On the Innovation of Marketing Channel Modes of China's Seed Industry

In China,the seed industry has fierce competition. The situation of homogeneous management and homogeneous products is serious. A key problem is simple and outmoded marketing channel of seed. It threatens sustainable development of seed enterprises. At present,the two-level distribution channel of seed industry has problems of similarity,low access threshold,and unfair benefit distribution,and thus urgently needs innovation. The innovation of distribution channel is inevitable requirement for promoting reorganization of China's seed industry and building of new order,is necessary weapon for dealing with trans-national seed industry competition,is essential measure for lifting the overall service level of seed industry,and is also essential means for conforming to stage development of China's agriculture. The innovation of seed marketing channel should consider changes of future agricultural development,deep-level demand of industrial market and services,scitech development level,fair distribution of industrial profit,and differentiated competition. It is recommended that channel innovation should follow the flat principle,have new and unique conception,give full play connection advantage of marginal industry,realize complementary advantages and mutual promotion,strengthen service awareness,combine with agricultural development trend,and seek sci-tech innovation of channel carrier- variety.

Potato Seed Supply, Marketing and Production Constraints in Eritrea

Potato is an important vegetable crop in Eritrea contributing significantly to food security. Despite its importance, however, production and thus supply of the crop in the market are limited. The current study is designed to understand the seed supply system, marketing out lets and major production constraints. The survey was conducted in the two main potato producing Zobas of the country (Zoba Maekel and Zoba Debub). Qualitative and quantitative data was generated using focus group discussion (PRA) and semi structured questionnaire, respectively. A total of 20 villages were visited and 138 farmers were interviewed. The finding revealed that there is no standard seed supply system thus majority (91.3%) of the growers purchase seed from open market with a limited supply from the Ministry of Agriculture. Furthermore, about 63% of the farmers from Zoba Maekel reserve their own seed for the next cycle compared to 53.6% from Zoba Debub. It was noted that the Tsaeda embaba variety grows predominantly in the country owing to its yield and resistance. Majority of the growers rely on tuber colour and shape for variety identification, thus over 76% prefer the round shaped and white coloured variety. The potential marketing outlets include wholesale, retailer and direct to consumers. Majority (78.3%) of the interviewed growers indicated that large portion of their produce is marketed via wholesaler followed by retailers (27.5%). Main production limiting constraints are identified as low input supplies, availability and cost of clean seeds, pest pressure while huge market demand and access to transportation are considered as potentials encouraging grower. It is, therefore, recommended that an immediate action to establish sustainable seed supply system is taken into consideration in line with a regular extension service to provide technical advice to growers.

Market Trend and Development Strategies for Seed Industry in Hubei Province

Crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core industry,which is the foundation to promote the long-term stable development of agriculture and guarantee the national food security. Hubei is a major agricultural province in central China,and the healthy development of Hubei seed industry plays an important supporting role for the stability and prosperity of the national seed industry. Based on analyzing the scale and characteristics of Hubei seed demand,the market value of Hubei commercial seed is evaluated,the problems of Hubei seed industrial development are discussed,and some recommendations are put forward to strengthen development of Hubei seed industry.

Hierarchical Training Mode for Market Demand Oriented Outstanding Seed Industry Talents

This paper analyzed the trend of seed industry development in-depth and studied changes in quantity and quality of demands for seed industry talents. To adapt to " breeding,propagating and selling" integration and internationalized trend of seed industry,it stated that hierarchical training mode is an ideal mode for training outstanding seed industry talents. Finally,it elaborated specific objectives and requirements of the hierarchical training mode,i. e. undergraduate- master- doctor.

Marketing of Transnational Maize Seed Enterprises from the Perspective of Customer Equity

Customer is important equity of an enterprise. Customer equity is the total combined customer lifetime values of all of the company's customers. In the context of invasion of transnational seed companies,how to cope with huge crisis and challenge is a problem to be solved by national companies and government. From the perspective of customer equity driving factors and sub-driving factors,this paper made an empirical study on transnational and national maize seed enterprises using principal component analysis( PCA). Results indicated that the driving factors for customer equity of national and transnational maize seed enterprises are basically similar,while there are large differences in ranking of importance of principal components. Besides,there are great differences in sub-driving factors of customer equity.

