Positive Organizational Scholarship from a Psychotherapeutic Perspective

Many organizational development perspectives and discussions adopt a medical or diagnostic viewpoint of organizational dysfunction, focusing heavily on the numerous deficiencies, mistakes, and other negative aspects of struggling organizations. While any organization has a fair share of problems to address, such an overarching focus on everything that is wrong with an organization can create a harmful cycle of pessimism, depression, and low energy that can be difficult to overcome. Positive Organization Scholarship (POS) practitioners, much like the skilled therapist, help organizations shift from a negative, limiting mindset into a positive, open mindset in order to facilitate positive change. This paper explores how cognitive reappraisal strategies common in psychotherapy could be used by POS practitioners to facilitate change and growth in the organizations they serve.

Research on Scholarship Evaluation System based on Decision Tree Algorithm

Under the modern education system of China, the annual scholarship evaluation is a vital thing for many of the collegestudents. This paper adopts the classification algorithm of decision tree C4.5 based on the bettering of ID3 algorithm and constructa data set of the scholarship evaluation system through the analysis of the related attributes in scholarship evaluation information.And also having found some factors that plays a significant role in the growing up of the college students through analysis and re-search of moral education, intellectural education and culture&PE.

The Maghrebian Scholarship and the Development of Muslim Intelligentsias in Sub-Saharan Africa： A Case Study of the Central Bilad al-Sudan

Central Bilad al-Sudan refers to the areas of the ancient Hausa states, and the domains of the ancient Kanem Bornu. As a result of the aged long commercial, cultural, and religious linkages between North Africa and the Central Sudan, one finds so many things in common among the two regions in dress, diets, cultural traits, as well as educational and religious practices. The extent of influence of the North African region on the individual and communal lives of the central Sudan has been extraordinarily great. The central Sudan is one of the most Islamized areas of West Africa, and Arabic language is second language to the Muslim communities in domestic and public spheres. And as a result of the entrenchment of Islam among the people due to the activities of North African scholars and traders the area became the hub of Islamic scholarship. The intellectual history of the Central Bilad al-Sudan cannot be complete without the mention of an Algerian scholar, Muhammad ibn Abd-A1-Kareem al-Maghili who in addition to his scholarly influence took appointment as Special Adviser in Kano in the 1460s. The same could be said of an Egyptian prolific writer, Jalal al-Deen al-Suyuti, who settled in Katsina and Gobir and also took the appointment of Grand Qadi in Katsina in the 15th century. Similarly, books of Sanhaja scholars, Shinqit Ulama＇a, as well as Spanish-Andalusian scholars via Morocco were made available and widely studied in this part of Muslim world. The combination of the activities of such scholars, literature, and learning tradition were responsible lbr the growth and development of Muslim intelligentsia in the central Bilad al-Sudan since the earliest time, and the influence continues to date. Thus this paper aims at examining the phenomenon, primarily by assessing the influence of scholars, literature, and educational institutions from the Maghreb on the intellectual development and the emergence of native scholars and intelligentsia and on the general scholarly trend in the central Bilad al-Sudan.

The Notion of Efficiency in China’s Civil Law Scholarship

The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.

An Exploratory Study of University X＇s State of Readiness： Scholarship of Teaching, Shared Governance and Change Management

In this paper we first explore what scholarship of teaching （SOT）, shared governance and change management means, both in terms of the way that is represented in the literature and the way that is understood by academic staff themselves. From this information we derive qualitative and quantitative interpretation which captures the variations found in the literature and empirical studies. In the final section we illustrate how the state of readiness in the three areas is in place for the development of the SoT, shared governance, and change management in University X.

On China’s Civil Law Codification and the Development of China’s Civil Law Scholarship

The development of the theoretical system of civil law scholarship and the codification of civil law are closely related and of promotional function to each other.The codification of civil law can promote the systematization of civil law scholarship,perfection of the value system,development and modernization of civil law studies,and the systematization of legal hermeneutics.The subjectivity of China’s civil law scholarship,i.e.,the notions of problem-orientation,nativeness,practice,the times and innovations,can be improved during China’s civil law codification.The codification of civil law can promote the development of a theoretical system of civil law scholarship with Chinese characteristics,including the development of diversified elements such as values,content,system,hermeneutics and methods of civil law.

