Effects of Biostimulant NEAU10 on Growth of Rice Seedlings and Soil Physicochemical Parameters

The process of rice(Oryza sativa L.)seedling cultivation is often subjected to adverse environmental stress.Biostimulants regulate the robust growth of rice seedlings and play a crucial role in promoting the green and ecological development of agriculture.In this study,1.0 and 2.0 g•m^(-2) of the biostimulant were applied to soil in rice seedbeds.Growth indicators of rice,antioxidant enzyme activities and soil physicochemical characteristics were assessed at the 2.5-leaf and 4-leaf stages of rice.The results indicated that applying 2.0 g•m^(-2) of the biostimulant at both the 2.5-leaf and 4-leaf stages had the most significant promoting effect on rice growth.At the 2.5-leaf and 4-leaf stages,the number of fibrous roots increased by 23.43%and 22.25%,stem base width increased by 19.05%and 19.58%,above ground dry weight increased by 18.09%and 16.47%,root dry weight increased by 19.67%and 18.28%,leaf peroxidase(POD)activity increased by 34.44%and 42.94%,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity increased by 37.24%and 56.79%,malondialdehyde(MDA)content decreased by 18.60%and 27.67%,and chlorophyll content increased significantly by 28.31%and 34.24%,respectively.At the 4-leaf stage of rice,urease,phosphatase and cellulase activities in the seedbed soil increased by 42.13%,25.96%and 33.59%,respectively,while soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content decreased by 19.76%,19.02%and 17.88%,respectively.The application of biostimulants played a crucial role in promoting the growth of rice seedlings and enhancing soil nutrient absorption.

Effect of Inoculation with Three Phytohormone Producers Phytobacteria with ACC Deaminase Activity on Root Length of Lens esculenta Seedlings

Plant-associated bacteria that inhabit the rhizosphere may influence the plant growth by their contribution to the endogenous pool of phytohormones and by the activity of ACC deaminase to decrease the ethylene concentration. The aim of this study was to analyse the root length growth by the promoting effect of indole acetic acid producers phytobacteria with ACC deaminase activity, on inoculated seeds of Lens esculenta as synergistic effect on root elongation. In this study, although the roots of L. esculenta seedlings do not show a significant promotion, these phytobacteria could be recommended to treat plants analyzing their added inoculum to increase plant biomass and retard the effect of ethylene on cultures supplied with Tryptophan and ACC.

Morpho-Physiological Changes in Roots of Rice Seedling upon Submergence

Submergence is a serious environmental condition that causes large loss in rice production in rain fed lowland and flood affected area. This study evaluated morphological and physiological responses of rice roots to submergence using two tolerant rice genotypes FR13A and Swarna-Sub 1 and two sensitive ones Swarna and IR42. The tolerant genotypes had higher survival rate and less shoot elongation but greater root elongation during submergence than the sensitive ones. After submergence,the tolerant genotypes also had higher root dry weight and more active roots than the sensitive ones.Tolerant genotypes exhibited less root injury, with less malondialdehyde production and slower electrolyte leakage after submergence. Tolerant genotypes also maintained higher concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in roots and shoots and higher chlorophyll retention after submergence than the sensitive ones.Our data showed that root traits such as root activity and root growth are associated with survival rate after submergence. This is probably accomplished through higher energy supply, and membrane integrity is necessary to preserve root function and reduce injury during submergence. These root traits are important for submergence tolerance in rice.

Physiological Mechanism of Nitrogen Mediating Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>L.) Seedlings Growth under Water-Stress Conditions

The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of nitrogen on tolerance to water-stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. Growth chamber studies with pots of washed sand were carried out in Fayetteville, USA, and Nanjing, Chinawith three water conditions (well-watered, drought-stressed, and waterlogging), and three nitrogen rates, low nitrogen (16 mM, approximately 224 mg N·l–1 water), medium nitrogen (24 mM, approximately 448 mg N·l–1 water) and high nitrogen (32 mM, approximately 672 mg N·l–1 water), respectively. The results showed that water-stress treatments reduced plant biomass, C/N ratio, root vigor and leaf photosynthesis (Pn). The plant response to water-stress resistance was affected by nitrogen, and was correlated with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The changes of anti-oxidant enzymes was the highest in the low nitrogen rate in the drought-stressed and waterlogged cotton seedlings. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in the water-stress treatments, and was the lowest in the low nitrogen rate. There was a significant reduction of N accumulation under water stress. Low-nitrogen treatmentincreased C accumulation, while high-nitrogen treatment decreased N accumulation. Root vigor was decreased by water stress, and was highest in the low-nitrogen rate. After terminating the water stress, N application promoted root vigor, especially in waterlogged seedlings. The trends of Pn weresimilarto that of root vigor. These results suggested that low N application may contribute to cotton drought tolerance by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and conse-quently decreasing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing root vigor. However, higher N should be applied to waterlog- ging-stressed cotton seedlings after terminating waterlogging.

