A Novel Color Image Watermarking Method with Adaptive Scaling Factor Using Similarity-Based Edge Region

This study aimed to deal with three challenges:robustness,imperceptibility,and capacity in the image watermarking field.To reach a high capacity,a novel similarity-based edge detection algorithm was developed that finds more edge points than traditional techniques.The colored watermark image was created by inserting a randomly generated message on the edge points detected by this algorithm.To ensure robustness and imperceptibility,watermark and cover images were combined in the high-frequency subbands using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition.In the watermarking stage,the watermark image was weighted by the adaptive scaling factor calculated by the standard deviation of the similarity image.According to the results,the proposed edge-based color image watermarking technique has achieved high payload capacity,imperceptibility,and robustness to all attacks.In addition,the highest performance values were obtained against rotation attack,to which sufficient robustness has not been reached in the related studies.

几何形状对气垫升力的影响研究

One of the crucial and challenging issues for researchers is presenting an appropriate approach to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of air cushion vehicles(ACVs)in terms of system design parameters.One of these issues includes introducing a suitable approach to analyze the effect of geometric shapes on the aerodynamic characteristics of ACVs.The main novelty of this paper lies in presenting an innovative method to study the geometric shape effect on air cushion lift force,which has not been investigated thus far.Moreover,this paper introduces a new approximate mathematical formula for calculating the air cushion lift force in terms of parameters,including the air gap,lateral gaps,air inlet velocity,and scaling factor for the first time.Thus,we calculate the aerodynamic lift force applied to nine different shapes of the air cushions used in the ACVs in the present paper through the ANSYS Fluent software.The geometrical shapes studied in this paper are rectangular,square,equilateral triangle,circular,elliptic shapes,and four other combined shapes,including circle-rectangle,circle-square,hexagonal,and fillet square.Results showed that the cushion with a circular pattern produces the highest lift force among other geometric shapes with the same conditions.The increase in the cushion lift force can be attributed to the fillet with a square shape and its increasing radius compared with the square shape.

Modifed Multifdelity Surrogate Model Based on Radial Basis Function with Adaptive Scale Factor

Multifdelity surrogates(MFSs)replace computationally intensive models by synergistically combining information from diferent fdelity data with a signifcant improvement in modeling efciency.In this paper,a modifed MFS(MMFS)model based on a radial basis function(RBF)is proposed,in which two fdelities of information can be analyzed by adaptively obtaining the scale factor.In the MMFS,an RBF was employed to establish the low-fdelity model.The correlation matrix of the high-fdelity samples and corresponding low-fdelity responses were integrated into an expansion matrix to determine the scaling function parameters.The shape parameters of the basis function were optimized by minimizing the leave-one-out cross-validation error of the high-fdelity sample points.The performance of the MMFS was compared with those of other MFS models(MFS-RBF and cooperative RBF)and single-fdelity RBF using four benchmark test functions,by which the impacts of diferent high-fdelity sample sizes on the prediction accuracy were also analyzed.The sensitivity of the MMFS model to the randomness of the design of experiments(DoE)was investigated by repeating sampling plans with 20 diferent DoEs.Stress analysis of the steel plate is presented to highlight the prediction ability of the proposed MMFS model.This research proposes a new multifdelity modeling method that can fully use two fdelity sample sets,rapidly calculate model parameters,and exhibit good prediction accuracy and robustness.

First Principal Treatment of Size of Inflaton Potential, Inflaton Mass, Scale Factors, and Frequency of Emitted Radiation, Using Linde and Padmanabhan Models of Early Cosmology and BEC

Using a Linde reference, as well as another one from Padmanabhan for calculation of how the early universe expands, we obtain, by default the coefficient of scale factor expansion, t to the alpha value, with alpha being approximately the square root of five in value. We from there make an estimate as to the number of initial particles produced in the very beginning, which leads us to conclude that a graviton, would be a preferred initial by product. The argument as to gravitons, also reflects a choice of how the decay of initial BEC condensates of Planck sized black holes would commence, using the work produced by Chavanis, as to BEC condensates and black holes. The object will be to obtain initial frequency spread plus strength of GW production plus a suggestion as to what polarization state may be accessible from initial conditions.

