Colonoscopy-assisted removal of an impaction foreign body at the rectosigmoid junction: A case report

BACKGROUND When an anorectal foreign body is found,its composition and shape should be evaluated,and a timely and effective treatment plan should be developed based on the patient's symptoms to avoid serious complications such as intestinal perforation caused by displacement of the foreign body.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male was admitted to our outpatient clinic on June 3,2023,due to a rectal foreign body that had been embedded for more than 24 h.The patient reported using a glass electrode tube to assist in the recovery of prolapsed hemorrhoids,however,the electrode tube was inadvertently inserted into the anus and could not be removed by the patient.During hospitalization,the patient underwent surgery,and the foreign body was dragged into the rectum with the aid of colonoscopy.The anus was dilated with a comb-type pulling hook and an anal fistula pulling hook to widen the anus and remove the foreign body,and the local anal symptoms were then relieved with topical drugs.The patient was allowed to eat and drink,and an entire abdominal Computed tomography(CT)and colonoscopy were reviewed 3 d after surgery.CT revealed no foreign body residue and colonoscopy showed no metal or other residues in the colon and rectum,and no apparent intestinal tract damage.CONCLUSION The timeliness and rationality of the surgical and therapeutic options for this patient were based on a literature review of the clinical signs and conceivable conditions in such cases.The type,material and the potential risks of rectal foreign bodies should be considered.

Nasal congestion caused by long-term retention of a nasal foreign body near the orbit:A case report

BACKGROUND Nasal trauma presents a risk of foreign body invasion into the nasal cavity.However,in the early treatment stage of nasal trauma,patients and doctors are not always aware of possible foreign body invasion,resulting in delayed detection.We describe the case of an adult patient admitted to the hospital due to left nasal congestion accompanied by yellow,purulent,and bloody discharge.CASE SUMMARY Consultation with the patient revealed a history of nasal trauma 30 years prior that did not receive thorough examinations and imaging during treatment,resulting in a glass fragment retained in the nasal cavity adjacent to the orbit.After admission,computerized tomography(CT)confirmed the presence of the foreign body in the patient’s left nasal–maxillary sinus.The nasal foreign body led to symptoms such as chronic sinusitis,nasal polyps,fungal infection,and deviated nasal septum.The foreign body was successfully removed by nasal endoscopy,polypectomy,sinus fungal removal,left middle turbinate conchoplasty,fenestration via the right inferior meatus,nasal endoscopic maxillary sinus cystectomy,and septolplasty.The operation was successful and without any complications.CONCLUSION CT scans should be performed in addition to necessary debridement sutures to avoid possible foreign body invasion during nasal trauma.Surgical planning should be tailored to the patient’s specific situation.The surgical method should be carefully selected,and sufficient preparation should be undertaken before the surgery to avoid possible displacement of the nasal foreign body.

Flexible bronchoscopy for foreign body aspiration in children:A single-centre experience

BACKGROUND The technological evolution of bronchoscopy has led to the widespread adoption of flexible techniques and their use for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Currently,there is an active debate regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of rigid vs flexible bronchoscopy in the treatment of foreign body aspiration.AIM To evaluate our experience with tracheobronchial foreign body extraction using flexible bronchoscopy and provide a literature overview.METHODS This was a single-centre retrospective study.Twenty-four patients were enrolled between January 2017 and January 2023.Medical records of patients aged below 18 years who were admitted to authors’affiliated institution with a suspected diagnosis of foreign body aspiration were collected from hospital’s database to Microsoft Excel 2019.Data were analysed using MedCalc Statistical Software.RESULTS Patient ages varied from 9 months to 11 years.The median age was 23.5 months,95%confidence interval(CI)19.49-44.77.We observed age clustering in children with foreign body aspiration at our institution with three age subgroups:(1)0-25 months;(2)40-60 months;and(3)120-140 months.We expectancy of an organic tracheobronchial foreign body was significantly higher in 0-25 months subgroup than that in older ones when subgroups 40-60 and 120-140 months were combined together(odds ratio=10.0,95%CI:1.44-29.26,P=0.0197).Successful foreign body extraction was performed in all cases.Conversion to a rigid bronchoscope was not required in any of the cases.No major complications(massive bleeding,tracheobronchial tree perforation,or asphyxia)were observed.CONCLUSION Flexible bronchoscopy is an effective and safe method for tracheobronchial foreign body extraction in children.

