The Two Cultures of Science: Implications for University-Industry Relationships in the U.S. Agriculture Biotechnology

Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.

Science Fiction as a Manifestation of Culture in America

Culture is broadly viewed as all the human activities that define us as a species. ″Sturgeon’s Law″ (that 90% of everything is inferior) is introduced to defend the study of fiction, and science fiction in particular, in higher education as a way of understanding ourselves better, and perhaps improving the world through the increased understanding of tomorrow’s leaders. Several ways of reading particular works of science fiction are examined, like providing historical contexts for readers, close reading and structural analysis, and application of theories based on particular ideologies or from other disciplines in the social and political sciences (such as feminist theory, Marxist theory, psychological theory, etc.). A conclusion is drawn that for literary analysis, a hybrid methodology, one devised individually for each text, works best.

Campus Landscape and Campus Culture of Henan University of Science and Technology

Due to the differences in disciplines and regional cultural spirits,the campus landscape of Chinese universities has varying cultural connotations.Campus landscape is not only a reflection of regional school history and culture,but also a potential factor affecting students'ideology and values.At present,some colleges and universities in China only concern and consider the visual impact effect of campus landscape construction,while others take landscape planning and construction as an accessory of the main building,which seriously affects the soul guiding role of campus culture in campus landscape.The internal and external landscape pattern of Henan University of Science and Technology with landscape road and water system as the framework,as well as core scenic spots with rich cultural connotations,such as“Peony Dinghu map”,“Yueqin Lake”,embody the university history and culture,the characteristics of western Henan architecture and the specific campus culture positioning,providing a stark example for landscape planning and design of other colleges and universities in the future.

《科学文化(英文)》(Cultures of Science)期刊与SAGE出版集团商谈国际合作出版事宜

2月27日,《科学文化(英文)》(Cultures of Science)期刊在英国伦敦与SAGE出版集团人文社科期刊出版负责人就双方国际合作出版事宜进行商谈。期刊联合主编中国科协创新战略研究院(以下简称创新院)院长任福君教授、加拿大魁北克大学Bernard Schiele教授出席会议。

Innovative Practice of Science and Technology Supported Western Village Public Cultural Services in China

The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.

Approaches of Scientific and Cultural Communication Constructed by Wuhan Museum of Science and Technology in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road initiative is in the first instance,the barrier-free communication in ideology and culture.To cooperate with the Belt and Road initiative,excellent exhibitions in cultural technology and history from other nations are brought in Wuhan Museum of Science and Technology(hereinafter referred to as WMST).WMST’s own science education achievements are going global in both online and offline ways to support and get involved in the initiative and contribute to international communications.

Study on Ethnical Bamboo Culture Ecotourism in Yunnan Province

As a specific region most abundant in bamboo species and their natural forests i n the world, China's Yunnan Province harbors over 250 bamboo species belongin g to 28 genera in its 331 000?hm\+2 of bamboo forests,thus forming a unique macro\| ba ckground of its ecotourist landscape resources.Not only is it acknowledged as on e of the original places and modern distribution centers of bamboo by scientists ,but it is a region with diverse ethnical and bamboo cultures nurtured out of th e peculiar ethnical customs and wide bamboo utilization of its 26 nationalities. Based on the analyses of the ornamental bamboo and its value in landscape resour ces,5 aesthetic characteristics are microscopically and morphologically approach ed as a material base of the formation of bamboo culture.By reexamining the macr o\|background of the specific natural and humanity landscape,4 categories are de scribed as fundamental macro\|landscape resources of Yunnan's bamboo culture eco tourism.After researching the ethnical ecological ethics and cultural symbolism, 3 typical ethnical traditions are summarized as traditional ecological awareness ,and 3 cultural features of bamboo are revealed as essence of ethnical bamboo cu lture preserved in Yunnan.Borrowing some theories from the new economic developm ent,innovation and successful ecotourist management experience at home and abroa d with wide academic vision,the authors have synthetically studied the substanti al,conceptual and symbolic landscapes in a broad field involving bamboo science, ethnology,ecology,ecoeconomics and tourist management.A preliminary theory of e thnical bamboo culture is thus constructed,and its peculiarities are briefly dis cussed while the correlation between ethnical bamboo culture and the natural res ources,other cultures as well as ecotourist development are systematically analy zed to lay a solid theoretical foundation and reliable scientific basis for ecoe conomy\|oriented forestry,cultural economics and ecotourist practice.Accordingly ,3 primary strategies and certain related principles are suggested for the susta inable development of ecotourism in Yunnan via effective protection and rational exploitation of abundant natural landscape resources and colorful humanity land scape resources including ethnical bamboo culture.

