Sedimentary characteristics and processes of the Paleogene Dainan Formation in the Gaoyou Depression, North Jiangsu Basin, eastern China

In this paper,the type,vertical evolution,and distribution pattern of sedimentary facies of the Paleogene Dainan Formation in the Gaoyou Depression of the North Jiangsu Basin are studied in detail.Results show that fan delta,delta,nearshore subaqueous fan,and lacustrine facies developed during the Dainan Formation period and their distribution pattern was mainly controlled by tectonics and paleogeography.The fan delta and nearshore subaqueous fan facies predominantly occur in the southern steep slope region where fault-induced subsidence is thought to have created substantial accommodation,whereas the delta facies are distributed on the northern gentle slope which is thought to have experienced less subsidence.Finally,the lacustrine facies is shown to have developed in the center of the depression,as well as on the flanks of the fan delta,delta,and nearshore subaqueous fan facies.Vertically,the Dainan Formation represents an integrated transgressiveregressive cycle,with the E2d1being the transgressive sequence and the E2d2being the regressive sequence.This distribution model of sedimentary facies plays an important role in predicting favorable reservoir belts for the Dainan Formation in the Gaoyou Depression and similar areas.In the Gaoyou Depression,sandstones of the subaqueous distributary channels in the fan delta and the subaqueous branch channels in the delta are characterized by physical properties favorable for reservoir formation.

Preservation of Radiolarian Diversity and Abundance in Surface Sediments of the South China Sea and Its Environmental Implication

Quantitative analysis of radiolarian preservation in surface sediments from different regional environments of the South China Sea （SCS） is discussed in this article for illustrating their relationship. The results show that species diversity and abundance of radiolarian in the surface sediment increase with water depth, indicating no obvious dissolution of radiolarian shell in the deep SCS. Upwelling activity and volcanic eruption are both in favor of radiolarian propagation, and cause the settlement enrichment of radiolarian shell. Whereas, an abnormal reduced radiolarian fauna in deeper slope sediment may result from the remain of turbid flow that brings sediments from shallow area, such as shelf and upper slope. Radiolarian species are mainly composed of tropic-subtropic types, and include some cold or polar species, which indicates that a mistake in paleoceanographic analysis should arise from the monospecific index. However, synthesis radiolarian indexes in sediments may well respond to the ecologic and depositional environments in the SCS.

Grain Size Analysis and Wave Modeling on the Coastal Fringe of Larache （Ras R＇mel Beach）, North West of Morocco

The studied area is located in the northwestern Morocco. It occupies a 2.5 km long of coastline on the Atlantic shore. It is oriented NNE-SSW, clearly exposed to the dominant swells coming from west to northwest. The aim of this study is to determine the capacity of the waves that hit the shore to transport the sediments. To achieve our goal we chose a methodology that combines field sampling and laboratory analysis with digital modeling. In the first phase we sampled sediments from the study area along and across the beach line, dry sieving was used to determine the grain size distribution and the statistics derived from the sand samples were used to determine the critical shield stress （z＇cr, b） also to investigate the spatial variability and influence of transport on grain size characteristics. As for the second phase, we intended to create a wave climate modeling based on nautical chart, using ArcGIS then Matlab that allowed us to obtain the Swan model for the area. The correlation between those results showed the degree of contribution of wave in the distribution of sediments along the shore.