Management of Vulnating Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Esophageal foreign bodies (EFB) are a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency because of the serious complications they can cause. Aim: This paper aimed to study the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery departments of the Yalgado Ouedraogo and Bogodogo University Hospital. Methodology: This was an analytic cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over 10 years (2012-2021). Results: We collected 91 cases of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies, i.e. 9.1 cases/year (4.7%). The mean age of the patients was 14 ± 19 years. The sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by accidental ingestion of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies (98.9%). The average time to consultation was 7.5 hours. Dysphagia was the dominant symptom (64.8%). Cervico-thoracic radiography found dual contour radiopaque images in 71.4%. Esophagoscopy with rigid tube was performed in 97.8%. The average time for extraction of the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies was 8 hours. Vulnerating esophageal foreign bodies were non-organic in 84.6%. The button cell represented 64.8%. Their location was cervical in 61.5% intraoperatively. The lesion assessment found ulcerative lesions in 42.9% (p Conclusion: Vulnating esophageal foreign bodies are relatively frequent in our ENT practice. Although their diagnosis is often easy, their treatment is still difficult and requires multidisciplinary management. Thus, for us, prevention remains the first effective weapon.

Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic method for foreign body removal from descending colon: A case report

BACKGROUND The majority of published reports on foreign bodies(FBs)involve the rectum and applied a transanal retrieval.Usually,patients with FB above the rectum are subjected to laparotomy for removal.Here,we illustrate the case of a man with an FB that had migrated into the descending colon,and its successful removal via a laparoscopic approach.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old man,who had the habit of FB insertion into his anus to aid defe-cation,presented upon experience of such an FB slipping through and migrating upward to the distal colon.Plain abdominal radiograph revealed a bottle-shaped FB,positioned in the left iliac fossa region.The FB was successfully removed via a laparoscopic-assisted procedure in which we combined diagnostic laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques during surgery.The patient was monitored for 2 d postoperatively and subsequently discharged home.CONCLUSION A minimally invasive approach should be adopted to aid extraction of colorectal FB as it is effective and safe.

Misdiagnosis of food-borne foreign bodies outside of the digestive tract on magnetic resonance imaging:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Patients with foreign bodies in the digestive tract are often encountered,but complete penetration of a foreign body through the gastrointestinal tract is rare,and the choice of imaging method is very important.Improper selection may lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was diagnosed as having a liver malignancy after he took magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT)examinations.The pain improved after the patient accepted gamma knife treatment.However,he was admitted to our hospital 2 mo later due to fever and abdominal pain.This time,he received a contrast-enhanced CT scan,which showed fish-boon-like foreign bodies in the liver with peripheral abscess formation,then he went to the superior hospital for surgery.It lasted for more than 2 mo from the onset of the disease to the surgical treatment.A 43-year-old woman with a 1 mo history of a perianal mass with no obvious pain or discomfort was diagnosed as having an anal fistula with the formation of a local small abscess cavity.Clinical perianal abscess surgery was performed,and fish bone foreign body was found in perianal soft tissue during the operation.CONCLUSION For patients with pain symptoms,the possibility of foreign body perforation should be considered.Magnetic resonance imaging is not comprehensive and that a plain computed tomography scan of the pain area is necessary.

Extracting intraocular foreign body at or near the ciliary body with scleral indentation in direct visualization

Dear Editor,I＇m Dr. Qing-Huai Liu from Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing, China. I write to present four cases diagnosed with the intraocular foreign body （IOFB） at or near the ciliary body and to evaluate the effect of extracting IOFB with scleral indentation in direct visualization.

