Soybean seed storage protein is one of the most important plant vegetable proteins, and β subunit is of great significance to enhance soybean protein quality and processing property. F2 segregated population and resi...Soybean seed storage protein is one of the most important plant vegetable proteins, and β subunit is of great significance to enhance soybean protein quality and processing property. F2 segregated population and residual heterozygous lines（RHL） derived from the cross between Yangyandou（low level of β subunit） and Zhonghuang 13（normal level of β subunit） were used for mapping of β subunit content. Our results showed that β subunit content was controlled by a single dominant locus, qBSC-1（β subunit content）, which was mapped to a region of 11.9 cM on chromosome 20 in F2 population of 85 individuals. This region was narrowed down to 2.5 cM between BARCSOYSSR_20_0997 and BARCSOYSSR_20_0910 in RHL with a larger population size of 246 individuals. There were 48 predicted genes within qBSC-1 region based on the reference genome（Glyma 1.0, Williams 82）, including the two copies of β subunit coding gene CG4. An InDel marker developed from a thymine（TT） insertion in one copy of CG4 promoter region in Yangyandou cosegregrated with BARCSOYSSR_20_0975 within qBSC-1 region, suggesting that this InDel marker maybe useful for marker-assisted selection（MAS）.展开更多
The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers. The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological （grain length,...The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers. The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological （grain length, grain width and grain weight） and biochemical characters （sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE）. Based on the presence of 70, 65, 60, 57, 37-39, 22-23, 13 and 10 kDa protein bands in the 48 rice varieties, seven types of profiles were identified. An unweighted pair group average method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） dendrogram based on cluster analysis of genetic similarity of the protein bands showed two distinct groups with 1%-78% similarity coefficients. The presence of characteristic bands in selected varieties is a useful parameter for identification of rice germplasm.展开更多
Veronica erciyasdagi （M. A. Fischer） C. Vural comb. ＆ stat. nov., previously regarded as a variety, is proposed as a new combination, based on the morphological characters and seed storage protein polymorphism pres...Veronica erciyasdagi （M. A. Fischer） C. Vural comb. ＆ stat. nov., previously regarded as a variety, is proposed as a new combination, based on the morphological characters and seed storage protein polymorphism presented in this study. In addition, information about the ecology and conservation status of Veronica erciyasdagi was reported. This taxon is endemic to central Anatolia, Turkey and is critically endangered.展开更多
Wheat seed storage protein is of great importance for human food. To increase the contents of storage proteins effectively, nitrogen fertilizer at flowering stages is commonly applied. In our previous study, rice phos...Wheat seed storage protein is of great importance for human food. To increase the contents of storage proteins effectively, nitrogen fertilizer at flowering stages is commonly applied. In our previous study, rice phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity in developing seeds was observed in response to nitrogen application at a flowering stage and was positively correlated to the response of the protein content in seeds of six cultivars. This observation might indicate that the seeds have a biological system for accepting nitrogen in seeds by using PEPCase. To test whether this physiological event occurs in wheat, we examined the PEPCase activity and protein content in field-grown wheat seeds under different nitrogen supply conditions. With only basal dressing, seeds showed lower PEPCase activity and protein content (both 0.90-fold) compared to seeds without basal fertilizer. With ammonium sulfate application at 8.3 and 25 g/m2 at a flowering stage, seeds showed higher PEPCase activity (1.08- and 1.17-fold, respectively) and protein content (1.15- and 1.42-fold, respectively), depending on the nitrogen level. We investigated the relationship between PEPCase activity and protein content in the seeds among four conditions. The effect of the nitrogen supply on PEPCase activity during grain-filling stages was validated by the results of a hydroponic culture experiment. Together the results demonstrate that our hypothesis seems to apply to field-grown wheat.展开更多
Achieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health.However,there is usually disharmony between yield and quality.Seed storage protein(SSP)and starch,the predominant componen...Achieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health.However,there is usually disharmony between yield and quality.Seed storage protein(SSP)and starch,the predominant components in cereal grains,determine yield and quality,and their coupled synthesis causes a yield–quality trade-off.Therefore,dissection of the underlying regulatory mechanism facilitates simultaneous improvement of yield and quality.Here,we summarize current findings about the synergistic molecular machinery underpinning SSP and starch synthesis in the leading staple cereal crops,including maize,rice and wheat.We further evaluate the functional conservation and differentiation of key regulators and specify feasible research approaches to identify additional regulators and expand insights.We also present major strategies to leverage resultant information for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality by molecular breeding.Finally,future perspectives on major challenges are proposed.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is the most important food crop for at least half of the world’s population.Due to improved living standards,the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a m...