobacteria and Acti- nobacteda. The dominant bacterial communities in the subtidal zone culture system were Gammaprotecbacteda, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae and Cyanobacteda, and there were less Epsilonproteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the culture system. The higher diversity was detected in the above two culture sys- tems. The results of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average （UPG- MA） showed that the bacterial communities of the sediment samples S1 and S2 in the above two culture systems were a cluster, the similarity of bacterial communities was 54.5%. The bacterial communities of seawater samples S3 and S4 in the above culture systems were in clusters, and the similarity of the bacterial communi- ties was 84.0%. The results showed that the microorganism ecological level in the Babylonia areolata culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom could be similar to the sub-tidal zone culture systems through changing the pond seawater and monitoring the microbial population.

Relationship between Shanghai Sand Junk Culture and the Development of Shanghai International Shipping Center

From the three aspects of material culture,institutional culture and spiritual culture,the connotation and development of Shanghai sand junk culture and the position in Shanghai shipping culture were analyzed,and the relationship between Shanghai sand junk culture and the development of Shanghai International Shipping Center was studied according to the construction target and the soft power demand of Shanghai International Shipping Center.

Study on Sand Junk Culture in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Starting from the perspective of shipping culture,sand junk culture in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was studied from the aspects of material,system,behavior and mentality.It is found that the change and development of sand junk culture in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are closely related to the convenient shipping conditions and economic activities."Sand junk culture"runs through the development of shipping industry in Shanghai area,reflecting a pioneering and enterprising,compatible and inclusive spirit.

Analysis of the Functions of Shanghai Sand Junk Culture in Modern Times

From the aspects of the spiritual core of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the influence of modern sand junk culture on the urbanization process of Shanghai,and the inheritance of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the functions of modern Shanghai sand junk culture were analyzed to provide certain reference for the application and inheritance of sand junk culture in the new era.

Study on the Relationship between Shanghai Sand Junk Culture and Marine Culture

Shanghai sand junk culture and marine culture were introduced from the four aspects of culture(physics,institution,behavior and mentality),and their relation was analyzed.The results show that there is a generic relationship between marine culture and Shanghai sand junk culture.Shanghai sand junk culture reflects the marine culture in a specific period and enriches the connotation of marine culture.Marine culture is the foundation of Shanghai sand junk culture,and provides new opportunities for the sustainable development of Shanghai sand junk culture.Therefore,the study of the relationship between Shanghai sand junk culture and marine culture is beneficial for the two to promote each other,and lays a solid cultural foundation for the realization of"maritime power".

Study on the Relationship between Shanghai Sand Junk Culture and Shanghai Urban Culture

From material,spiritual,institutional and behavioral aspects,Shanghai sand junk culture and Shanghai urban culture were studied,and the relationship between the two was analyzed.It is found that there are similarities and individualities between Shanghai sand junk culture and Shanghai urban culture,and the two are closely compatible.

Estimating total nitrogen deposition in agroecosystems in northern China during the wheat cropping season

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been poorly documented in northern China, an intensive agricultural and industrial region with large emissions of NHx and NOy. To quantify N deposition, total airborne N deposition was determined at three agricultural sites using a manual integrated total nitrogen input (ITNI) system during growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) from September 2005 to May 2006. Total estimated N deposition averaged 54.9 and 43.2 kg N/hm2 across the three sites when wheat was grown to flowering and maturing, respectively. The average value was 50.2 kg N/hm2 when ryegrass was the indicator plant. Both indicator species gave similar total airborne N input results. The intermediate level of N supplied resulted in the highest N deposition, and the ratio of N acquired from deposition to total N content of the whole system decreased with increasing N supply to the roots. The contribution of atmospheric N to the total N content of the wheat and ryegrass sand culture systems ranged from 10% to 24%.