Effect of cold plasma treatment on seedling growth and nutrient absorption of tomato

The effects of cold plasma(CP) treatment on seed germination, seedling growth, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of a tomato were investigated. The results showed that 80 W of CP treatment significantly increased tomato nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) absorption by12.7% and 19.1%, respectively. CP treatment significantly improved the germination potential of tomato seed by 11.1% and the germination rate by 13.8%. Seedling growth characteristics,including total dry weight, root dry weight, root shoot rate, and leaf area, significantly increased after 80 W of CP treatment. Root activity was increased by 15.7% with 80 W of CP treatment,and 12.6% with 100 W of CP treatment. CP treatment(80 W) markedly ameliorated tomato root morphology, and root length, surface area, and volume, which increased 21.3%, 23.6%, and29.0%, respectively. Our results suggested that CP treatment improved tomato N and P absorption by promoting the accumulation of shoot and root biomass, increasing the leaf area and root activity, and improving the length, surface area, and volume of root growth. Thus, CP treatment could be used in an ameliorative way to improve tomato nutrient absorption.

The inhibitory effect of lead on the seedling growth and the induced formation of oxidase isozymes in higher plant

The inhibitory effect of lead on the seed germination and seedling growth was obvi-ously seen in barley,sorghum and wheat.Their differential reactions on the lead solution werefound under the lead stress during the seed germination and seedling growth stages.Wheat ismore sensitive to lead than the other three plants.This can be used to select new crops which canresist lead damage.The changes of the peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isozymes have beenfound in individual plants which was injured by a lead solution at the seedling and root develop-ment stages.The authors suggest that these isozymes,which have been changed in patterns andnumbers,may be adaptive isozymes.Adaptive isozymes are produced in plant tissue when plantsare in harmful environmental conditions.The change in environmental conditions influences theexpression of the gene which encode peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase isozymes,and promote forma-tion of the adaptive isozymes.

Acid Soil Is Associated with Reduced Yield, Root Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Black Pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i>L.)

Low pH is a major limiting factor for the production of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Hainan province. Black pepper gardens often exhibit a decrease in soil pH (to 5.5 - 5.0) on orchards with a multi-year production history. An exploratory hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine the effects of increasingly acid nutrient solution pH (7.0, 5.5, 4.0, and 3.5) on seedling growth, tissue nutrient concentrations and root morphological traits. The results indicated that low pH may directly inhibit root development and function, limit K, Ca and Mg absorption and reduce seedling growth. At pH 5.5, black pepper attained maximum growth, while the minimum growth occurred at pH 3.5. It can be concluded that low pH reduces plant growth and is associated with low root nutrient concentrations of Ca and Mg, which may explain the decline of the yield in the seven pepper gardens of the Institute.

Seeds as a Source of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus for Seedling Establishment in Temperate Regions: A Synthesis

Seeds are a source of organic (carbon, C) and mineral (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) nutrients for the growing seedling. There is much information on seed mass and N and P contents, and the relationship between these and seedling mass. Within the world’s temperate regions, these collectively show that N and P concentrations remain constant or rise with increase in seed mass and that seeds are larger and more nutrient-enriched in poorer soils. Seed N and P were more important than seed C in accounting for seedling mass in 85% of studies we assessed. In nutrient- and water-limited environments that are not light-limited, large seeds routinely provision the seedling with N and P that enhance C-fixation and thus general growth in the first wet season. This system is so efficient that growth response to soil nutrients may be negligible in first-year seedlings arising from seeds > 15 mg mass, N content > 5 mg and P content > 1.6 mg. The elongating taproot system absorbs nutrients and maintains water uptake as soil water retreats, enhancing the chances of survival in the first dry season. We outline an interpretative scenario for the special role of large seeds (>15 mg) in nutrient- and water-limited environments that recognizes the critical role of N and P for photosynthesis in ensuring sufficient C-supply to the rapidly descending roots for effective drought-avoidance by the young plant.

