Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part IV: Fraud Ordered by the Pharmaceutical Industry

In a series of papers under the common title: “Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications,” cases of undisputable breaches of publication ethics and breaches of acceptable rules in the publication of scientific information have been presented. Clear cases of fraud, falsification by some authors, and unqualified review of papers by reviewers and editors were presented in: Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications, (2012) American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 443-447 DOI:10.4236/ajac.2012.36058. The place of authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher was discussed in: Editorial: Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part II: The Authors’, Reviewers’, Editors’ Responsibility, and the Publishers’ Authority, (2013) International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 81-89 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijamsc.2013.12010, Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part III: Publishers’ Ethics and Editors’ Com- plicity, (2014) International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 77-102. DOI: 10.4236/ijamsc.2014.23008 and in the book Historical Overview of Chromatography and Related Techniques in Analysis of Antimalarial Drug Primaquine (Editor, Ilia Brondz) Nova Science Publishers, Inc., (2011) ISSN 978-1-61761-944-1. Here, the corrupting influence of the pharmaceutical industry as a customer and employer of pseudoresearchers and corrupt editors and even to corrupt journal publishers for publication of fraudulent information and pseudoscientific data will be discussed by identifying the authors of pseudoscientific publications, the editors who gave the green light for the fraudulent publication, and the pharmaceutical companies involved. Documentation will be given to support the accusations of fabricated fraudulent “scientific” data, and the publication of such data without sufficient revision and sufficient background for publication of papers will be illustrated by discussing the content of papers: “Determination of Quinocide as Impurityin Primaquine Tablets by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis,” Abdalla A. Elbashir et al., (2009) Biomedical Chromatography, Vol. 23, pp. 464-471, published in Wiley Interscience, “Development of a Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Enantioselective Estimation of Primaquine in Pharmaceutical Formulations,” Abdalla A. Elbashir et al., (2008) Journal of AOAC International, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 536-541, “Enantioselective Analysis of Primaquine and Its Impurity Quinocide by Capillary Electrophoresis,” Abdalla A. Elbashir et al., (2009) Biomedical Chromatography, Vol. 23, pp. 295-301, published in Wiley Interscience and other pseudoscientific publications by these teams of pseudoscientists.

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VII: Providing High-Quality Academic English—OnLine English

Correct grammar, coherent structure, fluent expression, and clear presentation are necessities for academic literature in the sciences and humanities. For scientific papers, these parameters are important to authors as well as to readers, especially for scientists who wish to understand the theory or to replicate the results. Today, most scientific and humanities journals are published in English. There are journals in Chinese, German, Hindi, Russian and other languages;however, for international use in science, business, and computer hardware and software, English is the dominant language. English is also used in diplomacy and for all kinds of international communications by people who have various other native languages. In this paper, we will present one of the leading international providers of high-quality academic English—OnLine English (OLE) and some of the functions of this service will be described.

Analytical Methods in the Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part II: The Authors’, Reviewers’, Editors’ Responsibility, and the Publishers’ Authority

Publication of scientific documents as research reports and original papers has an important place in displaying the authors’ knowledge, integrity, responsibility, and honesty. The same is true for the reviewers and editors. The authority of a publisher strongly depends on the qualifications of the experts who review the manuscripts, and the recommendations they provide to the authors and editors. The honesty of the authors, reviewers, and editors is of the utmost importance. The author of the paper titled “Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Scientific Publications”, which was published in theAmerican Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2012, 3, 443-447 (DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.36058) had criticized the paper published by Dongreet al., “Application of GC-EI-MS for the Identification and Investigation of Positional Isomer in Primaquine, an Antimalarial Drug, ”Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2005, 39, 111-116 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.019), for presenting falsifications in this publication. Neither the reviewer northe Edi-tor-in-Chief Bezhan Chankvetadze of the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysishas reacted to accusations of falsification. If a reviewer and editor are poorly qualified, unprincipled, or even corrupt, as was suggested by Bob Grant inThe Scientistmagazine (http://www.the-scientist.com/display/55679/#ixzz0mmsPoMIS), it is not good enough to consider simply that the publisher / journal has a high ranking and is indexed in PubMed or the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). In this editorial, we report a profound misunderstanding oralack of knowledge by the authors Shixue G., Zhuoyu L., and Wei W., in their paper published in ZhongguoYaoye China Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2005, pp. 36-37 and a similar lack of professionalism by reviewers and editors. The influence and the role of internationally used pharmacopeias, such as The British Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, and United States Pharmacopeia are shown as the main initiators and drivers of these misunderstandings.