A New Framework for Scholarship Predictor Using a Machine Learning Approach

Education is the base of the survival and growth of any state,but due to resource scarcity,students,particularly at the university level,are forced into a difficult situation.Scholarships are the most significant financial aid mechanisms developed to overcome such obstacles and assist the students in continuing with their higher studies.In this study,the convoluted situation of scholarship eligibility criteria,including parental income,responsibilities,and academic achievements,is addressed.In an attempt to maximize the scholarship selection process,numerous machine learning algorithms,including Support Vector Machines,Neural Networks,K-Nearest Neighbors,and the C4.5 algorithm,were applied.The C4.5 algorithm,owing to its efficiency in the prediction of scholarship beneficiaries based on extraneous factors,was capable of predicting a phenomenal 95.62%of predictions using extensive data of a well-esteemed government sector university from Pakistan.This percentage is 4%and 15%better than the remainder of the methods tested,and it depicts the extent of the potential for the technique to enhance the scholarship selection process.The Decision Support Systems(DSS)would not only save the administrative cost but would also create a fair and transparent process in place.In a world where accessibility to education is the key,this research provides data-oriented consolidation to ensure that deserving students are helped and allowed to get the financial assistance that they need to reach higher studies and bridge the gap between the demands of the day and the institutions of intellect.

基于用户关系管理的高校图书馆数字学术服务重塑

在数字学术与“人工智能+”融合发展的背景下,高校图书馆面临满足用户即时性、个性化、精细化需求的挑战。本文采用文献调研方法,梳理了图书馆数字学术服务研究现状,并对42所一流大学建设高校的图书馆进行了网站调研。结果显示,我国高校图书馆数字学术服务目前总体上处于实践探索期,服务内容和服务方式等方面仍有待大幅提升。为应对这些问题,本文提出了基于用户关系管理理论的服务重塑流程,通过识别需求和动机、构建用户画像、服务设计与创新、实施与监督、馆员培训与发展五个阶段的紧密互动,洞察用户的偏好与需求,提供彰显用户主体性和能动性的数字学术服务,进而提升用户的学习与研究质量。

高校虚拟教研室建设的内在逻辑与实践路向

高校虚拟教研室作为推动高等教育高质量发展的重要举措方兴未艾,其本质内涵与内在逻辑机理有待挖掘,方能突破当前简单沿袭或模仿的实践模式而建构高校教研自有的理论逻辑与实践体系。经学理分析容易发现,大学教学学术,是教学与研究的有机融合,是大学教研的完美境界,是高校虚拟教研室建设的内在逻辑与理论框架。在这一理论框架之下,虚拟教研室作为一种高校教研组织的新形态,其背后是教育数字化转型的时代背景之下的高教新教改、新形态和新质量的内在要求,其实践路向是研究驱动、技术赋能的高质量教学,具体包括:研究驱动循证教学、技术赋能高校新教改、数字测评打造质量文化、提升教师信息化教学能力和数据智慧、成果导向增进社区粘性等五个途径。

“教学学术”内涵的异化:现状、成因及对策

“教学学术”概念的提出既为教学地位和职能的复归寻绎到一条崭新思路,也确证了教学作为一种学术研究的价值意蕴。在实践中,“教学学术”却面临内涵异化的风险。目前来讲,“教学学术”的内涵大致被异化为以下四类表现,即优秀教学、教学与科研结合、学术性教学、教学科研化。究其原因是对优秀大学教学属性的片面化理解,对日益多元的教育目标的简单堆砌,“教学学术”成果难以被测量、公开、评价,大学教学管理中技术理性的过度膨胀。建议从“价值追求-角色定位-组织支持-制度保障”等四个维度探索对策。