An environmental gradient change of Picea mongolica seedling from the center of a forest canopy gap in forest-steppe ecotone in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China

在有为超过 30 年的一个时期的森林华盖差距的沙的森林里，云杉(Picea 蒙古人集成通信适配器) 幼苗从大差距的中心在二 5-m-wide 横断上被监视进包围森林。他们到过越多远远中心，越多 taller 种了幼苗；更多是幼苗的数字。在华盖下面有许多幼苗，但是在他们长大以前，几乎所有幼苗死了。沿着森林边，幼苗的生长被光的侧面的穿入暂时从差距提高。为自然森林新生动力学的含意被讨论。我们的结果在 P 证明那。蒙古人集成通信适配器森林差距骚乱为种类的新生创造不一致的环境，；决定森林是一个非平的年老的森林。

小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗生长及土壤生物学环境的影响

为解决苦瓜生产上遇到的连作障碍问题,利用具有化感促进作用的小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗进行处理,以未经处理的为对照,分析苦瓜幼苗生长及其根际土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的变化。结果表明,3个苦瓜材料经小麦根系分泌物处理后的株高、茎粗、根长、生物量均较对照有所增加,处理组与对照组之间差异达到显著或极显著水平,株高和茎粗均随着生长天数的推迟呈增加趋势。在第5、10、15天时,处理组株高较对照组分别增加7.32%、14.67%、19.98%,茎粗较对照组分别增加7.98%、8.24%、10.89%;处理组根长、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重较对照分别增加16.29%、18.08%、31.70%、33.74%、27.21%;处理组苦瓜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶、转移酶及过氧化氢酶活性分别提高84.88%、35.68%、443.73%、54.39%,并且差异达到显著或极显著水平。经小麦根系分泌物处理后,提高了苦瓜根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量和丰富度,降低了真菌数量及丰富度,主要降低了有致病潜力的镰刀菌属的相对丰度。综上所述,小麦根系分泌物可以提高土壤中酶活性,改善土壤生物学环境,促进苦瓜植株的生长,从而改变苦瓜连作产生的不良生态影响。

亚精胺+赤霉素在低温下对化橘红种子萌发及幼苗生理指标的影响

以化橘红种子为材料,在低温下,研究亚精胺(Spd)+赤霉素(GA3)对化橘红种子萌发、幼苗根系的生长、根活力及生理指标的影响,以培育壮苗。设置亚精胺浓度为0(CK)、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 mmol/L,分别添加80 mg/L的GA3溶液浸种、培养,测定种子发芽率、发芽势,幼苗根长、苗长、根重、苗重、根长/苗长、根重/苗重、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质及膜质过氧化物含量的变化。结果表明:在低温条件下,亚精胺+赤霉素对化橘红种子的萌发有协同促进作用,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数明显提高;单一使用赤霉素时,幼苗根的生长受到抑制,添加亚精胺后能明显缓解,缓解程度与Spd的浓度呈正相关。0.20 mmol/L亚精胺+80 mg/L赤霉素处理的根长、根重、根长/苗长、根重/苗重和根活力最高,其幼苗根系的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性显著增强,渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的含量有所提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。亚精胺+赤霉素复配能促进化橘红种子萌发、根系的生长和根活力的提高;能缓解低温对化橘红幼苗根的损害,提高种苗的抗寒性。