Clinical features,radiological imaging,and treatment strategies of nonmetallic intraorbital foreign bodies:a retrospective analysis

AIM:To provide comprehensive data on nonmetallic intraorbital foreign bodies(IOFBs)by summarizing and analyzing material types,clinical manifestations,imaging features,and treatment strategies.METHODS:Totally 28 nonmetallic IOFB cases treated at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.The types of foreign bodies,clinical features,imaging manifestations,and treatment outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS:Among all cases,67.8%(19/28)of the foreign bodies were organic.The top three entrances were the upper eyelid skin(7/28),lower fornix conjunctiva(6/28),and lower eyelid skin(4/28).In most cases(11/28,39.3%),foreign bodies remained in the medial orbits.The major clinical manifestations included eyelid redness and swelling(20/28,71.4%),conjunctival congestion and edema(17/28,60.7%),and ophthalmoptosis(15/28,53.6%).Infection was the main complication,which occurred in 57.1%(16/28)of all cases.Computerized tomography(CT)values differed for different foreign bodies and varied in the different periods after injury.The plant-and grease-derived foreign bodies and the surrounding pus cysts showed different signals on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The prognosis varied with different foreign body types,surgery timing,and intraoperative management.CONCLUSION:The majority of nonmetallic IOFBs are organic and often remain in the superior,medial,and inferior areas of the orbit.Clinical manifestations vary owing to their different textures.CT and MRI facilitate the identification of foreign body materials.Plant-derived foreign bodies should be completely removed,and surgical treatment is a complicated process.

Bedside ultrasound-guided water injection assists endoscopically treatment in esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies: A case report

BACKGROUND Fishbone migration from the esophagus to the neck is relatively uncommon in clinical practice.Several complications secondary to esophageal perforation after ingestion of a fishbone have been described in the literature.Typically,a fishbone is detected and diagnosed by imaging examination and is usually removed by a neck incision.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of a 76-year-old patient with a fishbone in the neck that had migrated from the esophagus and that was in close proximity to the common carotid artery,and the patient experienced dysphagia.An endoscopically-guided neck incision was made over the insertion point in the esophagus,but the surgery failed due to having a blurred image at the insertion site during the operation.After injection of normal saline laterally to the fishbone in the neck under ultrasound guidance,the purulent fluid outflowed to the piriform recess along the sinus tract.With endoscopic guidance,the position of the fish bone was precisely located along the direction of liquid outflow,the sinus tract was separated,and the fish bone was removed.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first case report describing bedside ultrasound-guided water injection positioning combined with endoscopy in the treatment of a cervical esophageal perforation with an abscess.CONCLUSION In conclusion,the fishbone could be located by the water injection method under the guidance of ultrasound and could be accurately located along the outflow direction of the purulent fluid of the sinus by the endoscope and was removed by incising the sinus.This method can be a nonoperative treatment option for foreign body-induced esophageal perforation.

Degradation of differently processed Mg-based implants leads to distinct foreign body reactions(FBRs)through dissimilar signaling pathways

Mg alloys have mechanical properties compatible with human bones.However,their rapid degradation and associated foreign body reactions in vivo significantly limit their application for human implants.In this study,three differently processed Mg alloys,pure Mg(PM),cold extruded Mg alloy AZ31(CE AZ31),and fully annealed AZ31 Mg alloy(FA AZ31)were comparatively investigated for their potential as implants using a rat model.All three implanted Mg alloys do not show any impact on hepato-and renal function,nor any signs of observable changes to vital organs.Proteomics analysis of tissues directly contacting the implants 2.5 months post implantation revealed that FA AZ31 activates very few inflammation and immune associated signaling pathways;while the CE AZ31 and PM produce more significant inflammatory responses as confirmed by cytokine array analyses.Further,FA AZ31 activated pathways for cell organization and development that may improve the recovery of injured tissues.Structurally,EBSD analysis reveals that the FA AZ31 alloy has a higher ratio of first-order pyramidal orientated(10–11){10–1–2}grain texture with a value of 0.25,while PM and CE AZ31 alloys have lower ratios of first-order pyramidal orientated texture with the values of 0.16 and 0.17,respectively.This is associated with recovery and recrystallisation during annealing which promotes grain texture which exhibits enhanced degradation behaviours and induces a more limited immune response in vivo.In conclusion,the FA AZ31 demonstrated better biocompatibility and corrosion resistance and is a promising candidate for metal-based degradable implants which warrants further investigation.