中国种业振兴:发展脉络、财政金融支持与破局之路

种业是现代农业的“芯片”,是国家基础性、战略性产业,也是我国积极应对百年变局、加快建设农业强国的重要举措。党的二十大报告和2024年中央一号文件明确指出,要深入实施并加快推进种业振兴行动。本文首先系统梳理了我国种业的发展历程、现状及趋势;其次识别分析了种业振兴的金融需求特点与我国财政金融服务种业发展现状,横向对比了国际上支持种业发展的做法与经验。在此基础上,本文提出种业振兴破局之路:坚持加强顶层设计与“摸着石头过河”相结合,加强财政金融协同配合,增强对种业核心科技的支持;为优势种企做大做强提供多渠道高质量精准金融服务;引导商业银行错位竞争,对不同规模的种企提供科技金融、普惠金融、绿色金融与数字金融服务等方面的差异化服务;加强配套政策支持,建立健全种业市场价值评估与风险分担机制。

A Transaction Cost Analysis on the Acquisition of Rice Seed by Small-Scale Farmers in ECA Region： Generating Empirical Evidence in Tanzania

The present study is an attempt to develop empirical evidence of transaction costs that rice farmers incur in production and other factors that affect farmers＇ demand for seed and estimating the proportion of costs accounted for by transaction costs due to quality seed in the formal and informal sectors, and analyze how these costs affect sourcing decision. An agricultural household model was developed from the study area. To test the model, information was collected in a survey of 387 households. There is now empirical evidence that transaction cost in rice seed acquisition in Tanzanian agriculture is an added cost to the farmer in the process of purchasing seed. Descriptive analysis shows that about 18% of the total seed cost is accounted for transaction cost, which is 2% of the total variable cost in farmers＇ rice farming. Econometric model was fitted to the household data to determine the factors hindering farmers to use purchased quality seed. Factors that were significant in influencing transaction cost include information search, seed source, farmers＇ seed arrangements, trust, and distance from farmers＇ homestead to the seed source, location and age of the farmer. We recommend that, policy amendments inclined towards reduction of the transaction costs can improve the profitability of the rice enterprise by increasing the demand for inputs.

基于消费者行为的购买意愿及影响因素研究——以牡丹籽油为例

文章在消费者行为理论的基础上,结合牡丹籽油的消费特点,从消费者自身内在因素(消费者个体特征、认知及信任度、动机导向)和外在环境因素(产品及市场)两个方面构建消费者购买意愿二元Logit模型,对消费者购买牡丹籽油的影响因素进行实证分析。结果显示:消费者收入水平、对牡丹籽油的价值认知、对营养功效的信任度、尝试新产品的意愿、对象身份地位的重视、对身体健康的重视及宣传等影响因素正向影响牡丹籽油购买意愿;而消费者性别和牡丹籽油价格则负向影响牡丹籽油购买意愿。

北京市昌平区草莓种业发展现状、问题及对策

昌平区作为北京市草莓产业优势主产区,高度重视草莓种业的发展,将草莓种业与产业发展同步推进。本文从种苗市场规模、草莓品种引进及繁育情况、生产苗来源、种业技术创新、相关政策扶持等方面综述了昌平区草莓种业发展现状,针对发展中存在的脱毒苗使用率低、本地苗源占比有待提高、主栽品种特性缺乏统一标准、专业技术人员储备不足等问题,提出了提高脱毒苗使用率、加强种苗繁育技术创新、完善三级育苗技术体系、加大技术型人才引进与储备等对策建议,为促进北方地区草莓种业发展提供思路。

美国种业制度演进分析及政策启示

农业是国民经济的重要支柱,种业是国家战略性、基础性核心产业,对推动农业长期稳定发展,保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。种子管理制度是保障现代种业健康发展的基础,本文在梳理美国种业制度演变历程及现行管理体系的基础上,重点分析了美国种业的三大制度:种子认证制度、品种权保护制度及种子市场准入制度,通过与中国种业制度的对比分析,提出中国应进一步强化种子管理体系建设、加快推动种子认证制度的实施、提高《植物新品种保护条例》的法律位阶,完善种子生产经营许可制度等相关建议。