Coastal bathymetry inversion using SAR-based altimetric gravity data:A case study over the South Sandwich Island

The global bathymetry models are usually of low accuracy over the coastline of polar areas due to the harsh climatic environment and the complex topography.Satellite altimetric gravity data can be a supplement and plays a key role in bathymetry modeling over these regions.The Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)altimeters in the missions like CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3A/3B can relieve waveform contamination that existed in conventional altimeters and provide data with improved accuracy and spatial resolution.In this study,we investigate the potential application of SAR altimetric gravity data in enhancing coastal bathymetry,where the effects on local bathymetry modeling introduced from SAR altimetry data are quantified and evaluated.Furthermore,we study the effects on bathymetry modeling by using different scale factor calculation approaches,where a partition-wise scheme is implemented.The numerical experiment over the South Sandwich Islands near Antarctica suggests that using SARbased altimetric gravity data improves local coastal bathymetry modeling,compared with the model calculated without SAR altimetry data by a magnitude of 3:55 m within 10 km of offshore areas.Moreover,by using the partition-wise scheme for scale factor calculation,the quality of the coastal bathymetry model is improved by 7.34 m compared with the result derived from the traditional method.These results indicate the superiority of using SAR altimetry data in coastal bathymetry inversion.

Quantization Conditions, for a Wormhole Wave Function Revisited, as to How a Wormhole Throat Could Generate GW and Gravitons: Simple Version of Negative Energy Form Wormhole Obtained from First Principles, and Comparison with Tokamak GW/Gravitons Done

We revisit how we utilized how Weber in 1961 initiated the process of quantization of early universe fields to the issue of what was for a wormhole mouth. While the wormhole models are well understood, there is not such a consensus as to how the mouth of a wormhole could generate signals. We try to develop a model for doing so and then revisit it, the Wormhole while considering a Tokamak model we used in a different publication as a way of generating GW, and Gravitons.

Generalized Projective Synchronization Between Rssler System and New Unified Chaotic System

Based on symbolic computation system Maple and Lyapunov stability theory,an active control method isused to projectively synchronize two different chaotic systems—Lorenz-Chen-Lü system(LCL)and Rssler system,which belong to different dynamic systems.In this paper,we achieve generalized projective synchronization between thetwo different chaotic systems by directing the scaling factor onto the desired value arbitrarily.To illustrate our result,numerical simulations are used to perform the process of the synchronization and successfully put the orbits of drivesystem(LCL)and orbits of the response system(Rssler system)in the same plot for understanding intuitively.

Intercomparison of two trapezoid-based soil moisture downscaling methods using three scaling factors

This paper compared two soil moisture downscaling methods using three scaling factors.Level 3 soil moisture product of advanced microwave scanning radiometer for EOS(AMSR-E)is downscaled from 25 to 1 km.The downscaled results are compared with the soil moisture observations from polarimetric scanning radiometer(PSR)microwave radiometer and field sampling.The results show that(1)the scaling factor of normalized soil thermal inertia(NSTIs)and vegetation temperature condition index(VTCI)are better than soil evaporative efficiency in reflecting soil moisture;(2)for method 1,NSTIS is the best in the downscaling of soil moisture.For method 2,VTCI is the best;(3)no significant differences of the correlation coefficients(R2)and the biases were found between the two methods for the same scaling factors.However,method 2 shows a better potential than method 1 in the time-series applications of the downscaling of soil moisture;(4)compared with the relationship between the area-averaged soil moisture of AMSR-E and that of PSR,R2 of the 6 sets of the downscaled soil moisture almost do not decrease,which suggests the validity of the downscaling of soil moisture with the two downscaling methods using the three scaling factors.

