Differential Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the japonica/indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population under Field Evaluation and Seedbox Screening Test

Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) -resistance in a japonica / indica doubled haploid (DH) rice population established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chun]iang 06 and susceptible indica TN1, was comparatively evaluated through a field experiment based on the WBPH immigrant density and standardized seedbox screening test (SSST). All the susceptible DH lines in the field experiment behaved accordingly in SSST. However, 35 of resistant 66 lines (53%) in the field, were categorized to susceptible groups in SSST. Likewise, there were no significant differences in WBPH immigrant densities among 70 DH lines that were highly resistant to susceptible in SSST. The results revealed that SSST could not evaluate properly WBPH resistance in the DH lines. Four QTLs for WBPH-resistance phenotyped by the immigrant density were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, and 11. Of them, the QTL on chromosome 4 was the most effective (LOD 21.8, variance 78%). Five QTLs associated with seedling mortality were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. In addition to the QTL (LOD 10.5, variance 68%) on chromosome 4, there was another major QTL (LOD 12.7, variance 71%) located on chromosome 5, which was SSST-specific but might be irrespective of the WBPH resistance traits.

Usefulness of the Japanese version of Rapid Dementia Screening Test for mild cognitive impairment in older patients with cardiovascular disease:a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Cognitive decline is common among older patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD) and can decrease their self-management abilities. However, the instruments for identifying mild cognitive impairment(MCI) are not always feasible in clinical practice. Therefore, this study evaluated whether MCI could be detected using the Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test(RDST-J), which is a simple screening tool for identifying cognitive decline.METHODS This retrospective single-center study included patients who were ≥ 65 years old and hospitalized because of CVD.Patients with a pre-hospitalization diagnosis of dementia were excluded. Each patient's cognitive function had been measured at discharge using the RDST-J and the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(Mo CA-J), which is a standard tool for MCI screening. The correlation between the two scores was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was also to evaluate whether the RDST-J could identify MCI, which was defined as a Mo CA-J score of ≤ 25 points.RESULTS The study included 78 patients(mean age: 77.2 ± 8.9 years). The RDST-J and Mo CA-J scores were strongly correlated(r = 0.835, P < 0.001). The ROC analysis revealed that an RDST-J score of ≤ 9 points provided 75.4% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity for identifying MCI, with an area under the curve of 0.899(95% CI: 0.835-0.964). The same cut-off value was identified when excluding patients with a high probability of dementia(RDST-J score of ≤ 4 points).CONCLUSIONS The RDST-J may be a simple and effective tool for identifying MCI in older patients with CVD.

Screening Test of Rape Varieties in Pengxi

A comprehensive comparison test was conducted among 23 rape varieties to screen out some with high yielding potential, good main traits and suitability for promotion in Pengxi County. The results showed that Guohaoyou 8 and Guohaoyou 5 had medium plant height, compact plant type, low branching position, high pod- ding density, more grains per pod, good comprehensive characters, high yield and moderate growth period, and they were suitable for planting in Pengxi area in large areas.

Colorectal cancer fecal screening test completion after age 74,sources and outcomes in French program