图书馆科普教育的活动化创新与运营实践——以海外图书馆Summer Science项目为例

[目的/意义]针对国内图书馆科普教育实践存在的参与主体单一、适用范围窄、社会认知度不高等问题,探索公共图书馆科普的创新路径,以推动国内公共图书馆科普研究及实践的发展。[方法/过程]从中国图书馆科普教育工作的现实背景出发,界定图书馆科普及相关概念,分析美国公共图书馆Summer Science项目的典型案例,归纳总结其主要构成元素与运营模式。[结果/结论]公共图书馆科普教育可以通过跨界合作、创新宣传、丰富活动形式与主题提升活动质量,扩大受众群体,形成品牌效应,增强社会效益,实现图书馆科普活动的创新发展。

中文语境下“Forensic Science”界定与诠释

作为美国司法制度的一项有机组成部分,"Forensic Science"已与其诉讼法律文化紧密融为一体。美国诉讼活动中,双方当事人对于某项专门性问题进行举证时,往往需要运用被称为"Forensic Science"的科学实证活动予以证明。在将"Forensic Science"一词引入国内的同时,必须在中文语境基础上对其进行准确界定与诠释。通过中美诉讼法律文化的比较研究,并对我国现有相关专业术语进行辨析后可以发现,"司法鉴定"一词与"Forensic Science"不仅在内涵、外延上较为吻合,亦符合我国诉讼制度与司法实践的现实要求。同时,采用"司法鉴定"一词,还可以充分反映出"Forensic Science"的本质属性,避免因中文界定的偏差而造成不必要的争议与误解。

DRESS-ORNAMENTING CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ART

This paper deals with the problem of dress-ornamenting culture and environmental art,whichconsists of three parts:A.Dress-ornamenting culture and environmental art of great significanceto China’s textile industry today,B.The true essence of dress-ornamenting culture andenvironmental art in the course of production and reproduction of real life and C.A severe chal-lenge to China’s textile industry by the new development of dress-ornamenting culture andenvironmental art.

Attitudes of young scholars in Qingdao and Hamburg about climate changeand climate policy The role of culture for the explanation of differences

This article analyses differences in the attitudes related to climate change of young scholars in environmental science in Qingdao (China) and Hamburg (Germany). The main aim of the article is to evaluate the role of cultural differences for their explanation. We expect no significant differences in the attitudes related to the findings of climate research, since scientific principles are the joint basis of the scientific discourse wordwide. However, we expect that there are differences in the attitudes of the young scholars about the role of science, of the state and of the civil society for dealing with the challenge of climate change. We suggest that these can be explained with substantial cultural differences between both societies, with regard to the role of the state and the civil society for the solution of environmental problems. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, we have conducted a comparative survey among environmental science students in Qingdao (China) and Hamburg (Germany) about their attitudes towards climate change. The findings support our main hypotheses. The young scholars in Qingdao and Hamburg differ substantially in their views of the role of science in society and policymaking. Plausibly, these differences may mainly be explained with differences in the cultural ideas about the role of the state and of the civil society for the solution of environmental problems. Gradual differences in the share of young scholars who think that climate change has anthropogenic causes, may be explained with differences in the curriculum but also by cultural habits. This article makes a new contribution to the scientific debate by exploring the role of cultural differences for differences in the attitudes of young scholars in environmental science in connection with climate change and climate policy in different cultural contexts.

新中国建国70年以来我国体育科学研究的国际化发展——基于Web of Science核心合集文献(1949─2018)的科学知识图谱分析

采用文献计量学科学知识图谱方法,对Web of Science核心数据库Sport Sciences学科收录我国体育科学研究文献(1949─2018)进行检索,运用Web of Science统计数据和CiteSpace科学知识图谱工具,对新中国建国70年以来体育科学研究国际化发展现状进行统计与分析。研究结果表明:(1)WOS收录我国体育科学研究文献数量增长迅速,发表论文与综述的高影响力期刊不断增加,我国体育科学研究广泛开展国际合作,但是仍然有比较大的提升空间;(2)目前WOS收录我国体育科学研究文献主要以运动医学和生理学为主,我国体育人文、社会科学亟须提升国际化水平;(3)我国体育科学研究文献被引次数和共被引次数总体仍然处于较低水平,需进一步提升我国体育科学研究的质量。

Christian Associations in Hollywood Science Fiction Films

Hollywood movies are profoundly influenced by American culture while promoting its mainstream ideologies and core values via the silver screen.The Christian elements embodied in Hollywood science fiction films reflect the importance of Christianity in American culture and distinguish themselves from science fictions made in other countries,therefore serve the studies of Hollywood films and American culture.