外源赤霉素和褪黑素对三种胁迫下白三叶种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理的影响

为探究外源赤霉素(GA)和褪黑素(MT)对盐、碱和干旱胁迫下白三叶(Trifolium repens)种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶的影响,本试验以白三叶‘瑞文德’为试验材料,设置不同浓度(5,10,20,50 mg·L^(-1))GA和(1,2,5,12 mg·L^(-1))MT的处理,测定了3种胁迫下种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理指标。GA和MT可有效缓解盐、碱和干旱胁迫对白三叶种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用,且随着外源物质浓度的升高,各指标呈先升后降的趋势。其中,20 mg·L^(-1)GA显著促进了盐胁迫下白三叶的种子萌发;5 mg·L^(-1)MT显著增加了干旱胁迫下白三叶的胚根长和鲜重;20 mg·L^(-1)GA显著提高了碱胁迫下白三叶的SOD、POD和CAT活性。通过隶属函数分析得出20 mg·L^(-1)GA浸种缓解盐和碱胁迫效果最佳,5 mg·L^(-1)MT浸种缓解干旱胁迫效果最佳。因此,在盐、碱和干旱胁迫条件下,使用20 mg·L^(-1)GA或5 mg·L^(-1)MT浸种能够显著促进白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长。

不同浓度矮壮素、萘乙酸和烯效唑对大葱苗期生长的影响

为探究不同植物生长调节剂对大葱苗期徒长的控制效果,研究了矮壮素、萘乙酸和烯效唑3种植物生长调节剂对大葱苗期生长的影响。结果表明,喷施3种植物生长调节剂均能显著增加大葱幼苗的根系数量、茎粗、壮苗指数和根冠比;矮壮素和烯效唑处理显著降低株高,萘乙酸处理则增加株高;矮壮素和萘乙酸处理的叶绿素含量增加,干质量增加,而喷施不同浓度烯效唑的叶片和假茎干质量在处理后35 d时分别较对照降低7.56%~31.59%和27.95%~47.33%。综合考虑大葱幼苗的形态指标和干物质分配比例,500 mg·L^(-1)烯效唑处理对大葱幼苗控制徒长的效果最好,壮苗指数和根冠比分别较对照提高111.00%和91.30%。

吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸和吲哚丁酸对蔓越莓组培苗扦插生根的影响

蔓越莓(Oxycoccos)耐寒性较强,其果实具有很高的保健价值和经济价值。以蔓越莓组培苗作为插穗,探究吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)、萘乙酸(1-naphthlcetic acid,NAA)和吲哚丁酸(3-Indolebutyric acid,IBA)不同质量浓度处理下蔓越莓插穗的浸泡和速沾试验,同时探究不同激素种类和质量浓度对生根率、苗高增长量、生物量和根系生长特点(包括最长根长、根表面积、根平均直径和平均根数)的影响。结果表明,当NAA浸泡处理为100、200 mg/L时根系生长状态较好,但是最长根长仅为(30.77±0.18) cm(NAA 100 mg/L)、根平均直径为(0.3±0.02) mm。而IBA质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时速沾处理的插穗最长根长为(30.13±3.22) cm、根平均直径为(0.39±0.04) mm、根表面积为(1.27±0.01) cm^(2)、平均根数为(128.22±2.38)条。由此来看,浸泡处理和速沾处理最优处理根系生长状况相差不大,但是综合来看当IBA质量浓度为1 000 mg/L,速沾时生根率最高,为85%。因此速沾的方法更适合蔓越莓组培苗的扦插生根。该研究初次建立蔓越莓组培苗扦插繁殖技术,为蔓越莓规模化繁育奠定基础。

耕翻深度对阴山北麓地区马铃薯根系生长及土壤酶活性的影响

为探究耕翻深度对阴山北麓地区马铃薯根系生长及土壤酶活性的影响,分析了4个耕翻深度20 cm(D_(20),CK)、30 cm(D_(30))、40 cm(D_(40))、50 cm(D_(50))对马铃薯根干物质积累量、根系活力以及土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性的影响。结果表明:较D_(20)和D_(30)处理,深翻D_(40)和D_(50)处理可显著提高根系活力,促进淀粉积累期马铃薯根系干物质积累,分别提高了75.2%~292.1%和23.4%~30.2%。通过土壤酶活性分析,深翻(D_(30)、D_(40)、D_(50)处理)对马铃薯田中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性影响不明显,但对碱性磷酸酶与脲酶活性影响较大。深翻可提高马铃薯全生育期0~20 cm土层及苗期20~60 cm土层中碱性磷酸酶活性,其中在块茎膨大期至淀粉积累期0~20 cm土层与苗期40~60 cm土层中D_(40)和D_(50)处理影响显著。深翻D_(30)、D_(40)、D_(50)处理分别显著提高了0~20 cm土层中整个生育期、块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期、淀粉积累期的脲酶活性;同时还提高了20~60 cm土层中脲酶活性,其中D_(40)和D_(50)处理显著提高了33.8%~80.0%。综上所述,深翻30 cm仍旧是马铃薯根系生长的胁迫深度,深翻40 cm对促进马铃薯根系生长、提高马铃薯田土壤碱性磷酸酶与脲酶活性效果最佳。

