Scientific and Technological Innovation Is an Important Approach to Ensuring China’s Oil Security

With the rapid and continual growth of national economy, the gap between oil demand and supply keeps widening in China, therefore China will increasingly depend on imported oil. However, the world＇s oil and gas resources are unevenly distributed; global world＇s oil prices remain high; and over 70 percent of China＇s imported oil has to be shipped through the Malacca Strait. There are various ways to ensure China＇s oil security today, and the practical and feasible strategic option is to increase the discovery and production of domestic oil, raise energy efficiency and develop petroleum substitutes. Scientific and technological innovation is crucial both in new oil reserves discovery and production, energy conservation, and in the development of petroleum substitutes, establishment of a strategic oil reserve system and for environment protection. This indicates that China should take effective measures in investment strategy, fiscal policies, financing instruments, intellectual property protection, fostering talents and professionals, so as to establish its own scientific and technological innovation system in the petroleum industry and be better able to ensure oil security.

Hi-Tech Revolution The rise of China’s scientific and technological development

The announcer on the giant screen greeted visitors to the Wuzhen International lnternet Exhibition Center with a cheery voice. ＂Good morning everyone! I will be your news anchor for today,＂ said the male voice. But this was no ordinary announcer： his voice and appearance have been entirely generated by artificial intelligence technology.

Distribution Characteristics of Spermophilus dauricus in Manchuria City in China in 2015 through ‘3S' Technology

Plague is a virulent infectious disease in China. In this study, ＇3S＇ technology was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial interpolation analysis for Spermophilus dauricus （S. Dauricus, a species of ground squirrel） captured in Manchuria City in 2015. The results were visually inspected. During the two-month （May to July） plague surveillance in 2015, 198 S.

Earthquake Science and Technology as Well as Preparedness and Reduction of Earthquake Disaster in China

This paper systematically presents the state-of-the-art of preparedness and reduction of earthquake disasters in China. It contains abundant information on the goal, policy, working links, administrative organizations, and main scientific and technological approaches for earthquake disaster reduction in this country. The focus is placed on "taking science and technology as the foundation" and "management based on legal system."

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

来自多方的声音:构建中国开放科学创新生态——第十届中国开放获取推介周(China OA Week)会议综述

[目标/意义]2021年第十届中国开放获取推介周(10th China OA Week)的主题为“开放科学的意义和影响”,标志着中国最主要的开放获取平台主题正式转向开放科学,契合形势发展需要。[方法/过程]本届会议邀请到国内外的多方专家与代表,分专题探讨开放科学目标、关键问题、实践案例并提出发展建议。[结果/结论]会议呼吁构建中国开放创新生态,初步勾画出中国开放科学发展现状。响应国家提出的推动开放科学发展要求,China OA Week平台及其研讨成果将持续助力中国开放科学事业的推进。

Progress of Deep Geological Survey Project under the China Geological Survey

Serving as a way to understand the material composition,structure,and dynamic process of the Earth's interior,deep earth exploration is driven by not only mankind's pursuit of natural mysteries but also mankind's basic need to obtain resources and guarantee economic and social development.The first phase of deep earth exploration of China(SinoProbe)was carried out from 2008 to 2016 and tremendous results were achieved.In 2016,the China Geological Survey launched a Deep Geological Survey Project(also referred to as the Project)to continuously explore the deep Earth.Focusing on the national energy resources strategy,the Belt and Road Initiative,and major basic issues of the geological survey,the Project was carried out in Songliao Basin(an important energy base in China)and major geological boundaries and tectonic units including Qilian Mountains-Tianshan Mountains and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt.The purpose of it is to reveal the process,structure,and forming patterns of the deep ore deposits and petroleum reservoirs,clarify the evolutionary pattern and controlling factors of Mesozoic environmental climate,and discover deep fine structures of key orogens,basins,and mountains by comprehensive geophysical exploration and scientific drilling.Great achievements have been obtained after more than three years of efforts,including a cumulative 1552 km of deep seismic reflection profiles and magnetotelluric profiles,an ultra-deep continental scientific crilling well,a scientific drilling pilot hole,and a magnetotelluric array and a portable broadband seismic array,both of which cover South China.Moreover,significant progress has been made in ultra-deep drilling technology,deep oil and gas discovery in Songliao Basin,and basic geological issues of Qilian Orogen and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt in South China,greatly accelerating the deep earth exploration in China and further consolidating China's position as a power in deep earth exploration.

The Knowledge Management Research of Agricultural Scientific Research Institution

Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platform,offer new approach for realization of explicit or tacit knowledge,and promote resilience and innovative ability of scientific research institution.The thesis has introduced functions of knowledge management research of agricultural science.First,it can transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.Second,it can make all the scientific personnel share knowledge.Third,it is beneficial to the development of prototype system of knowledge management.Fourth,it mainly researches the realization of knowledge management system.Fifth,it can manage the external knowledge via competitive intelligence.Sixth,it can foster talents of knowledge management for agricultural scientific research institution.Seventh,it offers the decision-making service for leaders to manage scientific program.The thesis also discusses the content of knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution as follows:production and innovation of knowledge;attainment and organizing of knowledge;dissemination and share of knowledge;management of human resources and the construction and management of infrastructure.We have put forward corresponding countermeasures to further reinforce the knowledge management research of agricultural scientific research institution.