BACKGROUND Elderly patients aged at least 75 years old(Elderly_75),represent 45%of colorectal cancer(CRC)incidence.As others,the French Colorectal Cancer Screening Program(CRCSP)does not include Elderly_75.To date,there is little evidence to justify stopping screening at 74 years of age.AIM To describe CRC fecal screening test completion after age 74,source(CRCSP/Provider ordered)and outcomes of these tests.METHODS The study concerned 18704 Elderly_75 residing in eleven French districts(Ain,Doubs,Essonne,Haute-Saone,Hauts-de-Seine,Jura,Seine-Saint-Denis,Territoire-de-Belfort,Val-de-Marne,Val-d'Oise,Yonne),having performed a CRC screening test between January 2008 and December 2017.The tests performed in a circumstance of delayed response to a solicitation(DRS)from the local cancer screening managing center(Managing-Center)were distinguished from the tests non-solicited by the Managing-Center,performed after a recommendation by a General Practitioner(GP)or other provider ordered(RGP).DRS was any test realized by an Elderly_75 following an initial invitation from the ManagingCenter with a maximum 24 mo after this invitation.Any Non-DRS test was considered RGP.The outcomes of these tests were described according to the circumstances of test completion.RESULTS Of 18995 screening-tests were performed at ages:75(83.5%),76-80(13.4%)and>80(3.1%)years old.Elderly_75 performed the screening test in a circumstance of DRS(71.9%)or RGP(28.1%).The proportion of the tests that could not be analyzed and not restarted was 13.2%.For these unanalyzed tests,the reason was age-related in 78.0%of cases,related to the laboratory's refusal to analyze the test of people aged≥77.Reported colonoscopy completion rate was 81.3%.For those575 people with reported colonoscopy,no complication was listed.18.0%of the366 Elderly_75 with lesions had no anteriority in the CRCSP.The neoplasia(124 Low-risk-polyps,159 High-risk-polyps,13 Unspecified-polyps and 70 CRCs)detection rate was 19.3/1000 Elderly_75 screened and the CRC detection rate was3.7/1000 Elderly_75 screened.CONCLUSION The high rate of colonoscopy completion after a positive test and the high proportion of screened lesions observed suggest that the lengthening of the screening period could allow significant detection of CRC and polyps that occur in Elderly_75 excluded from CRCSP.

Colorectal cancer screening: Modalities and adherence

In the last decade,several studies have explored various modalities and strategies for colorectal cancer(CRC)screening,taking into account epidemiological data,individual characteristics,and socioeconomic factors.In this editorial,we comment further on a retrospective study by Agatsuma et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our focus is on screening trends,particularly in relation to efforts to improve the currently suboptimal uptake among the general population worldwide,aiming to enhance early diagnosis rates of CRC.There is a need to raise awareness through health edu-cation programs and to consider the use of readily available,non-invasive screening methods.These strategies are crucial for attracting screen-eligible populations to participate in first-line screening,especially those in high-or average-risk groups and in regions with limited resources.Liquid biopsies and biomarkers represent rapidly evolving trends in screening and diagnosis;however,their clinical relevance has yet to be standardized.

Optimization of colorectal cancer screening strategies: New insights

In this editorial,we discuss the article by Agatsuma et al.We concentrate specifically on the current routinely used screening tests recommended by society guidelines and delve into the significance of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)and its substantial impact on both incidence and mortality rates.Screening is highly recommended,and an early diagnosis stands out as the most crucial predictor of survival for CRC patients.Therefore,it is essential to identify and address the barriers hindering adherence to screening measures,as these barriers can vary among different populations.Furthermore,we focus on screening strategy optimization by selecting high-risk groups.Patients with comorbidities who regularly visit hospitals have been diagnosed at an early stage,showing no significant difference compared to patients undergoing regular screening.This finding highlights the importance of extending screening measures to include patients with comorbidities who do not routinely visit the hospital.

Diagnostic values of combination of free running asthma screening test and total serum allergen IgE level in children with asthma

Background A free running asthma screening test is usually used for screening exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.The total serum allergen IgE level can reveal the patient＇s atopy characteristics.Our study is to evaluate the diagnostic values of the combination of the two tests in asthmatic children and compare this new diagnostic method with the Intemational Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood （ISSAC） questionnaires and the bronchial provocation test,which are popular diagnostic tool for pediatric asthma.Methods A total of 773 school children were recruited in this study.The children＇s asthma was diagnosed by means of a combination of the free running asthma screening test and total serum allergen IgE level.The new diagnostic method value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves and compared with other diagnostic tools such as ISSAC questionnaires and the bronchial provocation test.Results The AUC of this new diagnostic method was higher than 0.9.When the cut-off value of total serum allergen IgE level was ≥47 KU/L,the sensitivity and the specificity were 71.4％ and 85.1％,respectively,which were better than those of either the ISSAC questionnaires or bronchial provocation test.Conclusion The combination of the free running asthma screening test and total serum allergen IgE level may be an effective diagnostic tool for children＇s asthma.