General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Scientific publications on orthopedic surgery from three major East Asian countries(2012-2021)

BACKGROUND East Asia is the most dynamic region in the world and includes three major countries:Japan,South Korea and China.Due to rapid economic growth,orthopedics research in East Asia has achieved great advances during the past 10 years.However,the current status of orthopedic research in Japan,South Korea and China is still unclear.AIM To understand the current status of orthopedic research in Japan,South Korea,and China.METHODS Journals listed in the“Orthopedics”category of Science Citation Index Expanded subject categories were included.The PubMed and Web of Knowledge electronic databases were searched to identify scientific publications from the selected journals written by researchers from Japan,South Korea and China.A systematic analysis was conducted to analyze orthopedic research articles published in the three countries based on the number of articles,study design,impact factors(IFs)and citations.Furthermore,we also ranked the top 10 countries worldwide with the highest publications in the past 10 years.Additionally,we ranked the top 10 countries with the highest number of publications in the world in the past 10 years.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,United States),and statistical results are given in Tables and Figures.The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to detect differences between countries.The tendency regarding the number of articles was analyzed by curvilinear regression.A two-tailed P<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS From 2012-2021,a total of 144518 articles were published in the 86 selected orthopedic journals.During this period,the number of worldwide published orthopedic articles has shown an annual increasing trend.A total of 27164 orthopedic research articles were published by Japan,South Korea and China during the past 10 years;44.32%were from China,32.98%were from Japan,and 22.70%were from South Korea.From 2012 to 2021,the annual number of articles markedly increased in each of the three countries.Over time,the worldwide share of articles increased substantially in South Korea(3.37%to 6.53%,P<0.001)and China(5.29%to 9.61%,P<0.001).However,the worldwide share of articles significantly decreased in Japan(5.22%to 3.80%,P<0.001).The annual total IFs of articles from China were well above those of articles from Japan and South Korea(36597.69 vs 27244.48 vs 20657.83,P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the articles in the top 10 high-IF orthopedics journals published from those three countries[South Korea(800)>China(787)>Japan(646),P>0.05].CONCLUSION Over the past 10 years,China’s scientific publications in orthopedic journals have shown an increasing trend.Considering the relative scale of the populations,Japan and South Korea have outpaced China with respect to quality.

Early identification of scientific breakthroughs through outlier analysis based on research entities

Purpose:To address the“anomalies”that occur when scientific breakthroughs emerge,this study focuses on identifying early signs and nascent stages of breakthrough innovations from the perspective of outliers,aiming to achieve early identification of scientific breakthroughs in papers.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes semantic technology to extract research entities from the titles and abstracts of papers to represent each paper’s research content.Outlier detection methods are then employed to measure and analyze the anomalies in breakthrough papers during their early stages.The development and evolution process are traced using literature time tags.Finally,a case study is conducted using the key publications of the 2021 Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine.Findings:Through manual analysis of all identified outlier papers,the effectiveness of the proposed method for early identifying potential scientific breakthroughs is verified.Research limitations:The study’s applicability has only been empirically tested in the biomedical field.More data from various fields are needed to validate the robustness and generalizability of the method.Practical implications:This study provides a valuable supplement to current methods for early identification of scientific breakthroughs,effectively supporting technological intelligence decision-making and services.Originality/value:The study introduces a novel approach to early identification of scientific breakthroughs by leveraging outlier analysis of research entities,offering a more sensitive,precise,and fine-grained alternative method compared to traditional citation-based evaluations,which enhances the ability to identify nascent breakthrough innovations.