缅甸种业价值链、市场分析及中缅合作

缅甸是“一带一路”重要节点国家,因其区位特点对中国具有重要战略意义。该国也因政局更迭,开放经济等引发国际关注。种业振兴是带动缅甸农业发展和农村脱贫的关键。本文对缅甸种业价值链上的资源环节、育种环节、市场环节及种业发展进行了综合评估。概况总结了中缅种业合作现状并分析了当下缅甸种业市场机遇和风险。为统筹利用两个市场,加快经济走廊建设,提出中缅应加强在种质资源、育种创新、示范推广、科技人才交流等方面合作。

基于超大规模市场的内需主导型种业价值链构建研究

在全球化分工背景下,种子产业的全球化格局日益表现出寡头垄断与混业经营的价值链竞争模式。中国种子产业目前呈现出超大规模的体量特征、稳步增长的发展趋势和产业集中的组织雏形,初步具备构建内需主导型全球价值链的市场基础。但是,总体来看,仍处于过度竞争和产业集中的起步阶段,表现为龙头企业短缺、市场区域的封闭性以及竞争的非价值链特征,使得在产业价值链的构建和升级过程中驱动动能不足。在新发展格局下,中国种子产业的发展必须充分利用国内超大规模的市场结构,通过并购提高市场集中度,在形成寡头垄断竞争的基础上,构建由内需主导的全球种业价值链。

全球大豆种子市场现状及中国企业发展启示

中国大豆进口依赖度较高,大豆种业发展与国际领先水平相比仍差距较大。加快突破大豆种业发展瓶颈对于缓解中国大豆供求矛盾、保障国家粮食安全意义重大。在调研全球大豆种子市场贸易情况、全球转基因大豆品种差异化现状的基础上,总结了国际领先种子企业在业务整合、研发投入、技术创新、知识产权保护和合作网络建设方面的发展经验。针对中国种子企业的发展情况,提出几步走方针,对第一梯队的重点种业公司和中小企业采用不同的扶持策略,同时建议加大科研投入力度、加强企业市场开拓,全方位增强中国大豆种子企业实力。

国内外种子检验技术比较分析

种子是农业的芯片。种子质量决定了品种的种用特性、推广范围、播种属性及种业市场竞争力。目前我国市售种子品类较多,种子质量参差不齐;国内种子质量指标相较于国际上的指标还有一定的落差,为规范种子生产技术、降低种子加工损伤、标准化种子质量检验规程、提高种子质量,对国内外种子检验方法进行比较,是加强我国种子质量意识的重要举措,也是提升种业竞争力的重要手段。

中国南瓜产业优势及贸易竞争力分析

中国是世界南瓜生产大国,南瓜产量和面积均居世界第一位,尤其是白瓜籽产业极具竞争力。基于联合国粮食及农业组织和中国海关数据,对1961—2021年全球和中国南瓜的生产现状、主产区分布、进出口现状和贸易竞争力指数进行分析,结果表明:全球南瓜种植面积没有大的变化,但1961—2021年总产、单产分别增长了3.57倍、3.54倍,速冻南瓜进出口单价呈现先上升后近几年下降趋势;2021年全球南瓜种植面积、总产量中国最高,单产水平美国最高,速冻南瓜出口量、国际市场占有率墨西哥最高;中国南瓜种植面积、总产量、单产1961—2021年分别增长了8倍、16倍和2倍,单产增幅小于全球值,速冻南瓜、白瓜籽是中国贸易顺差产品,贸易竞争力指数分别为0.3845、0.9994,速冻南瓜出口单价呈现下降趋势,白瓜籽出口单价呈现上升趋势;中国是全球最大的南瓜生产国,速冻南瓜在国际市场的竞争力相对较弱,白瓜籽在国际市场极具竞争力。最后,剖析了中国南瓜产业发展及贸易中存在的问题,展望了中国南瓜产业发展前景,并提出了提高中国南瓜贸易竞争力的对策建议。

