Vegetables and fruits are known to have long-lasting biological reactions even after harvesting. Volatile components may be released as a biological response to stimulation or injury. We measured the concentrations of...Vegetables and fruits are known to have long-lasting biological reactions even after harvesting. Volatile components may be released as a biological response to stimulation or injury. We measured the concentrations of volatiles released from the cut surfaces of cucumbers after their harvest and analyzed the relationship between the time the cucumbers were cut and gas concentrations. The results showed that gas concentrations indicate a circadian rhythm. We previously reported that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations was 6 hours per cycle in the summer, i.e., from the vernal equinox to the autumnal equinox, and 24 hours per cycle in the winter, i.e., from the autumn equinox to the vernal equinox. We analyzed the gas concentrations emitted from cucumber sections in more detail in this paper and found that the circadian rhythms differ among winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons. We found that one cycle of the circadian rhythm was 8 hours in winter, 6 hours in spring, 24 hours in summer, and a mixed cycle of 24 and 12 hours in autumn.展开更多
We have demonstrated the existence of a pyramid power and have revealed its characteristics by strictly scientific experiments using biosensors. We also revealed the existence of a Bio-Entanglement, an entangled relat...We have demonstrated the existence of a pyramid power and have revealed its characteristics by strictly scientific experiments using biosensors. We also revealed the existence of a Bio-Entanglement, an entangled relationship between biosensors. A parallel study of biosensors (edible cucumber slices) had also been conducted, and we found that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations emitted from biosensors changes seasonally. The pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement did not change the number of cycles in the periodic approximation curve representing circadian rhythm. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed the influence of the pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement, i.e., their influence on the phase, amplitude, and correlation coefficient of the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm of emitted gas concentrations. The main results are as follows. 1) The pyramid power shifted the phase of the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm by 43 minutes. 2) The amplitude of the periodic approximation curve changed with the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement. The effect on the lower and upper sections of the biosensors stacked in two layers was different, with a tendency to increase the amplitude of the lower layer and decrease the amplitude of the upper layer. 3) The pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affected the correlation coefficient between gas concentration and the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm of gas concentration. The effect on the lower and upper layers of the biosensors was different, with a tendency for the lower layer correlation coefficient to be larger and the upper layer correlation coefficient to be smaller. Previously we demonstrated that the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affect the ratio of gas concentration, i.e., psi index Ψ. In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affect time, i.e., phase difference.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a comprehensive and thorough understanding of biological rhythm.Biological rhythm is an inherent connotation of“harmony between human and nature”,one of the thoughts in TCM.TCM d...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a comprehensive and thorough understanding of biological rhythm.Biological rhythm is an inherent connotation of“harmony between human and nature”,one of the thoughts in TCM.TCM discusses emphatically circadian rhythm,syzygial rhythm and seasonal rhythm,and particularly circadian and seasonal rhythms.Theories of Yin Yang and Five Elements are the principles and methods,with which TCM understands biological rhythms.Based on theories in TCM,biological rhythm in essence is a continuous variation of the human body state synchronized with natural rhythms,and theories of Yin Yang and Five Elements are both language tools to describe this continuous variation and theoretical tools for its investigation and application.The understandings of biological rhythm in TCM can be applied to etiology,health care,disease control and treatment.Many understandings in TCM have been confirmed by modern research and clinical reports,but there are still some pending issues.TCM is distinguished for its holistic viewpoint on biological rhythms.展开更多
Background:The vocalizations of birds are dynamic traits that often vary in output with time of day and time of year.By quantifying patterns of diel and seasonal variation in vocal output,we can gain insight into the ...Background:The vocalizations of birds are dynamic traits that often vary in output with time of day and time of year.By quantifying patterns of diel and seasonal variation in vocal output,we can gain insight into the ecology and evolution of birds and the function of their vocalizations.In this investigation,we quantified diel and seasonal variation in song output by studying a breeding population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis).Methods:We used autonomous recorders to collect extensive recordings across the breeding season in a long-term, colour-marked study population of Savannah Sparrows in eastern Canada.We described diel and seasonal variation across five different breeding stages based on recordings of more than 50,000 songs from 34 males.Results:During the pre-breeding stage, prior to female arrival, males sang a pronounced dawn chorus with a peak in song output during the early morning.During the breeding stage,in contrast,the dawn chorus was diminished and males instead exhibited a pronounced dusk chorus with a peak in song output during the evening.Across the breeding season,the highest levels of song output occurred in late April and early May,soon after males arrived on the breeding grounds,and the lowest levels occurred in August,prior to the departure of birds for the wintering grounds.Conclusions:These patterns suggest that Savannah Sparrows' early-season dawn choruses are directed at males and serve a territorial defense function.Later-season dusk choruses,in contrast, appear to play a role in attracting mates and possibly acoustic mate guarding.展开更多
文摘Vegetables and fruits are known to have long-lasting biological reactions even after harvesting. Volatile components may be released as a biological response to stimulation or injury. We measured the concentrations of volatiles released from the cut surfaces of cucumbers after their harvest and analyzed the relationship between the time the cucumbers were cut and gas concentrations. The results showed that gas concentrations indicate a circadian rhythm. We previously reported that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations was 6 hours per cycle in the summer, i.e., from the vernal equinox to the autumnal equinox, and 24 hours per cycle in the winter, i.e., from the autumn equinox to the vernal equinox. We analyzed the gas concentrations emitted from cucumber sections in more detail in this paper and found that the circadian rhythms differ among winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons. We found that one cycle of the circadian rhythm was 8 hours in winter, 6 hours in spring, 24 hours in summer, and a mixed cycle of 24 and 12 hours in autumn.