Detecting LLM-assisted writing in scientific communication:Are we there yet?

Large Language Models(LLMs),exemplified by ChatGPT,have significantly reshaped text generation,particularly in the realm of writing assistance.While ethical considerations underscore the importance of transparently acknowledging LLM use,especially in scientific communication,genuine acknowledgment remains infrequent.A potential avenue to encourage accurate acknowledging of LLM-assisted writing involves employing automated detectors.Our evaluation of four cutting-edge LLM-generated text detectors reveals their suboptimal performance compared to a simple ad-hoc detector designed to identify abrupt writing style changes around the time of LLM proliferation.We contend that the development of specialized detectors exclusively dedicated to LLM-assisted writing detection is necessary.Such detectors could play a crucial role in fostering more authentic recognition of LLM involvement in scientific communication,addressing the current challenges in acknowledgment practices.

SciCN:A Scientific Dataset for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly promoted the NER research in the English field.By contrast,much fewer efforts are made to the Chinese NER research,especially in the scientific domain,due to the scarcity of Chinese NER datasets.To alleviate this problem,we present aChinese scientificNER dataset–SciCN,which contains entity annotations of titles and abstracts derived from 3,500 scientific papers.We manually annotate a total of 62,059 entities,and these entities are classified into six types.Compared to English scientific NER datasets,SciCN has a larger scale and is more diverse,for it not only contains more paper abstracts but these abstracts are derived from more research fields.To investigate the properties of SciCN and provide baselines for future research,we adapt a number of previous state-of-theart Chinese NER models to evaluate SciCN.Experimental results show that SciCN is more challenging than other Chinese NER datasets.In addition,previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using lexicons to enhance Chinese NER models.Motivated by this fact,we provide a scientific domain-specific lexicon.Validation results demonstrate that our lexicon delivers better performance gains than lexicons of other domains.We hope that the SciCN dataset and the lexicon will enable us to benchmark the NER task regarding the Chinese scientific domain and make progress for future research.The dataset and lexicon are available at:https://github.com/yangjingla/SciCN.git.

A Brief Overview of the Development and Significance of Modern Scientific Medicine in China:Take Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College as an Example

Since the early 20th century,China has gradually established a clinical,educational,and research system centered around modern scientific medicine,which has now become the dominant force in China's medical and health system and services,with the construction and development of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College as the most prominent symbol.The scientific medicine in the new era requires close cooperation across multiple disciplines and fields to build a high-quality and efficient medical and health service system.It also involves combining the excellent traditional Chinese culture with Western medicine to explore a unique path of modern scientific medicine with Chinese characteristics.

Cultivation Path of Nursing Undergraduates’Scientific Research and Innovation Ability

Objective: The cultivation of the innovation ability and scientific research is one of the nursing learning objectives for undergraduate students. To explore the method and effect of training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332”. Methods: Three course learning modules are constructed: stage-based course learning module, systematic project practice training module and comprehensive practice training module. A practical training platform for scientific research innovation projects is built, and undergraduate scientific research innovation ability training is carried out from both in-class and out-of-class lines. Results: Since 2017, the students have obtained 7 national innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, 52 university-level undergraduate scientific research projects, published more than 10 academic papers, and obtained 2 patent authorization. Conclusions: The training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332” is conducive to the development of scientific research innovation ability of nursing students, and to cultivate nursing talents who can adapt to the development of the new era and have better post competence.

