Ocular surface changes in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris

AIM:To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included right eyes of 53 patients with acne vulgaris and 54 healthy controls.The participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire.The following ocular surface-related parameters were measured:tear meniscus height(TMH),noninvasive tear breakup time(NIBUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),lipid layer thickness(LLT)score of the tear film,meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,the ratio of meibomian gland loss,conjunctival hyperemia score,and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)score.RESULTS:The stability of the tear film decreased in acne vulgaris patients.In the acne group,the TMH and NIBUT were lower,whereas the OSDI,meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,ratio of meibomian gland loss,and conjunctival hyperemia score were higher compared with controls(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the CFS score,SIT,or LLT score between the groups(P>0.05).In two dry eye groups,the TMH,NIBUT,and LLT score were lower in the acne with dry eye(acne-DE)group,and the meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,ratio of meibomian gland loss and conjunctival hyperemia score in the acne-DE group were higher(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between OSDI,SIT,and CFS score(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris are more likely to experience dry eye than those without acne vulgaris.Reduced tear film stability and meibomian gland structure dysfunction are more pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and dry eye.

A novel pathogen Fusarium cuneirostrum causing common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)root rot in China

Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium spp.have remained unclear.Thus,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification.The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic.The eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS regions.Host range test showed that the representative F.cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and soybean.Moreover,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened.This study revealed that F.cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well.To our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.

普通菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)AOX基因家族鉴定与表达分析

交替氧化酶(Alternative oxidase,AOX)是一种末端氧化酶,在维持植物正常生长代谢速率和代谢平衡以及抵御逆境胁迫中发挥了一定作用。AOX家族成员已经在很多植物物种中被鉴定,但是在普通菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)中却未见报道。研究对普通菜豆中AOX家族成员进行了鉴定和分析,并进一步解析了AOX基因家族成员的功能及调控机制。结果表明,基于普通菜豆参考基因组中共挖掘得到了4个AOX家族成员,通过进化关系、保守基序(Motifs)、基因结构分析,将各成员划分成4个亚族。此外,顺式作用元件、共线性与盐胁迫下的表达量分析结果表明,AOX成员可能在植物的非生物胁迫响应中发挥了作用。为后续深入研究普通菜豆中AOX成员的功能奠定了理论基础。

Common Organic Amendment (Rice Straw) Can Reduce Salinity Effects on Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Growth with or without Photoperiod Manipulation

Soil salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Cheap and sustainable management of soil salinity is hence most sought out topics in agricultural research. Conceptualizing that idea in mind, a pot experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka in order to analyze if common organic amendments (rice straw, saw dust) coupled with reduce photoperiod can mitigate salinity effect on the growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The experiment was set up following completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications containing Tc (Control), T1 (Ambient photoperiod + 110 mM Salinity treatment + Rice straw), T2 (Reduced photoperiod + 110 mM Salinity treatment + Rice straw), T3 (Ambient photoperiod + 220 mM Salinity treatment + Rice straw), T4 (Reduced photoperiod + 220 mM Salinity treatment + Rice straw), T5 (Ambient photoperiod + 110 mM Salinity treatment + Saw dust), T6 (Reduced photoperiod + 110 mM Salinity treatment + Saw dust), T7 (Ambient photoperiod + 220 mM Salinity treatment + Saw dust) and T8 (Reduced photoperiod + 220 mM Salinity treatment + Saw dust). Organic amendments were used separately at the rate of 12 ton/ha. The highest plant height (98.67 cm), root length (12.5 cm), pod number (10.33), leaf area (13.99 cm2), fresh weight (680 kg/ha), dry weight (316.67 kg/ha) were recorded with the treatment T1 while the second-best treatment was treatment T2 (with highest harvest index 0.040) and these results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In post-harvest soil, pH, EC, OC, OM;available N, P, K, S;total Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn were increased significantly in treatment T1. The overall results illustrated that the best growth and yield performances were achieved in the treatment T1 and T2.

Effect of Biostimulants Based on Natural Products on the Growth and Nutritional Value of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P < 0.0001) of antinutrients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.

Effect of Different Feeds on Growth and Survival of the Sergestid Shrimp Acetes vulgaris Hansen, 1919 (Decapoda: Sergestidae)

The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food items, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae, plant matter, debris, sand, and mud. The objective of this study was to compare different feeds on growth and survival of A. vulgaris reared in fiberglass tanks containing 70 m3 of seawater salinity 25 ppt over a period of 70 days. Individual shrimps were fed with four different types of feeds i.e., newly hatched Artemia (Ar), rotifer (Ro), newly hatched Artemia + rotifer (ArRo) and shrimp larvae commercial feed (SF). Results suggested that specific growth rates (both for body weight and body length) of shrimps reared with SF were not significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, ArRo and Ro (p ≥ 0.05). The survival rate of A. vulgaris did not vary significantly (p ≥ 0.05) among the Ar, Ro and ArRo treatments. However, the highest survival rate of shrimp (81.78% ± 3.08%) was observed in SF treatment and the percentage of survival rate was significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, Ro and ArRo (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reflected the ability of Acetes shrimps to consume diverse food types including both live feed and pelleted feed. Insights obtained from this research suggested that artificial feed can be as efficient as live feeds. This new knowledge is a needed addition to a currently lacking knowledge base for aquaculture of this Acetes species.