USING CAPILLARY WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE TEST IN SCREENING FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

To discuss whether the capillary whole blood glucose （CBG） test can be used in glucose screening test （GST） for gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） compared to the venous plasma glucose （ VPG） method, and to determine the cutoff value of CBG. Methods This was a self-control test. The 50-g oral GST was conducted among 1 557 pregnant women between 24-28 weeks. Every woman was measured CBG and VPG at the same time and same arm. Three hundred and forty women underwent 100-g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）. Receiver operation curve （ROC） was used to determine the potential cutoff level of CBG and VPG. Diagnose criteria of GDM was based on NDDG criteria. OGTT diagnosed GDM and VPG ≥ 7. 8 mmol/L were used as golden standard for ROC. Results There was good relationship between CBG and VPG （ P 〈0.01 ）. Correlation coefficient was O. 86. The value of CBG was lower than VPG. The statistical and high-sensitivity cutoff values were 7. 4 mmol/L in CBG and 7. 8 mmol/L in VPG when GDM was used as golden standard. Cutoff value of CBG was 7. 0 mmol/L when VPG≥7. 8 mmol/L was used as golden standard. The pregnant outcomes of positive cases of three thresholds had no significant differences. But it was better in case of the pregnant woman when the CBG value was more than 7. 4 mmol/L. Conclusion CBG can be used in GST, the threshold of CBG was suggested as 7. 4 mmol/L. CBG test was more convenience and effective than VPG test.

Similar fecal immunochemical test results in screening and referral colorectal cancer

AIM: To improve the interpretation of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results in colorectal cancer (CRC) cases from screening and referral cohorts. METHODS: In this comparative observational study, two prospective cohorts of CRC cases were compared. The first cohort was obtained from 10 322 average risk subjects invited for CRC screening with FIT, of which, only subjects with a positive FIT were referred for colonoscopy. The second cohort was obtained from 3637 subjects scheduled for elective colonoscopy with a positive FIT result. The same FIT and positivity threshold (OC sensor; ≥ 50 ng/mL) was used in both cohorts. Colonoscopy was performed in all referral subjects and in FIT positive screening subjects. All CRC cases were selected from both cohorts. Outcome measurements were mean FIT results and FIT scores per tissue tumor stage (T stage). RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen patients with CRC were included in the present study: 28 cases obtained from the screening cohort (64% male; mean age 65 years, SD 6.5) and 90 cases obtained from the referral cohort (58% male; mean age 69 years, SD 9.8). The mean FIT results found were higher in the referral cohort (829 ± 302 ng/mLvs 613 ± 368 ng/mL,P = 0.02). Tissue tumor stage (T stage) distribution was dif-ferent between both populations [screening population: 13 (46%) T1, eight (29%) T2, six (21%) T3, one (4%) T4 carcinoma; referral population: 12 (13%) T1, 22 (24%) T2, 52 (58%) T3, four (4%) T4 carcinoma], and higher T stage was significantly associated with higher FIT results (P < 0.001). Per tumor stage, no significant difference in mean FIT results was observed (screening vs referral: T1 498 ± 382 ng/mL vs 725 ± 374 ng/mL, P = 0.22; T2 787 ± 303 ng/mL vs 794 ± 341 ng/mL, P = 0.79; T3 563 ± 368 ng/mLvs 870 ± 258 ng/mL,P = 0.13; T4 not available). After correction for T stage in logistic regression analysis, no significant differences in mean FIT results were observed between both types of cohorts (P = 0.10). CONCLUSION: Differences in T stage distribution largely explain differences in FIT results between screening and referral cohorts. Therefore, FIT results should be reported according to T stage.

Why is early detection of colon cancer still not possible in 2023?