A bibliometric analysis using machine learning to track paradigm shifts and analytical advances in forest ecology and forestry journal publications from 2010 to 2022

Forest habitats are critical for biodiversity,ecosystem services,human livelihoods,and well-being.Capacity to conduct theoretical and applied forest ecology research addressing direct(e.g.,deforestation)and indirect(e.g.,climate change)anthropogenic pressures has benefited considerably from new field-and statistical-techniques.We used machine learning and bibliometric structural topic modelling to identify 20 latent topics comprising four principal fields from a corpus of 16,952 forest ecology/forestry articles published in eight ecology and five forestry journals between 2010 and 2022.Articles published per year increased from 820 in 2010 to 2,354 in 2021,shifting toward more applied topics.Publications from China and some countries in North America and Europe dominated,with relatively fewer articles from some countries in West and Central Africa and West Asia,despite globally important forest resources.Most study sites were in some countries in North America,Central Asia,and South America,and Australia.Articles utilizing R statistical software predominated,increasing from 29.5%in 2010 to 71.4%in 2022.The most frequently used packages included lme4,vegan,nlme,MuMIn,ggplot2,car,MASS,mgcv,multcomp and raster.R was more often used in forest ecology than applied forestry articles.R software offers advantages in script and workflow-sharing compared to other statistical packages.Our findings demonstrate that the disciplines of forest ecology/forestry are expanding both in number and scope,aided by more sophisticated statistical tools,to tackle the challenges of redressing forest habitat loss and the socio-economic impacts of deforestation.

A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels

Purpose:Recently,global science has shown an increasing open trend,however,the characteristics of research integrity of open access(OA)publications have rarely been studied.The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of retracted articles across different OA levels and discover whether OA level influences the characteristics of retracted articles.Design/methodology/approach:The research conducted an analysis of 6,005 retracted publications between 2001 and 2020 from the Web of Science and Retraction Watch databases.These publications were categorized based on their OA levels,including Gold OA,Green OA,and non-OA.The study explored retraction rates,time lags and reasons within these categories.Findings:The findings of this research revealed distinct patterns in retraction rates among different OA levels.Publications with Gold OA demonstrated the highest retraction rate,followed by Green OA and non-OA.A comparison of retraction reasons between Gold OA and non-OA categories indicated similar proportions,while Green OA exhibited a higher proportion due to falsification and manipulation issues,along with a lower occurrence of plagiarism and authorship issues.The retraction time lag was shortest for Gold OA,followed by non-OA,and longest for Green OA.The prolonged retraction time for Green OA could be attributed to an atypical distribution of retraction reasons.A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels Research limitations:There is no exploration of a wider range of OA levels,such as Hybrid OA and Bronze OA.Practical implications:The outcomes of this study suggest the need for increased attention to research integrity within the OA publications.The occurrences offalsification,manipulation,and ethical concerns within Green OA publications warrant attention from the scientific community.Originality/value:This study contributes to the understanding of research integrity in the realm of OA publications,shedding light on retraction patterns and reasons across different OA levels.

The Four Dimensional Connotation Definition of Scientific Understanding of the Ocean and Human Practical Achievements

By analyzing the sustainable development process of strengthening marine environmental protection and global reporting and assessment of marine environmental conditions since the Human Environment Conference, this paper summarizes the scientific connotation of “scientific understanding of the ocean” reflected in the United Nations Global Marine Environmental Assessment Report, proposes the etymological definition and specific coverage, representative global and regional practical experience of scientific understanding of the ocean, and further analyzes and defines the human activities and cognitive evolution process of “scientific understanding of the ocean”. It marks the leap in human cognition in four dimensions: observation and evaluation, intervention and regulation, disciplinary knowledge system, and supporting guarantee system. It condenses the connotation definitions and human practical achievements of each dimension, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen marine environmental protection and sustainable development.

Scientific Data Intellectual Property Research by Literature Statistics

The main obstacle to the open sharing of scientific data is the lack of a legal protection system for intellectual property.This article analyzes the progress of research papers on intellectual property in scientific data in China through literature search and statistics.Currently,research subjects are unbalanced,research content is uneven,research methods are intellectual single,and research depth is insufficient.It is recommended that different stakeholders engage in deep cross disciplinary cooperation,further improve China’s legal and policy protection system for scientific data intellectual property,and promote the open sharing of scientific data.