文摘We have demonstrated the existence of a pyramid power and have revealed its characteristics by strictly scientific experiments using biosensors. We also revealed the existence of a Bio-Entanglement, an entangled relationship between biosensors. A parallel study of biosensors (edible cucumber slices) had also been conducted, and we found that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations emitted from biosensors changes seasonally. The pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement did not change the number of cycles in the periodic approximation curve representing circadian rhythm. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed the influence of the pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement, i.e., their influence on the phase, amplitude, and correlation coefficient of the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm of emitted gas concentrations. The main results are as follows. 1) The pyramid power shifted the phase of the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm by 43 minutes. 2) The amplitude of the periodic approximation curve changed with the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement. The effect on the lower and upper sections of the biosensors stacked in two layers was different, with a tendency to increase the amplitude of the lower layer and decrease the amplitude of the upper layer. 3) The pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affected the correlation coefficient between gas concentration and the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm of gas concentration. The effect on the lower and upper layers of the biosensors was different, with a tendency for the lower layer correlation coefficient to be larger and the upper layer correlation coefficient to be smaller. Previously we demonstrated that the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affect the ratio of gas concentration, i.e., psi index Ψ. In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affect time, i.e., phase difference.
基金This work is supported by a grant from National Science Foundation of China(No.81574098).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a comprehensive and thorough understanding of biological rhythm.Biological rhythm is an inherent connotation of“harmony between human and nature”,one of the thoughts in TCM.TCM discusses emphatically circadian rhythm,syzygial rhythm and seasonal rhythm,and particularly circadian and seasonal rhythms.Theories of Yin Yang and Five Elements are the principles and methods,with which TCM understands biological rhythms.Based on theories in TCM,biological rhythm in essence is a continuous variation of the human body state synchronized with natural rhythms,and theories of Yin Yang and Five Elements are both language tools to describe this continuous variation and theoretical tools for its investigation and application.The understandings of biological rhythm in TCM can be applied to etiology,health care,disease control and treatment.Many understandings in TCM have been confirmed by modern research and clinical reports,but there are still some pending issues.TCM is distinguished for its holistic viewpoint on biological rhythms.
基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSERC for ongoing financial support to SMD,AEM,DRN,and DJM
文摘Background:The vocalizations of birds are dynamic traits that often vary in output with time of day and time of year.By quantifying patterns of diel and seasonal variation in vocal output,we can gain insight into the ecology and evolution of birds and the function of their vocalizations.In this investigation,we quantified diel and seasonal variation in song output by studying a breeding population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis).Methods:We used autonomous recorders to collect extensive recordings across the breeding season in a long-term, colour-marked study population of Savannah Sparrows in eastern Canada.We described diel and seasonal variation across five different breeding stages based on recordings of more than 50,000 songs from 34 males.Results:During the pre-breeding stage, prior to female arrival, males sang a pronounced dawn chorus with a peak in song output during the early morning.During the breeding stage,in contrast,the dawn chorus was diminished and males instead exhibited a pronounced dusk chorus with a peak in song output during the evening.Across the breeding season,the highest levels of song output occurred in late April and early May,soon after males arrived on the breeding grounds,and the lowest levels occurred in August,prior to the departure of birds for the wintering grounds.Conclusions:These patterns suggest that Savannah Sparrows' early-season dawn choruses are directed at males and serve a territorial defense function.Later-season dusk choruses,in contrast, appear to play a role in attracting mates and possibly acoustic mate guarding.