Colorectal cancer(CRC)screening is a fundamental tool in the prevention and early detection of one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers.Over the years,screening,particularly in those settings where it is well organized,has succeeded in reducing the incidence of colon and rectal cancer and improving the prognosis related to them.Despite considerable advancements in screening technologies and strategies,the effectiveness of CRC screening programs remains less than optimal.This paper examined the multifaceted reasons behind the persistent lack of effect-iveness in CRC screening initiatives.Through a critical analysis of current methodologies,technological limitations,patient-related factors,and systemic challenges,we elucidated the complex interplay that hampers the successful reduction of CRC morbidity and mortality rates.While acknowledging the ad-vancements that have improved aspects of screening,we emphasized the necessity of addressing the identified barriers comprehensively.This study aimed to raise awareness of how important CRC screening is in reducing costs for this disease.Screening and early diagnosis are not only important in improving the prognosis of patients with CRC but can lead to an important reduction in the cost of treating a disease that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.Spending more sooner can mean saving money later.

Current testing strategies for hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors and the way forward

Screening tests for blood donations are based upon sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and their suitability for high-throughput testing. Enzyme immunoassay (EIAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were the initial screening tests introduced. The &#x0201d;first generation&#x0201c; antibody EIAs detected seroconversion after unduly long infectious window period. Improved HCV antibody assays still had an infectious window period around 66 d. HCV core antigen EIAs shortened the window period considerably, but high costs did not lead to widespread acceptance. A fourth-generation HCV antigen and antibody assay (combination EIA) is more convenient as two infectious markers of HCV are detected in the same assay. Molecular testing for HCV-RNA utilizing nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) is the most sensitive assay and shortens the window period to only 4 d. Implementation of NAT in many developed countries around the world has resulted in dramatic reductions in transfusion transmissible HCV and relative risk is now &#x0003c; 1 per million donations. However, HCV serology still continues to be retained as some donations are serology positive but NAT negative. In resource constrained countries HCV screening is highly variable, depending upon infrastructure, trained manpower and financial resource. Rapid tests which do not require instrumentation and are simple to perform are used in many small and remotely located blood centres. The sensitivity as compared to EIAs is less and wherever feasible HCV antibody EIAs are most frequently used screening assays. Efforts have been made to implement combined antigen-antibody assays and even NAT in some of these countries.

Validity,reliability,and psychometric properties of a computerized,cognitive assessment test(Cognivue^®)Validity,reliability,and psychometric properties of a computerized,cognitive assessment test(Cognivue^®)

BACKGROUND Cognitive issues such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias confer a substantial negative impact.Problems relating to sensitivity,subjectivity,and inherent bias can limit the usefulness of many traditional methods of assessing cognitive impairment.AIM To determine cut-off scores for classification of cognitive impairment,and assess Cognivue®safety and efficacy in a large validation study.METHODS Adults(age 55-95 years)at risk for age-related cognitive decline or dementia were invited via posters and email to participate in two cohort studies conducted at various outpatient clinics and assisted-and independent-living facilities.In the cut-off score determination study(n=92),optimization analyses by positive percent agreement(PPA)and negative percent agreement(NPA),and by accuracy and error bias were conducted.In the clinical validation study(n=401),regression,rank linear regression,and factor analyses were conducted.Participants in the clinical validation study also completed other neuropsychological tests.RESULTS For the cut-off score determination study,92 participants completed St.Louis University Mental Status(SLUMS,reference standard)and Cognivue^®tests.Analyses showed that SLUMS cut-off scores of<21(impairment)and>26(no impairment)corresponded to Cognivue^®scores of 54.5(NPA=0.92;PPA=0.64)and 78.5(NPA=0.5;PPA=0.79),respectively.Therefore,conservatively,Cognivue^®scores of 55-64 corresponded to impairment,and 74-79 to no impairment.For the clinical validation study,401 participants completed≥1 testing session,and 358 completed 2 sessions 1-2 wk apart.Cognivue^®classification scores were validated,demonstrating good agreement with SLUMS scores(weightedκ0.57;95%CI:0.50-0.63).Reliability analyses showed similar scores across repeated testing for Cognivue^®(R2=0.81;r=0.90)and SLUMS(R2=0.67;r=0.82).Psychometric validity of Cognivue^®was demonstrated vs.traditional neuropsychological tests.Scores were most closely correlated with measures of verbal processing,manual dexterity/speed,visual contrast sensitivity,visuospatial/executive function,and speed/sequencing.CONCLUSION Cognivue^®scores≤50 avoid misclassification of impairment,and scores≥75 avoid misclassification of unimpairment.The validation study demonstrates good agreement between Cognivue^®and SLUMS;superior reliability;and good psychometric validity.

