Norwegian scabies presenting as erythroderma:A case report

BACKGROUND Norwegian scabies(NS)is a serious parasitic skin condition.Although NS is one of the causes of erythroderma,it is frequently overlooked.Therefore,it is essential to raise awareness regarding NS presenting as erythroderma.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of NS that persisted for more than 3 years.After following nonstandard treatment,the patient’s rash worsened and gradually progressed into erythroderma.Finally,NS was diagnosed by skin microscopy and pathology.CONCLUSION When patients with pruritic dermatosis have high-risk factors such as prolonged bed rest and immunodeficiency,clinicians need to enhance their awareness of NS and ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Epidemiological Pattern of Scabies and Its Social Determinant Factors in West of Iran

Objectives: Scabies has a different epidemiological distribution among different communities worldwide due to different social factors, management approaches and healthcare policies. The present study came to address outbreaks of scabies according to the social factors in west of Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, using the census sampling method, all consecutive patients with the primary diagnosis of scabies based on clinical manifestations referred to healthcare center throughout the two great provinces of Hamadan and Kermanshah at western Iran between March 2006 and February 2010 were enrolled into the study. The baseline characteristics were collected from recorded files at the healthcare centers or by interviewing with the affected patients. Results: Among 3,625,966 subjects covered by the two studied provinces, 177 cases of scabies (170 cases in Kermanshah and 7 cases in Hamadan) were identified by medical staff at the healthcare centers according to clinical manifestations (85.3%) and laboratory microscopic assessments (14.7%). The highest and the lowest prevalence rates were specified to 2009 (58.2%) and 2008 (1.7%). Regarding gender distribution of disease, 53.1% of men and 46.9% of women suffered from scabies with no significant discrepancy. In respect to age distribution of disease, the highest rates of scabies were revealed in the ages ranged 17 to 30 years (31.6%), followed by younger than 17 years (30.5%). The prevalence of scabies was dependently associated with residency in rural areas, family history of scabies, lower educational level, household density, lower monthly income, low personal hygiene, the existence of livestock or rodents at home, seasonal conditions, and movement to contaminated areas. Conclusion: West region of Iran especially Kermanshah province faced with high prevalence and this high disease burden can be determined by some potential factors such as residency in rural areas, family history of scabies, lower educational level, household density, lower monthly income, low personal hygiene, the existence of livestock or rodents at home, seasonal conditions, and movement to contaminated areas.

Scabies-Related Factors in Children Aged 0 - 15 Years in a Southern Benin Municipality, 2023

Introduction: Scabies is a neglected tropical disease with little attention from the international community. This study aimed to investigate the associated factors of scabies within Lalo municipality in Benin in 2023. Methods: This was a case-control study. The sampling size, calculated using OPEN EPI software, was 226 children. Cases were selected exhaustively, and matched to controls by age and village, on a 1:1 basis, using two-stage random sampling. Data were collected from mothers or babysitters by means of a questionnaire. McNemar’s Chi 2 test was used to compare cases and controls. Factors associated with scabies were identified using conditional logistic regression. Results: Overall, 122 cases and 122 controls with a mean age of 5.02 ± 3.01 years were involved in the study. Shared bunks (ORa [95% CI] = 6.32 [1.30;30.82]), household size (ORa [95% CI] = 2.76 [1.05;7.29]), scabies awareness (ORa [95% CI] = 3.27 [1.68;6.38]) and personal hygiene (ORa [95% CI] = 3.08 [1.02;9.25]) were associated with the occurrence of scabies in Lolo’s municipality, Benin, in 2023. Conclusion: The identified associated factors show that scabies are indeed linked to poverty, but also to behavioral factors that could be changed through communication.