Using Lorentz Violation for Early Universe GW Generation Due to Black Hole Destruction in the Early Universe as by Freeze

We are using information from a paper deriving a Lorentz-violating energy-momentum relation entailing an exact momentum cut of as stated by G. Salesi. Salesi in his work allegedly defines Pre Planckian physics, whereas we restrict our given application to GW generation and DE formation in the first 10-39 s to 10-33 s or so seconds in the early universe. This procedure is enacted due to an earlier work whereas referees exhibited puzzlement as to the physical mechanism for release of Gravitons in the very early universe. The calculation is meant to be complementary to work done in the Book “Dark Energy” by M. Li, X-D. Li, and Y. Wang, and also a calculation for Black hole destruction as outlined by Karen Freeze, et al. The GW generation will be when there is sufficient early universe density so as to break apart Relic Black holes but we claim that this destruction is directly linked to a Lorentz violating energy-momentum G. Salesi derived, which we adopt, with a mass m added in the G. Salesi energy momentum results proportional to a tiny graviton mass, times the number of gravitons in the first 10-43 seconds.

Calibration for GOCE Gradiometer Data Based on the Prior Gravity Models

The determination of the calibration parameters of the gravity gradiometer play an important role in the GOCE gravity gradient data processing.In this paper,the temporal signals and outliers in the GOCE gravity gradient observations are analyzed.Based on the different global gravity field models,the scale factors and biases are determined in all the components of GOCE gravity gradients.And then the accuracy of the calibration results is validated.The results indicated that the effect of the ocean tide is at mE magnitude in the measurement band,which is equivalent to the precision of the gravity gradiometer,while the effect of the non-tide temporal signals,such as terrestrial water is in the order of 10-4 E,is slightly less than that of the ocean tide.The outliers in all the gravity gradient components are larger than 0.2%.And after the calibration using global gravity field models except EGM96,the stability of scale factors in the V xx、V yy、V zz、V yz components reaches 10-4 magnitude,and the V xz component reaches 10-5 while that of the V xy component is about 10-2,which are in accordance with the accuracy differences of the gradient components.

Penrose Suggestion as to Pre Planck Era-Black Holes Showing Up in Present Universe Data Sets Discussed, with a Possible Candidate as to GW Radiation Which May Provide Initial CMBR Data

What we are doing is three-fold. First, we examine the gist of the Penrose suggestion as to signals from a prior universe showing up in the CMBR. i.e. , this shows up as data in the CMBR. Second, we give a suggestion as to how super massive black holes could be broken up s of a prior Universe cycle by pre big bang conditions, with say millions of pre-Planck black holes coming up out of a breakup of prior universe black holes. Three, we utilize a discussion as to Bose Einstein Condensates set as Gravitons as to composing the early universe black holes. The BEC formulation gives a number N of gravitons, linked to entropy, per black hole, which could lead to contributions to the alleged CMBR perturbations, which were identified by Penrose et al.

A Solution of the Cosmological Constant and DE Using Breakup of Primordial Black Holes, via a Criteria Brought up by Dr. Freeze of Austin, Texas, Which Initiates DE as Linked to Inflation

We reduplicate the Book “Dark Energy” by M. Li, X-D. Li, and Y. Wang, given zero-point energy calculation with an unexpected “length” added to the “width” of a graviton wave just prior to specifying the creation of “gravitons”, while using Karen Freeze’s criteria as to the breakup of primordial black holes to give radiation era contributions to GW generation. The GW generation will be when there is sufficient early universe density so as to break apart Relic Black holes of the order of Planck mass (1015 grams) which is about when the mass of relic black holes is created, 10-27 or so seconds after expansion starts. Needles to state a key result will be in the initial potential V calculated, in terms of other input variables.

Using Kiefer Density Matrix for Time Flow Analysis and How This Links to a Proof of Production of Planck Mass BHs during Inflation and Their Resulting Breakup, Leading to a DE Candidate

We are using the book “Towards Quantum Gravity” with an article by Claus Kiefer as to a quantum gravity interpretation of the density matrix in the early universe. The density matrix we are using is a one loop approximation, with inflaton value and potential terms, like V (phi) using the Padmanabhan values one can expect if the scale factor is a ~a (Initial) times t ^ gamma. In doing so, we identify two time steps and presume a very small initial time step candidates initial time values which are from a polynomial for time values. A gravity wave analysis concludes our article with inflaton decay, which is finally linked to BHs. And then finally we show using work done by Hawking, et al. how this may give us Planck Sized Black Holes, in the onset of Inflation, with resulting consequences so outlined. A vastly simplified proof of BH masses of Planck mass is presented which ties in directly with issues of the mass of the inflaton initially generated by the 2nd derivative of the effective potential V (phi) at a time t ~4 times Planck time. And we include at the close questions as to DE, and data sets which may give credence to speculation as to different time flow rates at the start and then the conclusion later on, of expansion of our universe. The DE would be created by the breakup of the black holes due to a mechanism brought up by Dr. Freeze in 2012, and we also are using the future works section 8 to define the contours of our DE model which builds upon quite directly the sequence of material from pages 1 to 9 which are cited as to making connection between early universe conditions and the ideas of primordial DE models.