Cognitive screening for adult psychiatric outpatients: Comparison of the Cognivue® to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

In this editorial we comment on the article by Cahn-Hidalgo D published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Psychiatry 2020;10(1);1-11.We focus on the importance of utilizing psychometrically valid cognitive screening tools when assessing for cognitive decline in older adults in a psychiatric outpatient setting.We compared the use of Cognivue®to use of the montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)as a cognitive screening tool.A total of 58 patients aged 55 and over participated in this comparison study.Patients completed cognitive screening on Cognivue®,a new Food and Drug Administration-cleared computer screening device,and the MoCA.The results of patient performance using these two instruments were analyzed.Sixteen(28%)patients screened negative for cognitive impairment on both assessments.Forty-two(72%)patients screened positive on one or both of the assessments.There was 43%agreement between Cognivue®and the MoCA in identifying patients with cognitive impairment,and individual subtests were weakly correlated.The MoCA was determined to be the preferred instrument due to its high sensitivity and specificity(100%and 87%,respectively)when screening for cognitive impairment.We propose that the use of Cognivue®cognitive screening tool be closely reviewed until more research proves that the test meets the standards for reliability and validity.It is important for clinicians to remember that screeners should not be used to diagnosis patients with neurocognitive disorders;instead,they should be used to determine whether further evaluation is warranted.Additionally,misdiagnosing of neurocognitive disorders can pose unnecessary psychological and emotional harm to patients and their families and also lead to incorrect treatment and undue healthcare costs.

Detection of Undiagnosed Prediabetes and Diabetes in Dental Patients: A Proposal of a Dental-Office-Friendly Diabetes Screening Tool

Objective: This study was designed to develop a dental-office-friendly diabetes self-screening tool for diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (PreDM). Methods: Consecutive dental patients, aged 18 years or older, without history of DM or PreDM, completed a 14-question questionnaire without assistance. They subsequently underwent onsite finger-sticks for capillary blood collection for glycohemoglobin (A1c) measurement. Results: Of the total 500 patients who completed the study, 302 were women (60.4%) and 198 were men (39.6%), with a collective mean age of 47.8 (±16.8) years old. The prevalence of PreDM and DM was 19.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Predictors of PreDM or DM included age, >10% above ideal body weight, waist size above 40” for men or 35” for women, reported hypertension, reported abnormal lipids, tingling of hands or feet, and visual symptoms or conditions (blurring, cataracts, glaucoma). Conclusions: This study introduces a newly developed, user-friendly, PreDM and DM self-screening tool, abbreviated as DiDDO (Diabetes detection in the dental office). This screening tool requires no body weighing or BMI calculation (undesirable by dentists) nor laboratory tests or blood pressure measurement, allowing dentists to identify patients at moderate and high risk for DM/PreDM, and perform (or refer for) diagnostic A1c testing. This dental-office-friendly self-screening tool is proposed for validation in other dental populations.

Women's willingness to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus during pregnancy: A review

Mother-to-child-transmission of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is a primary cause of pediatric infections with HIV. Many of these infections involve women who were not tested early enough in pregnancy, or who didnot receive prevention services. HIV testing of pregnant women is considered to be one of the key strategies for preventing mother-to-child-transmission of HIV, but HIV testing rates among pregnant women in various countries remain suboptimal. Understanding the factors relating to women's willingness to be tested for HIV during pregnancy is critical for developing strategies to increase HIV testing rates among pregnant women. Extensive research points to various factors relating to women's willingness to be tested for HIV during pregnancy, and various recommendations aimed at improving testing rates among pregnant women have been suggested based on the research. In light of the goals set by the United Nations to reduce the rate of infants infected with HIV, it is necessary to summarize what is currently known regarding factors related to women's willingness to be tested for HIV during pregnancy. The purpose of this review is therefore to examine factors related to women's willingness to be tested for HIV during pregnancy, and to summarize recommendations for practice and further research.