Scabies Evaluated by Dermoscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy: A Case Report

Introduction: Scabies is an infectious skin disorder caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The diagnosis of scabies is often confirmed by microscopic detection of scabies mites, eggs, or feces.We herein describe the diagnosis of scabies in a boy with the assistance of dermoscopy and fluorescence microscopy.Case presentation: A 16-year-old Chinese boy presented with a 2-month history of extensive papules and excoriations with intense pruritus on the trunk and limbs. Dermoscopy showed a sinuous burrow in the finger webs with a brown jet-shaped triangular structure at the end. A fluorescence microscopy revealed a hatching egg and a mite. The boy was diagnosed with scabies and treated with 5% sulfur ointment.Discussion: The use of dermoscopy in patients with scabies reveals a sinuous burrow with a brown jet-shaped triangular structure composed of the pigmented head and anterior legs of the mite[1]. A fluorescence microscopy revealed mites and eggs with blue fluorescence after staining, allowing us to easily identify scabies.Conlcusion: The combination of dermoscopy-guided tape testing with fluorescence staining technology may enhance the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of scabies.

Misdiagnosed Norwegian scabies in a patient with systemic sclerosis:a case report

Introduction Norwegian scabies is a rare and severe skin disorder caused by scabies mites.Severe public health problems resulted from Norwegian scabies outbreak,had been reported due to the highly contagious characteristics[1-2].Also,severe complications such as secondary bacterial infections,severe water and electrolytic disorders,which could lead to fetal outcome,were reported recently in severe Norwegian scabies cases[3].Early diagnose may prevent scabies outbreak and longtime adverse events.However,crusted scabies may be misdiagnosed due to its various and atypical skin lesions.Here,we shared our experience on diagnosis of a patient with Norwegian scabies,who was misdiagnosed as psoriasis and eczema and treated with long term of oral prednisone and methotrexate.

桃色顶孢霉获得及其发酵液对马铃薯疮痂病菌的抑制作用

从土壤中分离得菌株,利用形态学及18S rDNA测序确定所得菌株为桃色顶孢霉(Acremonium persicinum)。测定该菌株发酵液不同浓度、不同酸碱度、高温处理和较长保存时间条件下,对马铃薯疮痂病菌(Streptomyces scabies)的抑菌作用。结果表明,不同浓度的发酵液对疮痂病菌均有明显抑制作用,浓度为75%时抑菌圈半径最大,为17.1 mm;发酵液经121℃20 min处理后,抑菌作用与不处理的相近;室温保存9个月的发酵液仍有抑菌效果,但抑菌活性比保存1个月下降了26.43%;发酵液pH调整为3~8时,抑菌效果良好,且中性、偏碱性比酸性发酵液抑菌效果好。该菌株发酵液有较好抑菌效果且稳定性良好,有较好的应用前景。

Skin problems in children under five years old at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia

Objective: To examine the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in children under 5 years old who attended a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 26 to February 20, 2015 in children under 5 years old who attended Gambo Rural Hospital in West Arsi of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia.Results: A total of 324 children were included(59.6% male) whose median age was 16.4months. In total, 147 children [45.4%; 95% confidence interval(CI): 40.0%–50.8%]under 5 years had a skin problem, of which 101(68.7%) consulted for that reason. The other 46(31.3%) consulted for a general health problem and the dermatological condition was a secondary finding during the physical exploration. In 93 children(28.7%; 95% CI:20%–33.8%), it was the main disease, and in 54 children(16.5%; 95% CI: 13.0%–21.1%)it was concomitant with other diseases. The most common dermatological disease was scabies(n = 44, 13.6%; 95% CI: 10.3%–17.7%). Impetigo was diagnosed in 32 children(9.9%; 95% CI: 7.1%–13.3%), of which 23(71.9%) had complicated impetigo. Nineteen children(5.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%–9.0%) had eczema, 10(3.1%) had eczema associated to other conditions. The following most frequent skin problems were tinea(n = 9; 2.8%),infected wound and ulcer(n = 7; 2.2%), and burns(n = 6; 1.9%).Conclusions: Skin problems, mainly scabies, impetigo, and eczema were common in young children attended at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. Children under 5 years should be examined thoroughly to rule out skin diseases, especially scabies.