Looking at Quantization of a Wave Function, from Weber (1961), to Signals from Wavefunctions at the Mouth of a Wormhole

We utilize how Weber in 1961 initiated the process of quantization of early universe fields to the problem of what may be emitted at the mouth of a wormhole. While the wormhole models are well developed, there is as of yet no consensus as to how, say GW or other signals from a wormhole mouth could be quantized or made to be in adherence to a procedure Weber cribbed from Feynman, in 1961. In addition, we utilize an approximation for the Hubble parameter parameterized from Temperature using Sarkar’s H ~ Temperature relations, as given in the text. Finally, after doing this, we go to the Energy as E also ~ Temperature, and from there use E (energy) as ~ signal frequency. This gives us an idea of how to estimate frequency generated at the mouth of a wormhole.

Algorithm of Slub Yarn Parameter Measurement Based on Capacitive Sensors

A new algorithm of measurement slub yarn parameter was put forward to improve precision and efficient. The basic principal of measurement slub yarn by parallel-plate capacitor was introduced,and slub yarns were tested with a measurement system developed by ourselves. Time sequence for slub length and slub space can be got. And distributions of slub length,slub space and slub scaling factor can also be obtained. The agreement can be attained compared with those original settings. Some error was analyzed also. Consequently this system is effective,and can be adopted in practice.

Does the Penrose Suggestion as to Black Holes from a Prior Universe Showing Up in Today’s Universe Have Credibility? Examined from a Singular, and Nonsingular Beginning of Cosmological Expansion

We examine if there are grounds to entertain the Penrose suggestion as to black holes from a prior cycle of creation appearing in the present cosmos. There are two cases to consider. One a singular start to the Universe or as Karen Freeze and others have modeled a non-singular start. The two cases are different and touch upon the limits of validity of the Penrose singularity theorem. We will first of all state the two cases, singular and nonsingular, and then afterwards, briefly allude to the Penrose singularity theorem. The plausibility of the singular cosmological expansion start point w case analysis of Black holes from a prior universe will be discussed first Afterwards, a synopsis of the Penrose singularity theorem. After that, the Nonsingular case of a starting point of the expansion of the Universe will be entertained and described. Since the nonsingular start to the expansion of the Universe is not so well known, a considerable amount of space will be spent upon what I view as mathematical constructions allowing for its analysis. About the only way to ascertain these cases will be by GW astronomy, hence the details of GW production from the early Universe will be covered in excruciating detail. The methodology for that section is simple. Use a construction for a minimal time-step, then from there get emergent space-time conditions for a bridge from a nonsingular start to the universe, to potential Quantum gravity conditions. Our Methodology is to construct using a “trivial” solution to massive gravitons, and a nonsingular start for expansion of the universe. Our methodology has many unintended consequences, not the least is a relationship between a small timestep, which is called t, and then the minimum scale factor and even the tension or property values of the initial space-time wall, all of which are a consequence of a “trivial” solution taking into account “massive” gravitons. From there we next will in future articles postulate conditions for experimental detectors for subsequent data sets to obtain falsifiable data sets. Finally upon doing this, the outlines of the way to ascertain data sets as to either falsify or confirm the Penrose suggestion will be the final concluding part of the manuscript.

Multiverse Version of Penrose CCC Cosmology, and Enhanced Quantization Compared

We reduplicate the Book “Dark Energy” by M. Li, X.-D. Li, and Y. Wang, zero-point energy calculation with an unexpected “length” added to the “width” of a graviton wavefunction just prior to the entrance of “gravitons” to a small region of space-time prior to a nonsingular start to the universe. We compare this to a solution which worked out using Klauder Enhanced quantization, for the same given problem. The solution of the first Cosmological Constant problem relies upon the geometry of the multiverse generalization of CCC cosmology which is explained in this paper. The second solution used involves Klauder enhanced quantization. We look at energy given by our methods and compare and contrast it with the negative energy of the Rosen model for a mini sub-universe and estimate GW frequencies.