Results of National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Croatia(2007-2011)

AIM:To study the epidemiologic indicators of uptake and characteristic colonoscopic findings in the Croatian National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.METHODS:Colorectal cancer(CRC) was the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men(n = 1063,49.77/100 000),as well as women(n = 803,34.89/100 000) in Croatia in 2009.The Croatian National CRC Screening Program was established by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare,and its implementation started in September,2007.The coordinators were recruited in each county institute of public health with an obligation to provide fecal occult blood testing(FOBT) to the participants,followed by colonoscopy in all positive cases.The FOBT was performed by hypersensitive guaiac-based Hemognost card test(Biognost,Zagreb).The test and short questionnaire were delivered to the home addresses of all citizens aged 50-74 years consecutively during a 3-year period.Each participant was required to complete the questionnaire and send it together with the stool specimen on three test cards back to the institute for further analysis.About 4% FOBT positive cases are expected in normal risk populations.A descriptive analysis was performed.RESULTS:A total of 1 056 694 individuals(born between 1933-1945 and 1952-1957) were invited to screening by the end of September 2011.In total,210 239(19.9%) persons returned the envelope with a completed questionnaire,and 181 102 of them returned it with a correctly placed stool specimen on FOBT cards.Until now,12 477(6.9%),FOBT-positive patients have been found,which is at the upper limit of the expected values in European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in CRC Screening and Diagnosis [European Union(EU) Guidelines].Colonoscopy was performed in 8541 cases(uptake 66%).Screening has identified CRC in 472 patients(5.5% of colonoscopied,3.8% of FOBT-positive,and 0.26% of all screened individuals).This is also in the expected range according to EU Guidelines.Polyps were found and removed in 3329(39% of colonoscopied) patients.The largest number of polyps were found in the left half of the colon:64%(19%,37% and 8% in the rectum,sigma,and descendens,respectively).The other 36% were detected in the proximal part(17% in the transverse colon and 19% in ceco-ascending colon).Small polyps in the rectum(5-10 mm in diameter),sigmoid and descending colon were histologically found to be tubular adenomas in 60% of cases,with a low degree of dysplasia,and 40% were classified as hyperplastic.Polyps of this size in the transverse or ceco-ascending colon in almost 20% had a histologically villous component,but still had a low degree of dysplasia.Polyps sized 10-20 mm in diameter were in 43% cases tubulovillous,and among them,32% had areas with a high degree of dysplasia,especially those polyps in the cecoascending or transverse part.The characteristics of the Croatian CRC Screening National Program in the first 3 years were as follows:relatively low percentage of returned FOBT,higher number of FOBT-positive persons but still in the range for population-based programs,and higher number of pathologic findings(polyps and cancers).CONCLUSION:These results suggest a need for intervention strategies that include organizational changes and educational activities to improve awareness of CRC screening usefulness and increase participation rates.

Follow-up study on ThinPrep cytology test-positive patients in tropical regions

BACKGROUND As shown in the statistics from the World Health Organization,it is estimated that approximately 75000 new cases of cervical cancer occur every year in China.In 2008,33000 people died of cervical cancer in China.It is proven that most women are at risk of cervical cancer.The progression from human papillomavirus(HPV)infection to cervical cancer can be several years or decades,which offers a unique opportunity to prevent cancer.AIM To observe the changes in ThinPrep cytology tests(TCT)and HPV infection in patients who were detected to be positive via TCT screening of cervical cancer and further explore the biopsy results.METHODS This paper performed a follow-up study on 206 cervical cancer screening-positive patients of 12231 total cases from our previous research.We conducted an observational study on the TCT results based on the interpretation of The Bethesda System.RESULTS Over a 5-year period,10 cases received consistent follow-up.The proportions of cases in which glandular epithelial lesions were detected increased over the follow-up period.The differences between the years were statistically significant(P<0.01).Over the 5 years,the proportion of patients whose squamous epithelial lesions transformed into glandular epithelial lesions increased yearly.Annual positive rates of HPV infection were:year 1,73%(24/33);year 2,43%(6/14);year 3,36%(9/25);year 4,50%(9/18);and year 5,25%(6/24).The positive detection rate after biopsy over a 9-year period was 29%.CONCLUSION The follow-up study for 5 years to 9 years revealed a tendency to change from squamous epithelial lesions to glandular epithelial lesions and an improvement of the disease(which had not been reported previously).The HPV test indicated a high negative conversion ratio of the viral infection.However,the follow-up cases were not found to have persistent infection of high-risk HPV.Therefore,early intervention of cervical cancer screening is necessary.Low re-examination compliance,patient education,and preventive measures should be enhanced.