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is the most important food crop for at least half of the world’s population.Due to improved living standards,the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a major goal.Rice quality is determined by the presence of many nutritional components,including seed storage proteins(SSPs),which are the second most abundant nutrient components of rice grains after starch.Rice SSP biosynthesis requires the participation of multiple organelles and is influenced by the external environment,making it challenging to understand the molecular details of SSP biosynthesis and improve rice protein quality.In this review,we highlight the current knowledge of rice SSP biosynthesis,including a detailed description of the key molecules involved in rice SSP biosynthetic processes and the major environmental factors affecting SSP biosynthesis.The effects of these factors on SSP accumulation and their contribution to rice quality are also discussed based on recent findings.This recent knowledge suggests not only new research directions for exploring rice SSP biosynthesis but also innovative strategies for breeding high-quality rice varieties.展开更多
The occurrence of twin-arginine motifs （-R-R-） in the amino acid sequences of animal pro-proteins frequently defines the cleavage site（s） for their structural/functional maturation. No information is available on ...The occurrence of twin-arginine motifs （-R-R-） in the amino acid sequences of animal pro-proteins frequently defines the cleavage site（s） for their structural/functional maturation. No information is available on the presence and possible biological meaning of these motifs in the seed storage proteins. In this work, a novel endopeptidase activity with cleavage specificity to twin-arginine pairs has been detected in mature dry Lupinus albus seeds. The endopeptidase was tested with a number of endogenous and exogenous protein substrates, which were selected according to the pres- ence of one or more twin-arginine residue motifs in their amino acid sequences. The observed hydrolysis patterns were limited and highly specific. Partial proteolysis led to stable polypeptide fragments that were characterized by 1- and 2-D electrophoresis. Selected polypeptides were submitted to N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry anal- yses, These approaches, supported by bioinformatic analysis of the available sequences, allowed the conclusion that the polypeptide cleavage events had occurred at the peptide bonds comprised between twin-arginine residue pairs with all tested protein substrates. The endopeptidase activity was inhibited by 4-（2-AminoEthyl）Benzene-Sulphonyl Fluoride hy- drochloride （AEBSF）, leupeptin, and serine proteinase protein inhibitors, while it was not affected by pepstatin, trans- EpoxysuccinyI-L-leucylamido（4-guanidino）butane （E64）, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA）, thus qualifying the Arg-Arg cleaving enzyme as a serine endopeptidase. The structural features of storage proteins from lupin and other legume seeds strongly support the hypothesis that the occurrence of an endopeptidase activity cleaving -R-R- bonds may be functional to facilitate their degradation at germination and possibly generate polypeptide fragments with specific biological activity.展开更多
基金funded by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2012AA101106)the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB118404)+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2011BAD35B06)the National Transgenic Major Program,China(2008ZX08009-003)
文摘Soybean seed storage protein is one of the most important plant vegetable proteins, and β subunit is of great significance to enhance soybean protein quality and processing property. F2 segregated population and residual heterozygous lines（RHL） derived from the cross between Yangyandou（low level of β subunit） and Zhonghuang 13（normal level of β subunit） were used for mapping of β subunit content. Our results showed that β subunit content was controlled by a single dominant locus, qBSC-1（β subunit content）, which was mapped to a region of 11.9 cM on chromosome 20 in F2 population of 85 individuals. This region was narrowed down to 2.5 cM between BARCSOYSSR_20_0997 and BARCSOYSSR_20_0910 in RHL with a larger population size of 246 individuals. There were 48 predicted genes within qBSC-1 region based on the reference genome（Glyma 1.0, Williams 82）, including the two copies of β subunit coding gene CG4. An InDel marker developed from a thymine（TT） insertion in one copy of CG4 promoter region in Yangyandou cosegregrated with BARCSOYSSR_20_0975 within qBSC-1 region, suggesting that this InDel marker maybe useful for marker-assisted selection（MAS）.
文摘The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers. The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological （grain length, grain width and grain weight） and biochemical characters （sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE）. Based on the presence of 70, 65, 60, 57, 37-39, 22-23, 13 and 10 kDa protein bands in the 48 rice varieties, seven types of profiles were identified. An unweighted pair group average method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） dendrogram based on cluster analysis of genetic similarity of the protein bands showed two distinct groups with 1%-78% similarity coefficients. The presence of characteristic bands in selected varieties is a useful parameter for identification of rice germplasm.
基金The present study is part of the project "EUBAP-FBT.04.46" supported by Erciyes University Research Fund
文摘Veronica erciyasdagi （M. A. Fischer） C. Vural comb. ＆ stat. nov., previously regarded as a variety, is proposed as a new combination, based on the morphological characters and seed storage protein polymorphism presented in this study. In addition, information about the ecology and conservation status of Veronica erciyasdagi was reported. This taxon is endemic to central Anatolia, Turkey and is critically endangered.