Management of Traumatic Foreign Bodies of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract in Children with Limited Diagnostic Resources at the Pediatric University Hospital of Central African Republic of Bangui

Accidental acute upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a common situation in pediatric emergencies. It is a source of morbidity and even mortality, particularly in children under 3 years of age. We report a clinical case of traumatic foreign body injury to the upper aerodigestive tract in a 7-year-old girl following a play accident.

Removal of a pulmonary artery foreign body during pulse ablation in a patient with atrial fibrillation:A case report

BACKGROUND Foreign bodies in the pulmonary circulation have been documented in the literature and are typically caused by interventional procedures.However,reports of pulmonary artery foreign bodies during femoral vein puncture are rare,and there is no description of this complication from the guidewire surface flows into the pulmonary artery during a pulse ablation in a patient with atrial fibrillation.CASE SUMMARY We described a case in which a linear foreign body suddenly appeared on fluoroscopy image during pulsed ablation of atrial fibrillation.Multiposition angiography showed that the foreign body was currently lodged in the pulmonary artery but was hemodynamically stable.We then chose to use an interventional approach to remove the foreign body from the pulmonary artery.This foreign body was subsequently confirmed to be from the hydrophilic coating of the guidewire surface.This may be related to the difficulties encountered during the puncture of the femoral vein.This is a rare and serious complication of femoral vein puncture.Therefore,we reported this case in order to avoid a similar situation.CONCLUSION Mismatches between interventional devices from different manufacturers used for femoral venipuncture may result in pulmonary artery foreign bodies.

Cap-assisted endoscopy for esophageal foreign bodies:A metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Esophageal foreign bodies are common around the world.Newer approaches,such as cap-assisted endoscopy,have been introduced as an alternative to conventional methods.Therefore,we performed a meta-analysis ono cap-assisted endoscopy versus conventional endoscopy for removal of esophageal foreign bodies.AIM To investigated the effectiveness of cap-assisted endoscopy with conventional endoscopy.METHODS An extensive literature search was performed(December 2021).For esophageal foreign body removal,cap-assisted endoscopy was compared to conventional endoscopy for procedure time,technical success of the procedure,time of foreign body retrieval,en bloc removal,and adverse event rate using odds ratio and mean difference.RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria(n=1305).Higher odds of technical success(P=0.002)and en bloc removal(P<0.01)and lower odds of adverse events(P=0.02)and foreign body removal time(P<0.01)were observed with cap-assisted endoscopy as compared to conventional techniques.CONCLUSION For esophageal foreign bodies,the technique of cap-assisted endoscopy demonstrated increased en bloc removal and technical success with decreased time and adverse events as compared to conventional techniques.

General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation ensures the quick removal of magnetic foreign bodies:A case report