Microbiome and pancreatic cancer: A comprehensive topic review of literature

To review microbiome alterations associated with pancreatic cancer, its potential utility in diagnostics, risk assessment, and influence on disease outcomes.METHODSA comprehensive literature review was conducted by all-inclusive topic review from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. The last search was performed in October 2016.RESULTSDiverse microbiome alterations exist among several body sites including oral, gut, and pancreatic tissue, in patients with pancreatic cancer compared to healthy populations.CONCLUSIONPilot study successes in non-invasive screening strategies warrant further investigation for future translational application in early diagnostics and to learn modifiable risk factors relevant to disease prevention. Pre-clinical investigations exist in other tumor types that suggest microbiome manipulation provides opportunity to favorably transform cancer response to existing treatment protocols and improve survival.

Association between hip abductor function,rear-foot dynamic alignment,and dynamic knee valgus during single-leg squats and drop landings

Background： Preventing anterior cruciate ligament（ACL） injuries is very important for athletes, and dynamic knee valgus is considered a risk factor for non-contact ACL injury. However, little is known about whether the functions of the hip abductor and rear-foot increase dynamic knee valgus. A two-dimensional（2D） video-based screening test focused on hip abductor and rear-foot functions among factors involved in dynamic knee valgus. The present study determined associations between hip and rear-foot dynamic alignment and dynamic knee valgus.Methods： This cross-sectional study recruited 130 female basketball players（258 legs） from nine high-school teams. The players performed single-leg squats and single-leg drop landings to provide knee-in（KID） and hip-out（HOD） distances on 2D video images. Hip and rear-foot dynamic alignment was evaluated using a dynamic Trendelenburg test（DTT） and a dynamic heel-floor test（HFT）.Results： The Chi-square test revealed no significant difference in the prevalence of DTT-positivity between single-leg squats（28.7%） and singleleg drop landings（23.3%）. The prevalence of HFT-positivity was significantly greater during landings（51.4%） than during single-leg squats（31.0%, p 〈 0.01）. The KID values for both single-leg squats and single-leg drop landings were greater in the DTT-positive than in the DTTnegative group（15.1 5.4 cm and 20.2 7.5 cm, p 〈 0.001）. The HOD values were similarly greater in the DTT-positive group（15.2 1.9 cm and 17.6 2.8 cm, p 〈 0.001）. The KID values for both single-leg squats and single-leg drop landings were greater in the HFT-positive than in the HFT-negative group（12.2 5.1 cm, p 〈 0.01; 14.7 7.2 cm, p 〈 0.001）, whereas HOD values for these tasks did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusion： Dynamic hip mal-alignment might be associated with both greater KID and HOD, whereas rear-foot eversion is associated only with greater KID. Hip abductor and rear-foot dysfunction are important factors for dynamic knee valgus and thus evaluating DTT and HFT will help to prevent dynamic knee valgus.

Diagnostic challenges in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic liver disease

Alcohol use disorders represent a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical manifestations that have been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to damage of various organs, including the liver. Alcoholic liver disease includes different injuries ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and implicates a diagnostic assessment of the liver disease and of its possible complications. There is growing interest in the possible different tools for assessing previous alcohol consumption and for establishing the severity of liver injury, especially by noninvasive methods.