国外高校非传统型学术的兴起、挑战及其启示

随着博耶多元学术观的提出和大学科研非学术影响力评估的兴起,国外越来越多的高校开始把非传统型学术纳入教师评价体系。然而,这种改变并不意味着高校教师会立即改变其工作模式。在推动非传统型学术纳入教师评价体系的过程中,国外高校遇到了一系列挑战与阻碍,包括学术文化、终身教职与晋升政策、同行评议制度以及教师工作负担等。在深化新时代教育评价改革的背景下,我国高校应考虑将更多类型的非传统型学术纳入教师评价体系。它不仅有助于学界深化对什么是“科研成果”的理解,而且有助于高校教师破除“唯论文”的束缚,还有助于评价教师的“社会贡献”。但是,对其背后的挑战要有充分而清醒的认识。

嵌入式数字学术馆员服务模式与能力培养策略

文章以数字学术馆员角色定位、岗位职责为切入点,分析嵌入式数字学术服务的内涵与模式,探讨嵌入式数字学术馆员主动服务能力培养与提升策略。认为数字学术馆员应在时间、空间、过程嵌入基础上创新性地采用“人员嵌入”方式深度融入数字学术团队中,并主动提供面向数字学术全生命周期的技术支持与知识服务。数字学术服务部门应立足于主动服务实践培养嵌入式数字学术馆员,不断强化其沟通交流、合作研究与团队协作能力,构建并逐步完善职业能力培训体系,形成服务绩效考核与竞争上岗的团队管理机制,为嵌入式数字学术馆员终身学习习惯养成创造条件。

基于业务流程管理的高校图书馆数字学术服务提升路径研究——以某“双一流”大学图书馆为例

[目的/意义]在大数据、人工智能、区块链等信息技术飞速发展的时代背景下,开展数字学术服务成为高校图书馆发展的主要趋势之一。本文以某“双一流”大学图书馆为例,对我国高校图书馆数字学术服务流程进行梳理,归纳有效的服务提升路径。[研究设计/方法]综合运用BPM方法与案例研究法,通过对该大学图书馆业务部门负责人进行半结构化访谈获取研究数据,分析数据库荐购、文献计量、机构知识库、教学培训、参考咨询、查收查引和科技查新的业务流程,并绘制复杂流程的泳道图。通过PPMS方法,从资金维度、人力维度、用户维度、社会维度和创新维度对数字学术服务的业务流程进行了分析评估。[结论/发现]该大学图书馆的数字学术服务存在业务较分散、部分业务环节重复、以“馆藏驱动”为核心动力、以及新兴信息技术引入较为有限的问题。未来可通过架构顶层设计、识别用户需求、设计服务框架、融入服务流程、完善运营评估机制五方面的路径,对数字学术服务的业务流程进行优化提升,改善服务质量。[创新/价值]创新性地使用BPM方法对我国高校图书馆数字学术服务的业务流程进行了深度解析,提出了高校图书馆数字学术服务业务优化路径,对于我国高校图书馆在未来开展和改进本馆的数字学术服务业务具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

从高校管理者角度探讨中国研究生奖学金评定现状

奖学金评定是高校教育管理的重要工作之一。本文对中国当前研究生奖学金评定的现状和问题进行研究,从明确价值导向、细化评定细则和优化评定过程几个维度提出建议,为更好地开展研究生奖学金评定工作提供借鉴和参考。

美国佛罗里达大学图书馆提升馆员数字学术服务能力的实践与启示

[目的/意义]图书馆员的数字学术服务能力是开展高质量数字学术服务的重要保障。深入剖析国外高校图书馆提升馆员数字学术服务能力的实践项目,可以为国内高校图书馆提升馆员数字学术服务能力提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程]文章以美国佛罗里达大学数字人文图书馆小组实施的“发展中的图书馆员”项目为研究对象,基于文献调研和网络调研的方法,从实施背景、实施特点和成效评估3个方面调研了该项目的实施经验。[结果/结论]“发展中的图书馆员”项目利用有限的人力、经费和空间资源有效提高了图书馆员开展数字学术服务的技能和信心、激发了更多图书馆员参与数字学术服务的意愿和兴趣。建议国内高校图书馆在借鉴经验的基础上,从4个方面着力提升图书馆员的数字学术服务能力:自上而下倡导数字学术服务理念、由浅入深设计馆员能力培训方案、由表及里开展项目成效评估工作、由内而外建立数字学术实践社区。