农业新质生产力:内涵特征、发展重点、面临制约和政策建议

结合学习习近平总书记关于发展新质生产力的重要论述,文章探讨了农业新质生产力的内涵要义和发展要求,揭示了发展农业新质生产力的意义和战略重点,分析了发展农业新质生产力面临的制约,提出要面向加快建设农业强国和把农业建成现代化大产业的需求,科学处理农业新质生产力与农业传统生产力、仰望星空与脚踏实地、有为政府与有效市场、统筹高质量发展和高水平安全、农业新质生产力特殊性与新质生产力一般性等的关系。在此基础上,提出了发展农业新质生产力的若干政策建议。如实施若干重大工程或计划,完善激励机制,设立未来农业专项,加强和创新农业新质生产力支持体系,加强对农业农村基础设施和公共服务能力建设的支持,等等。

区域双核结构对城市群科技创新的影响——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

城市群的核心优势及功能之一是科技创新,而区域双核结构对城市群的科技创新具有重要影响。基于区域双核结构理论,分别测算了我国19个城市群的中心性和门户性指标并进行聚类分析,发现长三角、京津冀等8个城市群为双核结构,哈长、中原等11个城市群为单核结构。采用空间杜宾模型进一步实证分析发现,区域双核结构显著促进了城市群科技创新水平,并且对南方地区、西部地区以及单一省份组成的城市群的科技创新具有更明显的促进作用。各城市群应注重发挥核心城市对周边科技创新的带动作用促进协调发展;具备双核结构特征的城市群可以充分发挥中心城市数量及空间分布优势,带动城市群发展及科技创新。

中美企业战略科技人才对比分析及对我国的启示——以战略性新兴产业为例

在全球科技竞争日益加剧的背景下,战略科技人才对国家科技进步和产业升级具有关键影响。通过专利计量分析对中美两国在战略性新兴产业的战略科技人才配置进行了系统比较,发现美国在新一代信息技术和生物科技领域具有明显的人才优势,而中国在高端装备制造、新材料及新能源环保领域展现强劲的人才实力。基于对比分析结果,结合全球发展趋势,提出中国在既有产业优势、产学研合作、基础研究投入、创新生态系统等方面的对策建议。

成渝地区双城经济圈科技创新与科教融汇问题研究

成渝地区双城经济圈建设是以科技创新为引领的国家战略行动。科技创新在其中处于核心地位,科技创新指数在各系统中已位居第二。在现阶段该经济圈建设中科技创新以及作为科技创新重要内容的科教融汇方面仍然面临着诸多挑战与问题,主要表现为高等教育发展合力与科教融汇产出不足、战略科技人才队伍整体不强、科教融汇效果不明显。为了解决上述问题,建议大学城与科学城“联动”以建设培育成渝科技教育生态圈,促使“塔尖”“塔基”人才同频共振以建设培育成渝科技人才生态圈,助推企业主体、政校两翼协同驱动以建设培育成渝科技产业生态圈,推进成渝地区双城经济圈高等职业院校全面深度介入科技创新。

中国和欧洲精准医疗发展现状研究

随着精准医学相关技术不断成熟,精准医学体系逐渐成熟走向应用。全球精准医学处于高速发展阶段,其科学和社会价值日益凸显,但整体也面临多方面发展瓶颈,个体化诊疗体系尚未形成。本项目组采用科学文献检索、灰色文献搜索、咨询“地平线2020”国家咨询联络点、中国-欧盟精准医疗合作支持计划(IC2PerMed)专家调查等方法,系统梳理了中国、欧盟精准医疗有关的政策措施、规划方案和行动计划等资料和信息,对各种信息进行标准化、结构化处理并进行对比分析,形成本报告。报告内容涵盖:精准医疗概念演变过程;国际精准医疗联盟介绍;中欧精准医疗领域政策措施、规划方案和行动计划相关性的详细信息;中欧精准医疗模式下医疗健康研究的重点方向;全球精准医疗发展目标。本报告深入分析中欧精准医疗战略,找出双方战略、计划和行动的共同点、差异和差距;明确了各自的PM创新重点;指明了中欧医疗健康研究资助机制各自的优势与不足;探寻了未来全球卫生领域合作的热点。该报告一方面为IC2PerMed的专家小组在精准医疗国际标准、可转移性和扩大合作研究领域提供信息支撑,另一方面,也为促进欧盟和中国之间精准医疗领域合作指引方向,为促进中欧精准医疗合作奠定了坚实的基础。