Application of Academic Salons in Cultivating the Scientific Research Skills of First-Year Nursing Master’s Students

Objective:To explore the application effect of academic salons on developing the scientific research skills of first-year nursing master’s students.Methods:According to Wallas’four-stage model of the creative process,from November 2022 to February 2023,66 first-year nursing master’s students from the School of Nursing at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were selected using a convenient sampling method to participate in a multidisciplinary academic salon consisting of a total of 8 sessions held once every two weeks.Before the first and after the last academic salon,postgraduate research skills evaluation questionnaires and perception of research skills acquisition questionnaires were used to assess first-year nursing master’s students.A semi-structured interview was conducted with nine students after the final academic salon.Results:The total scores for scientific research skills and sense of achievement among first-year nursing master’s students after the academic salon were higher than those before the salon,and the difference was statistically significant.The interview results showed that the“salon theme,”“tutor comments,”and“sharer output”are the focus of the first-year nursing master’s students in the academic salon.Conclusions:Academic salons can enhance postgraduate students’scientific research skills and foster a greater appreciation for scientific research.We can enhance academic salons by carefully choosing relevant themes,inviting knowledgeable presenters and expert tutors to provide feedback,and prioritizing equality and effective communication.

The Impact of Student Club Development on the Scientific Literacy of Vocational College Students

This paper explores the impact of student club development on the scientific literacy of vocational college students.As society increasingly values innovation and scientific literacy,vocational colleges bear a significant responsibility in cultivating students’overall quality.Taking the Modeling and Simulation student club as a case study,the research team conducted a 12-week study.The results indicate that various club activities aimed at enhancing scientific literacy have positively influenced the development of students’scientific competencies.Students’practical skills and innovative thinking have been effectively improved.Our research demonstrates the positive role of student clubs in enhancing the scientific literacy of vocational college students,providing valuable experience and references for the development of similar clubs in the future.

Three Dimensions of Cultivating New Generations: Value Implication, Scientific Connotation, and Cultivation Path

The new generation of the times is the latest requirement for young people in the new era,and it is the latest training goal for young people put forward by the Party and the country in the face of the second centennial goal.At the 19th National Congress,it was put forward by the country that the concept of“new generation of the times”for the first time,indicating the training direction and theoretical guidance for the new generation of the times.The new age requires young people to have firm ideals and beliefs,excellent skills,and a great spirit of responsibility.The proposition of cultivating a new generation of the times is a deep exploration and summary of Marx’s theory of“all-round human development,”Lenin’s youth view and the education view of excellent traditional Chinese culture,and the proposition needs to strengthen the leadership of the Party,give play to the leading role of socialist core values,and the youth themselves should actively act to realize the transformation of theoretical and practical results.

中山大学科技期刊出版史略(1866—2024)

本文力图较为完整地展现中山大学100多年的科技期刊出版历史全貌,在明晰中山大学办学源流的基础上将其前身各校的科技期刊出版情况纳入梳理,整理统计出中山大学及其前身各校在正式建校前(1866—1923年)出版科技期刊25种、建校后的民国时期(1924—1948年)出版科技期刊87种,共和国时期(1949—2024年)出版科技期刊60种,共计172种,并对代表性刊物进行简要介绍。中山大学的科技期刊出版以医学类期刊的贡献最为突出,其影响一直延续至今。这些科技期刊从科研学术角度记录了中山大学的学科发展历史,同时为中国近代科学技术的传播和发展作出了重要的贡献。

“微时代”背景下科技新闻传播报道的创新研究——以科学美国人网(Scientific American)为例

当今,新媒体发展进入了"微时代":"微媒体"、"微内容"、"微用户"等特点对科技新闻的传播报道提出了新的要求。科学美国人网站(Scientific American,简称SA)将诸多资源整合,在传播战略层面实现融合化、社会化、平台化;业务报道力求将"微报道"可视化、趣味化,为我们提供了新媒介环境下科技新闻创新发展的借鉴样本。中国科技新闻媒体可以应时搭建适应微时代发展的全媒体平台,树立翻译意识,深入浅出,增加科技报道的趣味性,让公众不仅"易读",更要"悦读"。