来华留学生奖学金制度的发展历程、现实困境及改进建议

来华留学生奖学金制度对于扩大来华留学生规模和优化来华留学生结构具有重要意义。来华留学生奖学金制度在70多年的发展过程中经历了一元发展、“一主多元”发展和完善提质发展三个阶段。当前来华留学生奖学金制度仍面临“一主多元”期间奖学金资助体系多元化程度有待提高,奖学金货币化改革不够深入,奖学金资优激励功能尚需加强,发放和使用过程中监管乏力等问题。对此,应精进“一主多元”来华留学生奖学金制度的多元化发展,推进奖学金货币化改革深入发展,促进来华留学生奖学金资优激励功能的充分发挥,加强对来华留学生奖学金发放和使用过程的监管。

芬兰赫尔辛基大学教学发展的理念与实践探析

芬兰赫尔辛基大学在教育教学方面取得的卓越成就,离不开其独特的以研究为基础的教学发展理念。大学的价值观、大学教学理念的原则以及大学研究和教学的道德原则等均体现了赫尔辛基大学以研究为基础的教学发展理念。为落实教学发展理念,赫尔辛基大学关注与激励教师的教学能力发展,重视发挥学生参与和反馈的作用,实施教学质量监测与评估,并通过加强国际合作来促进教学发展。借鉴其经验,同时结合我国实际,本研究认为应从多维度精准助推教师教学发展,坚持以教学发展来服务于学生主体,营造优秀的教学文化、鼓励教师的教学学术发展,构建教师分类聘任制度、重视教学评价,开展评估调查和获取反馈、加强教学质量管理等方面来推进我国大学的教学发展。

高校图书馆员数字学术服务能力提升策略

文章总结提炼高校图书馆员数字学术服务能力构成要素,结合数字学术服务发展进程构建高校图书馆员数字学术服务能力层次发展模型,并提出馆员数字学术服务能力提升策略,即倡导数字学术服务理念,疏解馆员技术压力;培养数字意识与思维,掌握数字工具与技术技能;支持项目式培训,注重项目成效评估;发展数字学术实践社区,促进跨部门跨机构交流合作。

梁启超的变局观念与史家自觉——以《李鸿章》为中心的考察

《李鸿章》是梁启超“新史学”思想付诸实践的成果,也是晚清思想史上的一项重要标本。梁启超根据进化史观,基于“过渡时代”的视角,纵论李鸿章的生平经历和成败得失,揭示了“世界之中国”时代的历史变迁大势。该书体现了一种新型“史识”和史家自觉,反映了梁启超对晚清士大夫“变局”观的承接和超越。梁著及相关文本开创了一套关于中国近代史的整体贯通论述,对于20世纪中国近代史学术体系的构建具有重要意义和深远影响。

实证法学概念笔谈

本刊“实证·数量法学”栏目在上一期刊登了《“实证法学”的概念术语回顾与回归——基于文献的实证法学研究整合路径》。为帮助读者更深入地了解这个话题,编辑部诚邀对此领域有研究的学者或相关术语的提出者撰写评论或衍生论文。本期展现的三篇文章异常宝贵,四位作者在极短时间内贡献了精彩且极具深度的评论。白建军教授围绕为什么需要实证研究,从七个方面论述了实证法学研究立足于具体、实然问题,号召科学、客观地研究法律世界的实际价值。刘建宏教授和余频博士关注实证研究的原意,以弱化概念差异和消除误解为基本出发点,从历史过程寻找术语背后的共识,围绕理论思维、资料素材、定性或定量方法框架,阐明实证研究对四个方面法学问题的意义。程龙副教授围绕实证法学和人工智能法学在方法论与选题上的联系和差异,以二者的不可通约性为前提,论证了人工智能法学的正当性。三篇评论虽然主题各异,但都从方法和问题角度肯定了实证法学的意义,剖析了利用各种资料展开实证研究的价值,回顾和展望了实证法学现在及将来可以及可能取得的成就。