“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的研究与修复

为了解故宫博物院藏文物“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的制作工艺,使用X射线荧光光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪及数码显微镜对文物进行检测,明确了屏风所用材质:满铺“卍”字纹点翠为基底,大面积山体使用纯金打造,细节装饰配件则用金银合金、金银铜合金和银等金属材料制成,金质嵌件用金属丝拴结的方式与点翠基底相连接。笔者以科学技术分析为依托,确定了屏风的制作工艺为:制作木板底纹—点翠—制作金属嵌件—金属部件组装固定。针对点翠脱落严重、灰尘堆积严重、金属部件脱落、点翠基底开裂等伤况,对文物进行了点翠加固、除尘、金属部件加固、基底修复四个步骤完成修复。此修复研究为了解清代宫廷大型屏风的制作工艺提供了实践依据,并为后期同类文物的修复提供经验支持。

中国科技人才现状、问题与对策——基于国际比较视角

建设国家战略人才力量需要各类人才全面发展,其中科技人才尤为重要。采取定量与定性分析相结合的方法,系统梳理了中国科技人才工作取得的主要成就和存在的不足,剖析导致不足的原因,包括原始创新历史沉淀不足、产业升级导致的结构性失调、青年科学家的培养激励机制不完善、职业培训教育有待加强以及多元化协同培养人才机制不健全等。未来可以通过注重原始创新、加强高技能人才培养、完善青年科学家支持政策、优化人才培养结构和加强制度体系建设等措施,提高中国科技人才竞争力。

中国共产党领导科技现代化的历史经验与时代指向

作为中国式现代化的关键,科技现代化始终是我党的重要使命任务,被摆在国家现代化建设全局的重要位置。在中国共产党的领导下,我国科技现代化事业经历了新民主主义革命的酝酿萌芽期、新中国成立后的初步探索期、改革开放的深入发展期以及中国特色社会主义新时代历史跃升期四个阶段。百余年来,中国式科技现代化始终与国家现代化同向同行,积累了坚持党的领导与人民至上相结合、坚持服务发展与维护安全相结合、坚持教育科技人才相结合、坚持战略引领与体制改革相结合、坚持自立自强与开放合作相结合等基本经验。立足新的历史方位,必须坚持“四个面向”战略方向、聚焦关键核心技术攻关、强化国家战略科技力量、发挥新型举国体制优势,在汲取历史智慧中开启科技现代化新征程。

科技创新何以支撑引领东北振兴?——基于东北地区、京津冀、长三角科技创新资源配置比较研究视角

东北地区是我国经济社会板块的重要组成部分。科技创新支撑引领东北振兴既是对东北经济社会发展的历史继承,也是落实国家重大战略布局的必然要求。以东北地区、京津冀和长三角三大区域为研究对象,运用fsQCA方法,实证分析科技创新资源配置对区域创新绩效、企业创新活力和产业创新升级三方面的影响机制和组态模式。结果发现:①除产业创新升级外,东北地区在其他方面的表现不仅与长三角和京津冀地区存在较大差距,而且与全国平均水平也存在一定差距。②单一的科技创新资源要素无法构成驱动区域振兴的充分条件。在10条高水平创新效能组态路径中,以科创服务为核心条件、以科创政策为辅助条件是东北地区各阶段组态路径的共性特征;以科创服务为核心条件及以科创人才、科创经费和对外开放为辅助条件的全要素驱动是长三角和京津冀地区各阶段组态路径的共性特征。③科技创新资源配置影响东北地区发展效能的组态路径具有明显的动态演变特征,且各阶段组态路径在科创人才、科创经费和对外开放等方面均存在不同程度的条件缺失情况;长三角、京津冀地区的组态路径则表现出较强的稳定性,且无条件缺失的情况。

天府新区规划设计的主要科技创新及其应用成效

规划设计是城市发展的依据,科学技术是规划设计的支撑。作为承载国家重大发展和改革开放战略使命的国家级新区,天府新区确立了“生态优先、科学理性”的规划设计理念,科学布局城市生产、生活、生态空间,探索出城市高质量发展的实践范式,取得了显著的经济社会和生态环境效益。文章总结归纳了天府新区在规划选址、城市规模预测、空间形态构建、产城融合布局、产城一体单元设置、规划平台管理等关键环节上取得的一系列原创性科技成果,阐释了规划设计在引领天府新区建设发展为公园城市“首提地”过程中的科技支撑作用,期望对其他国家级新区和类似区域的规划设计具有参考借鉴。

中国澳门地区在推动中国与葡语国家科技合作中的优势及问题研究

中国与葡语国家科技交流合作,对推动形成全球开放创新生态、构建人类命运共同体具有重要意义。中国澳门地区作为中国内地与葡语国家之间的“超级联系人”,在创新资源链接、科技人文交流、科技成果转化等方面扮演至关重要的角色。从中国与葡语国家科技合作现状和必要性入手,分析了中国澳门地区在推动中国与葡语国家科技合作中开放包容的经济文化环境、与葡语国家各领域的密切交往以及双向合作平台优势,梳理了中国澳门地区在对接科技交流合作中面临的葡语国家发展差异化、中国澳门地区本土科技创新存在短板、中国-葡语系国家技术交流合作中心作用有待发挥等问题,探究在粤港澳大湾区建设背景下,中国澳门地区推动中国与葡语国家科技合作的对策与建议。