论教育研究的科学性

长期以来,对教育研究科学性的质疑,使教育研究背上了沉重的"包袱",教育学也因此常常被拒斥在科学殿堂之外,处于十分尴尬的境地。教育研究最大的尴尬莫过于对其科学性的怀疑、指责与否定。其实,这往往是由于人们对科学及科学性的片面、狭义理解,因此有必要对科学及科学性进行澄清。这既关系到教育学的立命安身,更直接决定着教育研究科学性的方向及水平。研究及学科的科学与否不在于研究的对象及相应的学科,科学应在方法论和方法两个层面理解,科学性则体现在研究的过程与结果中,真正的研究必定是科学的。

Frontiers and future perspectives of neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary branch of biomedical science that emerges from the intersection of studies on the nervous system and the immune system.The complex interplay between the two systems has long been recognized.Research efforts directed at the underlying functional interface and associated pathophysiology,however,have garnered attention only in recent decades.In this narrative review,we highlight significant advances in research on neuroimmune interplay and modulation.A particular focus is on early-and middle-career neuroimmunologists in China and their achievements in frontier areas of"neuroimmune interface","neuro-endocrine-immune network and modulation","neuroimmune interactions in diseases","meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic systems in health and disease",and"tools and methodologies in neuroimmunology research".Key scientific questions and future directions for potential breakthroughs in neuroimmunology research are proposed.

严把命题质量关,确保社会考试科学化

顺应当前时代发展的潮流和人才选择的趋势,社会考试应运而生,其秉持'公开选拨、竞争上岗'的原则,以'公平、公正、公开'为基本准则选拔人才。社会考试是各类大中型企业单位及用人单位用来考查测试者的公共基础知识掌握程度和职业能力倾向、应聘者的专业知识和专业技能的掌握程度。命题工作是进行社会考试的中心环节,其质量与考试水准休戚相关,命题质量不过关势必会削弱社会考试的权威性,严把命题质量关对于确保社会考试科学化的意义重大。从命题角度探讨确保社会考试科学化的三条法则:坚持命题原则是基础,执行命题程序是关键,管理命题组建题库是保证,三者合力对社会考试科学化发展将有着深远而持久的影响。