Chinese Culture and Cognitive Science

In the civilizations of the axial age,Chinese and Western cultures gave birth to different scientific traditions—the image sciences and the natural sciences—within the knowledge frameworks of the union of man and nature and of the subject–object dichotomy respectively.Therefore,there are inevitably insurmountable barriers to explaining the differences between Chinese and Western cultures in terms of a natural science concerned with“things.”However,human nature is universal,and it is possible to make direct comparisons and interpretations of the differences between Chinese and Western cultures in terms of the cognitive sciences dealing with the mind.One important way to compare and interpret Chinese culture and cognitive science is the mutual interpretation of Chinese and Western cultures.In view of this,we have integrated enactive cognition(the frontier of cognitive science)and the free energy principle to propose the predictive mind model of enactive cognition and have used this mutual interpretation to study the two cultures using this model of cognitive science as a truly unified cross-cultural paradigm for cognitive science.First,the theory of enaction embedded in Chinese culture is actually closely related to enactive cognition,the frontier of Western cognitive science.Laozi’s theory of universal enaction(cosmology)shows that Chinese culture has an ancient theory of enaction.He firmly planted in the minds of Chinese people a way of thinking dealing with union of man and nature.Western enactive cognition,as a modern theory,advocates continuity of life and mind and emphasizes that life is both autopoietic and cognitive,which is actually a scientific cognitive expression of the Chinese cultural idea of the harmony of man and nature.This is actually a scientific cognitive expression of Chinese culture’s idea of the harmony of man and nature.Second,the qi in Chinese culture is similar to the free energy in Western cognitive science.In terms of concept definition,qi is a mixture of matter,function and principles(information),while free energy is the synthesis of energy and information.From the point of view of the mode of operation,qi is the contradictory harmony between yin and yang,while free energy is the unity of top-down and bottom-up approaches.In terms of kinetic purpose,the kinetic purpose of qi is the doctrine of benevolence,while the kinetic purpose of free energy has gradually changed from representation of nature to construction of meaning.Through comparison and interpretation,we find that enactive cognition is closely related to Chinese culture on the cognitive science route,in what will be a practical path for the rejuvenation of Chinese culture.In addition,through the association of qi in Chinese culture and free energy in Western cognitive science,Chinese and Western cultures can be expected to be truly connected through cognitive science.

Stand Above Reality Look Over It——On the Symbiosis of Chinese Culture and Science Fiction

This article presents both traditional Confucian vision of the human living and the new trend in the late development of science fiction criticism.It concludes that science fiction is a powerful tool to reconsider our human society,and only under this presupposition can we find a suitable way for the development of science fiction in Confucian China.

Traditional medicines:Science meets culture

Joint meeting of the GP-TCM Research Association,the TCM Chemistry Specialty Committee and the TCM Pharmaceutical Analysis Specialty Committee of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies13th-15thJuly 2015,Mons,Belgium Final AnnouncementThe Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association（GP-TCM RA）and the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies（WFCMS）invite all scientists from academia,industries,and other fields,dealing with traditional Chinese medicine,natural medicine,medicinal plants and

Modern British Scientific and Technological Societies and Agricultural Development

In modern Britain,the scientific and technological societies represented by the Royal Society and the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society were extremely prosperous.Their series of activities provided scientific and technological support for the development of British industry and agriculture.Based on the detailed case studies of the Royal Society and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society and other societies from domestic and foreign academic circles,this paper summarized the development status of modern British scientific and technological societies as a whole,sorted out the history of societies participating in British agriculture,and analyzed the contribution of scientific and technological societies to the development of modern British agriculture.

Intercultural Dialogue in the Teaching of Pope Benedict XVI

This paper is devoted to intercultural dialogue from the point of view of Pope Benedict XVI （pontificate between 2005 and 2013）. It presents pontifical documents, statements, and speeches dedicated to this issue as well as the conclusions resulting from them. The aim of the paper is to prove that intercultural dialogue and interreligious dialogue are within the context of a new scientific discipline--political science of religion--which deals with the issues of relations between the sphere of religion and the sphere of politics. Intercultural dialogue is tightly connected to interreligious dialogue. Interreligious and intercultural dialogue allows to create the world based on brotherhood and reconciliation. They are the foundation of the future, an effective tool to build a civilization of love and they are born out of God＇s mercy.

The Attention and Research of Domestic Academia on Public Cultural Service--Based on the Analysis of National Social Fund Project during Recent 20 Years

The construction of public cultural service is a practical way that safeguard people's basic cultural rights and interests,which is a upper design to construct a powerful culture of secialist country.It is of great significance to build a whole well-off society.The article is based on some cases of National Social Science Fund on the aspects of Public Cultural Service Project during 1994 to 2015 and put forward some advice and ideas in order to offer reference and lessens for the theoretical research and exploration of our country's Public Cultural Service.

科技审度与新科技文化

审度科技文化,其要在审时度势,得出恰当的结论,作出必要的抉择。从科技审度的观点看,科学成为主流文化后所滋生的科技文化霸权,已使科学与文化渐行渐远。随着宽容文化理念的兴起,在科学与艺术、人文之间,出现了对话与融合的趋势。当下科学发展的主要方向,就是要重新找回科学所失去的文化内蕴,重建一种有文化的科学,即所谓新科技文化。寻求真善美的和谐统一,乃是科技发展中最主要的价值走向。