How the Narlikar Argument of Quantum Gravity Can Be Combined with the Cosmological Constant We Calculated to Obtain Quantum Gravity Effects for Plank Length Values, as Opposed to 2 Times Planck Length Values

We take the results where we reduplicate the Book “Dark Energy” by M. Li, X-D. Li, and Y. Wang, zero-point energy calculation, as folded in with the Klauder methodology, as given in a prior publication. From there we first access the Rosen solution to a mini universe energy to ascertain an energy value of t, the pre-inflationary near singularity, then access what would be needed as to inject information into our universe. We then close with an argument by Narilkar as to a quantum bound on the Einstein-Hilbert action integral, so as to obtain quantum Gravity. Narlikar omits the cosmological constant. We keep it in, for our overall conclusion about the cosmological constant and its relevance to Quantum gravity.

We Begin with a “Trivial” Condition on Massive Gravitons, and Use That to Examine Nonsingular Starts to Inflation, for GW, with GW Strength and Possible Polarization States?

Our Methodology is to construct using a “trivial” solution to massive gravitons, and a nonsingular start for expansion of the universe. Our methodology has many unintended consequences, not the least is a relationship between a small time step, t, the minimum scale factor and even the tension or property values of the initial space-time wall, and that is a consequence of a “trivial” solution taking into account “massive” gravitons. I.e. this solution has a mass term times the partial derivative with respect to time of an expression in brackets. The expression in brackets is the cube of a scale factor minus the square of the scale factor. Bonus that this equation is set to zero. It is deemed trivial due to the insistence of having a singular solution. If that is dropped, we have a different venue. In addition, the Friedman equation for nonsingular cosmology can have a quadratic dependence upon a density (of space-time), leading to a way to incorporate right at the surface of the initial “space-time” bubble an uncertainty principle. From there we suggest a first principle Schrodinger equation, with the caveat that time does not exist, within the space-time nonsingular bubble, but is formed right afterwards. From there we again form solutions for strength of GW signals and suggestions as to polarization states. Our quest is motivated by our last articles question, where “We conclude by stating the following question. Can extra dimensions come from a Multiverse feed into Pre-Planckian space-time? See Theorem at the end of this publication. Our answer is in the affirmative, and it has intellectual similarities to George Chapline’s work with Black hole physics”. From there we next will in future articles postulate conditions for experimental detectors for subsequent data sets to obtain falsifiable data sets.

Calculating the Cosmological Constant, and a Minimal Time Step, for Our Present Universe. In Fidelity to the Topics Spoken as a Presenter in the Zeldovich 4 Conference, September 11, 2020

The following is a rendition of what was presented by the author, September 11, 2020 in the DE section of that conference. The topics, while not original, are in strict fidelity with the topics the author was allowed to present in ICRANET Zeldovich 4, 2020. We present a history of the evolution of the cosmological constant “issue” starting with its introduction by Einstein for a static universe, which did not work out because his static universe solution to the Ricci Scalar problem, and GR was and is UNSTABLE. Another model of the cosmological constant has a radius of the Universe specified which is proportional to one over the square root of the cosmological constant, whereas our idea is to use the matching of two spacetime first integrals, for isolating a nonperturbative cosmological constant solution right at the surface of the start of expansion of the universe, i.e. a phenomenological solution to the cosmological constant involves scaling of a radius of the PRESENT universe. Our presented idea is to instead solve the Cosmological constant at the surface of the initial space-time bubble, using the initially derived time step, delta t, as input for the Cosmological constant. As it is, the Zeldovich 4 Section I was in was for Dark Energy, so in solving the initial value of the Cosmological constant, I am giving backing to one of the models of DE as to why the Universe reaccelerates one billion years ago. We conclude as to a reference to a multiverse generalization of Penrose Cyclic Conformal Cosmology as input into the initial nonsingular space-time bubble.