Antibacterial,antioxidant and antiproliferation activities of essential oils and ethanolic extracts from Chinese mugwort(Artemisia vulgaris L.)leaf in Shanxi

Background:Artemisia vulgaris,a medicinal aromatic plant,is widely used as a food item,tonic pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industry additive owing to its antibacterial,antihypertensive,hepatoprotective,antioxidant,and antispasmodic properties.But the effect of different geographic locations on the chemical composition and bioactivities of its extracts is unclear.Methods:Biological activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts of three varieties of Artemisia vulgaris leaves,which are grown in Shanxi province China,were studied.Results:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main components of essential oils were terpenes and ketones.Essential oils and ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves possessed good antioxidant activities,and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)assays were 57.0 and 22.9μg/mL,respectively.The essential oils also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against three foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains.The ethanol extract presented a high anticancer activity against the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line.Conclusion:These biological activities were well correlated with the composition of the extract and EOs,which in turn is affected by the genetic composition of Artemisia vulgaris and geographic location and diverse climatic condition under which it is grown.These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of Artemisia vulgaris as a valuable source of antioxidant,antibacterial,and anticancer agents.

Ecological effect of the plantation of Sabina vulgaris in the Mu Us Sandy Land,China

Vegetation restoration through artificial plantation is an effective method to combat desertification,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.This study aimed to explore the ecological effect of the plantation of Sabina vulgaris on soil physical and chemical properties on the southeastern fringe of the Mu Us Sandy Land,China.We collected soil samples from five depth layers(0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,and 80-100 cm)in the S.vulgaris plantation plots across four plantation ages(4,7,10,and 16 years)in November 2019,and assessed soil physical(soil bulk density,soil porosity,and soil particle size)and chemical(soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),cation-exchange capacity(CEC),salinity,p H,and C/N ratio)properties.The results indicated that the soil predominantly consisted of sand particles(94.27%-99.67%),with the remainder being silt and clay.As plantation age increased,silt and very fine sand contents progressively rose.After 16 years of planting,there was a marked reduction in the mean soil particle size.The initial soil fertility was low and declined from 4 to 10 years of planting before witnessing an improvement.Significant positive correlations were observed for the clay,silt,and very fine sand(mean diameter of 0.000-0.100 mm)with SOC,AK,and p H.In contrast,fine sand and medium sand(mean diameter of 0.100-0.500 mm)showed significant negative correlations with these indicators.Our findings ascertain that the plantation of S.vulgaris requires 10 years to effectively act as a windbreak and contribute to sand fixation,and needs 16 years to improve soil physical and chemical properties.Importantly,these improvements were found to be highly beneficial for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.This research can offer valuable insights for the protection and restoration of the vegetation ecosystem in the sandy lands in China.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as Systemic Inflammatory Predictors in the Diagnosis of Bullous Pemphigoid and Pemphigus Vulgaris

Introduction: Autoimmune blistering skin disorders such as Bullous Pemphigoid and Pemphigus Vulgaris present diagnostic challenges. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), are inflammatory markers used to assess the body’s immune-inflammatory response. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the significance of hematologic markers, specifically the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), as diagnostic predictors of bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Methods: A retrospective study of 64 patients (36 with BP and 28 with PV). Patient clinical data: age, gender, complete blood count, autoimmune antibody levels (Dsg1, 3 and BP180, 230), IgE and C-reactive protein, and history of hypertension, diabetes, brain infarction, and coronary heart disease. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study involved 36 (56.3%) diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and 28 (43.75%) with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). The average age in BP was 71 ± 8 and 52 ± 13 in PV. Laboratory findings showed high levels of Dsg1, Dsg3, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count in PV, while high levels of eosinophils with a significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) in BP. Blood biomarkers, including NLR, PLR, SII, MPV, CRP, and IgE, proved an overall of 84.4% in disease prediction. Dsg1, Dsg3, BP180, and BP230 showed an overall of 88.1%. No significant relationship was noted between NLR, SII, and patients with comorbidities. Conclusion: The study highlights the diagnostic potential of SII and NLR in addition to hematologic markers in BP and PV, emphasizing their role in early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions, requiring further validation in larger patient cohorts.