BACKGROUND The incidence of ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract has been increasing year by year.Due to their strong magnetic attraction,if multiple gastrointestinal foreign bodies enter the small intestine,it can lead to serious complications such as intestinal perforation,necrosis,torsion,and bleeding.Severe cases require surgical intervention.CASE SUMMARY We report a 6-year-old child who accidentally swallowed multiple magnetic balls.Under timely and safe anesthesia,the magnetic balls were quickly removed through gastroscopy before entering the small intestine.CONCLUSION General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation can ensure full anesthesia under the condition of fasting for less than 6 h.In order to prevent magnetic foreign bodies from entering the small intestine,timely and effective measures must be taken to remove the foreign bodies.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies/harmful materials in children from Bahrain:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Children like to discover their environment by putting substances in their mouths.This behavior puts them at risk of accidentally ingesting foreign bodies(FBs)or harmful materials,which can cause serious morbidities.AIM To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,complications,management,and outcomes of accidental ingestion of FBs,caustics,and medications in children.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted for accidental ingestion to the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between 2011 and 2021.Demographic data,type of FB/harmful material ingested,and investigations used for diagnosis and management were recorded.The patients were divided into three groups based on the type of ingested material(FBs,caustics,and medications).The three groups were compared based on patient demographics,socioeconomic status(SES),symptoms,ingestion scenario,endoscopic and surgical complications,management,and outcomes.The FB anatomical location was categorized as the esophagus,stomach,and bowel and compared with respect to symptoms.The Fisher’s exact,Pearson’s χ^(2),Mann-Whitney U,and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison.RESULTS A total of 161 accidental ingestion episodes were documented in 153 children.Most children were boys(n=85,55.6%),with a median age of 2.8(interquartile range:1.8-4.4)years.Most participants ingested FBs(n=108,70.6%),31(20.3%)ingested caustics,and the remaining 14(9.2%)ingested medications.Patients with caustic ingestion were younger at the time of presentation(P<0.001)and were more symptomatic(n=26/31,89.7%)than those who ingested medications(n=8/14,57.1%)or FBs(n=52/108,48.6%)(P<0.001).The caustic group had more vomiting(P<0.001)and coughing(P=0.029)than the other groups.Most FB ingestions were asymptomatic(n=55/108,51.4%).In terms of FB location,most esophageal FBs were symptomatic(n=14/16,87.5%),whereas most gastric(n=34/56,60.7%)and intestinal FBs(n=19/32,59.4%)were asymptomatic(P=0.002).Battery ingestion was the most common(n=49,32%).Unsafe toys were the main source of batteries(n=22/43,51.2%).Most episodes occurred while playing(n=49/131,37.4%)or when they were unwitnessed(n=78,57.4%).FBs were ingested more while playing(P<0.001),caustic ingestion was mainly due to unsafe storage(P<0.001),and medication ingestion was mostly due to a missing object(P<0.001).Girls ingested more jewelry items than boys(P=0.006).The stomach was the common location of FB lodgment,both radiologically(n=54/123,43.9%)and endoscopically(n=31/91,34%).Of 107/108(99.1%)patients with FB ingestion,spontaneous passage was noted in 54(35.5%),endoscopic removal in 46(30.3%),laparotomy in 5(3.3%)after magnet ingestion,and direct laryngoscopy in 2(1.3%).Pharmacological therapy was required for 105(70.9%)patients;79/105(75.2%)in the FB group,22/29(75.9%)in the caustic group,and 4/14(28.8%)in the medication group(P=0.001).Omeprazole was the commonly used(n=58;37.9%)and was used more in the caustic group(n=19/28,67.9%)than in the other groups(P=0.001).Endoscopic and surgical complications were detected in 39/148(26.4%)patients.The caustic group had more complications than the other groups(P=0.036).Gastrointestinal perforation developed in the FB group only(n=5,3.4%)and was more with magnet ingestion(n=4)than with other FBs(P<0.001).In patients with FB ingestion,patients aged<1 year(P=0.042),those with middle or low SES(P=0.028),and those with more symptoms at presentation(P=0.027)had more complications.Patients with complications had longer hospital stays(P<0.001)than those without.CONCLUSION Accidental ingestion in children is a serious condition.Symptomatic infants from middle or low SES families have the highest morbidity.Prevention through parental education and government legislation is crucial.

Fishbone-Type Pharyngeal Foreign Body with Cutaneous Migration in the ENT Department of the Mamou Regional Hospital: A Case Report

We report a case of pharyngeal foreign body with cutaneous migration in the form of a fishbone in a 24-year-old rural resident, presented with odynophagia, dysphagia, pain and left antero-latero-cervical swelling fistulated to the skin following ingestion of a fishbone during a meal that had been evolving for 2 weeks. Vital parameters were normal, with an unremarkable psychological examination. Clinical examination revealed a left antero-latero-cervical swelling that was painful to palpation, fistulous to the skin and draining frank pus, revealing a sharp fishbone. A standard X-ray showed that the foreign body had exited the pharynx and was located in the soft tissues of the lower neck. An exploratory cervicotomy was performed, allowing extraction of a serrated fishbone. The post-operative course was favorable.