文摘Wheat seed storage protein is of great importance for human food. To increase the contents of storage proteins effectively, nitrogen fertilizer at flowering stages is commonly applied. In our previous study, rice phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity in developing seeds was observed in response to nitrogen application at a flowering stage and was positively correlated to the response of the protein content in seeds of six cultivars. This observation might indicate that the seeds have a biological system for accepting nitrogen in seeds by using PEPCase. To test whether this physiological event occurs in wheat, we examined the PEPCase activity and protein content in field-grown wheat seeds under different nitrogen supply conditions. With only basal dressing, seeds showed lower PEPCase activity and protein content (both 0.90-fold) compared to seeds without basal fertilizer. With ammonium sulfate application at 8.3 and 25 g/m2 at a flowering stage, seeds showed higher PEPCase activity (1.08- and 1.17-fold, respectively) and protein content (1.15- and 1.42-fold, respectively), depending on the nitrogen level. We investigated the relationship between PEPCase activity and protein content in the seeds among four conditions. The effect of the nitrogen supply on PEPCase activity during grain-filling stages was validated by the results of a hydroponic culture experiment. Together the results demonstrate that our hypothesis seems to apply to field-grown wheat.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32272182)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1002904,2022YFD1201500)+1 种基金STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406903)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)。
文摘Achieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health.However,there is usually disharmony between yield and quality.Seed storage protein(SSP)and starch,the predominant components in cereal grains,determine yield and quality,and their coupled synthesis causes a yield–quality trade-off.Therefore,dissection of the underlying regulatory mechanism facilitates simultaneous improvement of yield and quality.Here,we summarize current findings about the synergistic molecular machinery underpinning SSP and starch synthesis in the leading staple cereal crops,including maize,rice and wheat.We further evaluate the functional conservation and differentiation of key regulators and specify feasible research approaches to identify additional regulators and expand insights.We also present major strategies to leverage resultant information for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality by molecular breeding.Finally,future perspectives on major challenges are proposed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31871396,32000208,32070769)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2020WK2014)+2 种基金the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2014039)the Scientific Innovation Fund for Post-graduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology(CX202101026)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20210844)。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is the most important food crop for at least half of the world’s population.Due to improved living standards,the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a major goal.Rice quality is determined by the presence of many nutritional components,including seed storage proteins(SSPs),which are the second most abundant nutrient components of rice grains after starch.Rice SSP biosynthesis requires the participation of multiple organelles and is influenced by the external environment,making it challenging to understand the molecular details of SSP biosynthesis and improve rice protein quality.In this review,we highlight the current knowledge of rice SSP biosynthesis,including a detailed description of the key molecules involved in rice SSP biosynthetic processes and the major environmental factors affecting SSP biosynthesis.The effects of these factors on SSP accumulation and their contribution to rice quality are also discussed based on recent findings.This recent knowledge suggests not only new research directions for exploring rice SSP biosynthesis but also innovative strategies for breeding high-quality rice varieties.
文摘The occurrence of twin-arginine motifs （-R-R-） in the amino acid sequences of animal pro-proteins frequently defines the cleavage site（s） for their structural/functional maturation. No information is available on the presence and possible biological meaning of these motifs in the seed storage proteins. In this work, a novel endopeptidase activity with cleavage specificity to twin-arginine pairs has been detected in mature dry Lupinus albus seeds. The endopeptidase was tested with a number of endogenous and exogenous protein substrates, which were selected according to the pres- ence of one or more twin-arginine residue motifs in their amino acid sequences. The observed hydrolysis patterns were limited and highly specific. Partial proteolysis led to stable polypeptide fragments that were characterized by 1- and 2-D electrophoresis. Selected polypeptides were submitted to N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry anal- yses, These approaches, supported by bioinformatic analysis of the available sequences, allowed the conclusion that the polypeptide cleavage events had occurred at the peptide bonds comprised between twin-arginine residue pairs with all tested protein substrates. The endopeptidase activity was inhibited by 4-（2-AminoEthyl）Benzene-Sulphonyl Fluoride hy- drochloride （AEBSF）, leupeptin, and serine proteinase protein inhibitors, while it was not affected by pepstatin, trans- EpoxysuccinyI-L-leucylamido（4-guanidino）butane （E64）, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA）, thus qualifying the Arg-Arg cleaving enzyme as a serine endopeptidase. The structural features of storage proteins from lupin and other legume seeds strongly support the hypothesis that the occurrence of an endopeptidase activity cleaving -R-R- bonds may be functional to facilitate their degradation at germination and possibly generate polypeptide fragments with specific biological activity.
