In the northwest of Shandong Province during Late Qing Dynasty,the struggle for survival among the villagers became social norm due to the fragility of the natural ecology,which was not only an important cause of loca...In the northwest of Shandong Province during Late Qing Dynasty,the struggle for survival among the villagers became social norm due to the fragility of the natural ecology,which was not only an important cause of local social unrest,but also complicated social relations.The potential anti-government tendencies of folk secret sects made them the targets of Qing government’s crackdown.In order to seek survival and development,the folk secret sects in northwest Shandong turned their eyes to Christian churches for political protect that was North China Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.With the help of secret sects,missionaries of the North China Mission gained a foothold in northwest Shandong.But they were not willing to provide political protect for secret sects.They only used the social ties of secret sects to wedge themselves into the rural society of northwest Shandong,hoping to establish Christian mission stations and develop Christian communities,not to integrate with secret sects.展开更多
文摘In the northwest of Shandong Province during Late Qing Dynasty,the struggle for survival among the villagers became social norm due to the fragility of the natural ecology,which was not only an important cause of local social unrest,but also complicated social relations.The potential anti-government tendencies of folk secret sects made them the targets of Qing government’s crackdown.In order to seek survival and development,the folk secret sects in northwest Shandong turned their eyes to Christian churches for political protect that was North China Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.With the help of secret sects,missionaries of the North China Mission gained a foothold in northwest Shandong.But they were not willing to provide political protect for secret sects.They only used the social ties of secret sects to wedge themselves into the rural society of northwest Shandong,hoping to establish Christian mission stations and develop Christian communities,not to integrate with secret sects.