普通杏(Armeniaca vulgaris)种质资源果实主要数量性状变异及概率分级

【目的】种质资源评价是资源研究工作的重要环节,而数量性状的合理分级是种质资源评价的基础,因此对普通杏的143～478份品种资源果实数量性状进行统计分析和概率分级。【方法】果实数量性状平均单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C含量、核鲜质量、核干质量和仁干质量9项指标,根据K-S正态性检验和χ2检测对果实数量性状进行分级。【结果】果实数量性状的变异较为丰富,其中硬度的变异系数最大,为55.46%;可溶性固形物含量的变异系数最小,为14.95%。经K-S正态性检验对符合正态分布的数量性状统一用(X-1.2818S)、(X-0.5246S)、(X+0.5246S)和(X+1.2818S)4个点分为5级,使1～5级的出现频率分别为10%、20%、40%和20%、10%,根据χ2检测,对符合正态分布的数量性状进行概率分级。【结论】杏果实的遗传多样性丰富,将果实数量性状进行概率分级是比较理想的结果。

Isolation of Chlorella vulgaris and Its DNA Extraction Methods

[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources.

三吲哚乙酸对Chlorella vulgaris XJB生长及产油能力的影响

三吲哚乙酸(IAA)具有促进细胞增殖的作用,将其添加到培养基中能够提升藻类细胞生长,可增强利用微藻发展生物柴油的能力。本文以自行筛选到的一株具有快速生长能力的微藻ChlorellavulgarisXJB为研究对象,考察了IAA添加时间和添加浓度对C.vulgaris XJB生长及产油能力的影响。实验研究结果表明,在微藻生长适应期,添加适宜浓度的IAA有助于藻体生物量的累积和油脂产率的提高,但对油脂含量的影响较小,当第0天添加0.08mg/L IAA时,细胞个数、生物量及油脂产率达到最大值,分别为20.2×106个/mL、338.9mg/L、15.2mg/(L/d),油脂含量为22.4%,此时生物量和油脂产率分别是未经IAA处理条件下的2.5倍和2.0倍。

Antibacterial Effect of Waste Liquor of Essence Oil Extraction from Sabina vulgaris Ant in Foods

The antibacterial effects of waste liquor of essence oil extraction from Sabina vulgaris Ant on Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium and Bacillus cereus in foods were evaluated by paper disk method. The results showed that the waste liquor of essence oil extraction from S. vulgaris had inhibitory effects on E. coil, S. aureus and Salmonella with bet- ter inhibitory effects on E. coil and Salmonella; the bacteriostatic effect of water steam distillation waste liquor was better than that of water extraction waste liquor. The more times the waste liquor was distilled, the higher the active ingredients content was, and the better the bacteriostatic effect was.

超富集植物叶用红菾菜(Beta vulgaris var.cicla L.)及其对Cd的富集特征

超富集植物是重金属污染土壤植物提取修复的基础,超富集植物的筛选一直都是污染土壤植物修复研究的热点及前沿。采用盆栽实验对7种农作物积累Cd的特征进行研究,结果表明,叶用红菾菜对Cd具有较高的富集系数和转移系数。在此基础上,采用盆栽浓度梯度试验对叶用红菾菜对Cd的富集潜力及富集特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,在Cd污染水平为20mg·kg^(-1)条件下,叶用红菾菜地上部Cd含量超过了100mg·kg^(-1)这一国际公认的Cd超积累植物应达到的临界含量标准;且其对Cd的富集系数和转移系数均大于1;同时,与对照相比,植物的生长未受到抑制,这表明叶用红菾菜是一种Cd超积累植物,为Cd污染土壤的植物修复提供了一种新的种质资源。

真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)胚胎发育及浮游期幼体生长研究

通过室内繁养真蛸,详细观察了真蛸胚胎发育和浮游期幼体生长过程,描述了各时期外部形态和重要器官的发育特征,采用扫描电镜观察了浮游期幼体的吸盘生长情况。结果表明,真蛸成熟卵子长径为(2.4±0.2)mm,短径为(1.2±0.1)mm。根据Naef划分标准,发育过程分为20个时期,发育期间胚胎经历两次翻转。水温20.4—23.6℃,从受精卵到幼体孵化出膜,经历25—35d,初孵幼体全长约为3.08mm。水温22.8—25.2℃时,幼体浮游期约为28—33d。