Characteristics of Ent Foreign Bodies in a Hospital at Cotonou, Benin

Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) can constitute a life-threatening emergency by their nature or their location. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of FB in the ENT department of CHUZ-Suru Léré in Cotonou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection spanning a period of ten (10) years from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2022. Patients of all ages seen in consultations in the ENT and CCF department of the CHUZ-Suru Léré during the study period and meeting the inclusion criteria were taken into account. Results: During the study period, 1810 cases of FB were collected among the 13,947 consultations, i.e. a hospital frequency of 12.98%. The age of the patients varied from 19 days to 94 years with a predominance of children under 10 years (60.2%). The sex ratio (male/female) was 1.13. The duration between the onset of FB and the medical consultation was greater than 72 hours in 88.49% of cases. The circumstances of occurrence of FB were unknown in 86.34% of cases. The external acoustic meatus was the most common location (90.22%). The nature of FB was inorganic in 86.80% of cases dominated by earwax plugs (77.90%), and organic FB in 7.96% of cases dominated by cotton (3.98%). All FB were extracted by the route of introduction except one case. The extraction was performed most often in the consultation chair (97.07% of cases). The evolution was generally favorable (99.94%). Conclusion: ENT foreign bodies are a frequent reason for consultation and mainly affect male children. They are usually inorganic. Evolution is generally favorable after extraction. Prevention remains the best solution.

A case of tiny foreign body hidden in the neck for 27 years

Neck trauma has the characteristics of diversity,complexity,and danger.Mild injuries generally require debridement and suturing or symptomatic treatment.In severe cases,acute laryngeal obstruction,subcutaneous emphysema,severe deformation and collapse of laryngeal and tracheal cartilage,or damage to adjacent organs may occur.If not diagnosed in a timely manner or mishandled,it can endanger the patient’s life or leave sequelae.If foreign body residue is caused by head and neck trauma,a reasonable judgment should be made based on the patient’s condition and corresponding measures should be taken.Accurate localization of foreign bodies before and during surgery,as well as appropriate surgical methods,are key to ensuring successful treatment.This article reports a case of a small foreign body in the neck admitted to Xianning Central Hospital at the end of January 2023.

Endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract:A review

Foreign body ingestion is a common condition, es-pecially among children who represent 80% of these emergencies. The most frequently ingested foreign bodies in children are coins, toys, magnets and batter-ies. Most foreign body ingestions in adults occur while eating, leading to either bone or meat bolus impaction. Flexible endoscopy is the therapeutic method of choice for relieving food impaction and removing true foreign bodies with a success rate of over 95% and with mini-mal complications. This review describes a comprehen-sive approach towards patients presenting with foreign body ingestion. Recommendations are based on a review of the literature and extensive personal experi-ence.

Risk factors for complications associated with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies

AIM: To investigate predictive risk factors associated with complications in the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 194 patients with a diagnosis of foreign body impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract,confirmed by endoscopy,at two university hospital in South Korea.Patient demographic data,including age,gender,intention to ingestion,symptoms at admission,and comorbidities,were collected.Clinical features of the foreign bodies,such as type,size,sharpness of edges,number,and location,were analyzed.Endoscopic data those were analyzed included duration of foreign body impaction,duration of endoscopic performance,endoscopic device,days of hospitalization,complication rate,30-d mortality rate,and the number of operationsrelated to foreign body removal.RESULTS: The types of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies included fish bones,drugs,shells,meat,metal,and animal bones.The locations of impacted foreign bodies were the upper esophagus(57.2%),mid esophagus(28.4%),stomach(10.8%),and lower esophagus(3.6%).The median size of the foreign bodies was 26.2 ± 16.7 mm.Among 194 patients,endoscopic removal was achieved in 189,and complications developed in 51 patients(26.9%).Significant complications associated with foreign body impaction and removal included deep lacerations with minor bleeding(n = 31,16%),ulcer(n = 11,5.7%),perforation(n = 3,1.5%),and abscess(n = 1,0.5%).Four patients underwent operations because of incomplete endoscopic foreign body extraction.In multivariate analyses,risk factors for endoscopic complications and failure were sharpness(HR = 2.48,95%CI: 1.07-5.72; P = 0.034) and a greater than 12-h duration of impaction(HR = 2.42,95%CI: 1.12-5.25,P = 0.025).CONCLUSION: In cases of longer than 12 h since foreign body ingestion or sharp-pointed objects,rapid endoscopic intervention should be provided in patients with ingested foreign bodies.