浅谈土地流转对玉米种子中间商营销环境的影响分析

长期以来,玉米种子中间商一直是玉米种子销售的中坚力量。但是随着土地流转不断深入,种粮大户群体日益壮大,在很大程度上颠覆了传统销售模式,愈来愈多的种粮大户正逐渐抛开中间商,直接与上游种子公司交易,玉米种子中间商在销售环节中占比逐年下降,现有土地承包方式和玉米种销售模式将要迎来一场重大变革。在此背景下,本文拟运用相关营销理论对玉米种子中间商的营销环境现状进行分析研判,探索营销环境变化的新形势,以期提高该群体对营销环境的认识,促进其进行经营战略调整。

马铃薯种薯繁育供应全程机械化的实践与思考

农业机械化是农业农村现代化的基本组成部分。缘于特殊的气候和立地条件,甘肃省渭源县适宜马铃薯种薯繁育但农机具普及程度低。为加快推进农业机械在马铃薯种薯繁育供应全程应用进程,甘肃省渭源县引进和推广新型农机装备,在马铃薯种薯繁育供应核心区域开展了马铃薯种薯繁育供应机械化的探索与实践。通过实践探索、成效调查、趋势了解、问题分析,提出通过耕地的宜机性建设、农艺的区域化布局、推广宜地性农机具三项措施,同步推进马铃薯种薯农机农艺融合,进而实现马铃薯产销全程机械化。

中国种业贸易的市场需求、自然壁垒和产权保护——基于空间溢出效应视角

为明确中国种业出口贸易的影响因素,基于2001—2020年中国与79个经济体之间的种子贸易数据,构建以市场需求、自然壁垒和知识产权保护为三大核心维度的指标体系,运用空间杜宾模型进行计量分析。结果表明:在市场需求维度下,主粮种子的空间溢出效应显著高于油料种子和蔬菜种子;进口国同中国签署的自由贸易协议直接拉动了种子的进口需求;在自然壁垒维度下,气温和降水限制了中国种子贸易的出口地理范围;知识产权维度下,进口国签署UPOV公约和TRIPS协议对三类种子的出口产生显著差异性影响。据此,提出不断夯实中国主粮种子的出口优势地位,扩大主粮种子对中低收入发展中国家的出口援助;特别关注非洲地区油料作物的引导性种植,以充分利用其自然优势助力当地油料作物种植产业发展,促进中国油料种子的出口;借助中国蔬菜种质资源优势进行品种改良,丰富中国蔬菜种子的多样性,引导出口目的地国家蔬菜需求的增加和消费偏好的形成;加大对种子的知识产权保护与国际合作,促进种子贸易公平交易。

基于我国种业市场现状探析种子营销课程建设

改革开放以来,我国制定和出台了一系列支持种子行业改革发展的政策,为种业发展创造了良好的环境。2000年《种子法》的颁布,使我国种子行业逐步走上了产业化和市场化,种子企业如雨后春笋般破土而出,种子市场进入自由竞争时代。种子营销是种业公司为使种子从生产基地到农户手里而进行的经济活动,包括品种开发,市场研究,种子生产、定价、分销、促销和售后服务等营销战略和策略。本文重点介绍了当前我国种业市场现状和规模,提出了种子市场存在的营销问题和解决方法,在此基础上探究优秀的种业营销人才的培养策略,对促进我国种业市场健康快速发展具有重要意义。

从棉花种子市场和农户市场参与行为看我国种子行业的商业化改革

本文根据实地调查数据,从种子市场和农户市场参与行为的角度分析了种子行业商业化改革的效果及改革过程中出现的新问题,探讨了种子市场特征等因素对农户市场参与的影响。研究结果发现,随着商业化改革的逐步深化,大量以小规模私人经营为主的种子经销商在最近几年便遍布县乡村,打破了地方市场的垄断,提高了种子的可获得性和品种的自由挑选度。但市场竞争缺乏规范和透明度,市场监管成本过高,造成了市场上同品种之间价格差异巨大,不良品种大量翻新,提高了市场的不确定性和风险。大部分农户缺乏充分信息挑选自己满意的品种,部分农户倾向于选择自留种等次优策略来回避市场风险,从而对及时采用最优品种造成了负面影响,同时限制了种子市场的总销售量和行业的扩张,使得改革难以达到促进技术推广利用和种子产业发展的双赢目的。