小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的异养生长特性研究

小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）可以利用葡萄糖、果糖、乙酸盐等有机碳源异养生长。在异养条件下，最适环境条件为温度３０～３２Ｃ、 ｐＨ５．５～６．５。该小球藻可以利用硝酸盐、铵盐、尿素和一些结构简单的氨基酸（如甘氨酸）作为唯一氮源生长，在由铵盐和硝酸盐组成的混合氮源中生长时，优先利用铵盐。该小球藻对培养基中不同营养物的利用给培养基的ｐＨ带来不同的影响。利用葡萄糖和果糖为唯一碳源时培养基的ｐＨ值变化不大，而利用乙酸盐时可以使ｐＨ很快上升到小球藻能够耐受的ｐＨ（９．５）以上；利用硝酸盐为唯一氮源时使培养基的ｐＨ上升，利用按盐时使ｐＨ下降，利用尿素和甘氨酸时基本不改变培养基ｐＨ。该小球藻在３０℃时，摇瓶异养培养的比生长速率为０．０５５ｈ－１，倍增时间为１２．６ｈ。

水分胁迫下臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)光合特性和色素组成的季节变化

在室内砾耕栽培条件下,通过培养液中加入PEG（Polyethylene glycol分子量为6000）以调节溶液渗透势,设置对照、弱水分胁迫和强水分胁迫3种处理（培养液渗透势分别为0.02,-0.1,-0.34 MPa）,从1997年开始对臭柏进行长期干旱胁迫模拟实验。2003年测定了臭柏叶片光合色素和光合特性的季节变化。结果表明：对照区气孔导度季节变化在5月和9月份形成了典型的双峰曲线。尽管对照区的气孔导度明显高于其他两个处理,但日光合量却低于弱水分胁迫区。3个处理Chl a/b的比值在11月至翌年3月的低温期内均升高,以强水分胁迫区的增幅最大,其它月份该比值在3个处理之间没有显著的差异。3个处理的叶绿素总量（Chl a＋b）在生长季的5~9月份均有不同程度的上升,但其中以强水分胁迫区增幅最小。在11月至翌年3月的低温期,各处理均大幅提高叶黄素总量（V＋A＋Z）和热耗散色素比例（A＋Z）/（V＋A＋Z）（V：紫黄质、A：单环氧玉米黄质、Z：玉米黄质）;在5~7月份的生长高峰期,各处理则明显降低了叶黄素总量和热耗散色素比例。这种趋势在强水分胁迫区表现的更为显著。

营养条件对Chlorella vulgaris生长的影响

以Chlorella vulgaris为研究对象,考察了培养基和有机碳源的影响。结果表明:在不同的营养方式中,混养的细胞密度和比生长速率最大,均超过自养和异养之和;改变培养液中的有机碳源种类,C.vulgaris的细胞密度最大分别达到2.92g/L(葡萄糖)、1.62g/L(乙酸钠)和1.05g/L(乙醇),且以葡萄糖为碳源时的比生长速率最大;当葡萄糖浓度从5g/L增加到30g/L时,C.vulgaris的比生长速率由0.0248h^(-1)降低至0.0186h^(-1),不过在培养晚期,C.vulgaris在10g/L葡萄糖时的细胞密度超过5g/L葡萄糖时的密度;当以10g/L葡萄糖作为C.vulgaris混养的有机碳源时,BG11培养基的细胞密度和比生长速率最大,分别达到3.41g/L和0.0257h^(-1),而在Basal培养基中,C.vulgaris培养液较稳定,藻细胞始终处于悬浮的状态,其细胞密度和比生长速率分别为3.25g/L和0.0204h^(-1)。

利用市政污水培养Chlorella vulgaris生产生物柴油

为了考察利用南昌市政污水规模化培养富油微藻生产生物柴油,同时达到净化污水的目的,取南昌市青山湖污水处理厂未经任何处理的市政污水作为普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长的培养液。监测了C.vulgaris在市政污水中连续培养10 d的特定生长率、生物质产量以及与之相关的市政污水中氨氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)、总悬浮固体(TSS)和挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的清除情况。实验表明:营养物质的水平显著地影响了C.vulgaris的生长。C.vulgaris的生长率在培养8 d后达到最大,OD680为2.856,总的生物质产量日均最大积累速率为0.01 g/L,油脂含量为干质量的18%,油脂的平均日产量为0.001 g/L。培养10 d内NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除率分别为50.0%、32.1%和26.0%,TSS和VSS的日平均去除速率分别为0.01 g/L和0.006 1 g/L。

欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris Linn.)对干旱环境的适应

采用石蜡切片法,研究了欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris Linn.)营养器官的显微结构,以探讨其对干旱环境的适应性特点。结果表明:根和茎木质部导管发达,提高了输导能力;薄壁组织丰富,提高了储水能力;叶片表皮细胞外切向壁角质层发达,有利于减少水分散失;同化组织发达,能够适应干旱环境对光合作用的负面影响。欧洲千里光长期生活在干旱环境中,产生了许多适应性结构。