镁营养对大豆苗期生长及根系形态构型的影响

【目的】镁是植物生长必需的矿质营养元素,研究大豆在不同镁浓度下的苗期生长情况及根系三维构型的动态变化。【方法】以磷高效大豆品种‘粤春03-3’为研究对象,营养液培养,设置镁浓度为0、262.5、525.0、787.5和1050.0μmol/L,分析苗期大豆的生长发育状况。在此基础上,利用根系三维定量系统对正常镁处理(525.0μmol/L,对照)及缺镁处理(0μmol/L)的大豆根系三维构型进行动态定量化分析。【结果】与525.0μmol/L对照相比,0μmol/L缺镁处理大豆的地上部干质量、根冠比、老叶SPAD、总根长和根系总表面积分别减少89.04%、48.67%、51.42%、93.36%和94.31%。而其他3个镁浓度条件下,大豆生长与对照差异较小。根系三维构型研究发现,与对照相比,随着处理时间的延长,缺镁处理显著降低大豆根系的总根长、总根表面积、根重心、根尖数、凸包体积、最大根宽、最小根宽、最大根深、最大根宽/最大根深,对根系充实度、分根繁茂度和根体积分布的影响较小。【结论】本研究明确了大豆对外界镁有效性的适应范围较广,借助优化的根系三维重建技术,阐明缺镁显著降低大豆根系的总根长、根尖数、根重心、最大根宽等,但对根系充实度、分根繁茂度、根体积分布动态变化规律的影响较小。研究结果对大豆镁肥的合理施用和镁营养诊断有一定的指导意义。

局部供氮对干旱胁迫下玉米苗期生长发育和水氮利用的影响

【目的】春旱频繁和过度施氮不利于春玉米苗期生长发育,并对后期生长和产量造成负面影响。研究干旱胁迫下局部供氮对玉米苗期生长、根系形态和水氮利用的影响,以期为促进玉米苗期根系发育、实现水氮高效利用和高产稳产提供技术依据。【方法】2021和2022年设置玉米水、氮两因素分根盆栽试验,设计5种供氮方式:不施氮(两侧均不施氮,N0/N0)、均匀低氮(两侧均低氮,LN/LN)、局部低氮(A侧低氮而B侧不施氮,LN/N0)、均匀高氮(两侧均高氮,HN/HN)和局部高氮(A侧高氮而B侧不施氮,HN/N0),供氮一侧LN和HN的施氮量分别为每kg干土中施氮0.12和0.24g;水分管理于三叶期开始并持续3周,设计3个土壤水分状况:重度干旱(35%田间持水量,W0)、适度干旱(55%田间持水量,W1)和正常水分(75%田间持水量,W2)。水分管理结束后测定植株生长性状、干重、根长、氮素吸收量、耗水量、水氮利用效率等指标。【结果】干旱胁迫显著抑制玉米苗期的植株生长、干物质累积和氮素吸收,但提高根冠比。相比W2,W0导致总根长平均降低48.0%,而W1对根长影响较小。干旱胁迫降低玉米的氮素回收利用率,W0和W1较W2平均分别下降10.1和4.6个百分点,W0还导致水分利用效率平均降低19.4%,而W1则使水分利用效率平均提高11.9%。供氮方式也显著影响玉米苗期的植株生长、干物质累积与氮素吸收利用,而且水氮两因素呈现出显著的交互作用。基于2022年结果,LN/LN地上部干重最高,W0、W1和W2条件下相比N0/N0分别提高8.3%、12.6%和23.6%。根系干重以LN/N0最高,3个水分条件下较N0/N0分别提高9.5%、17.0%和31.2%,且W1和W2条件下显著提高根冠比。HN/HN对玉米苗期生长的负面影响最严重,地上部干重在W0、W1和W2条件下较N0/N0分别下降30.1%、14.6%和7.0%,根系干重降幅更高(41.0%、44.2%和34.9%),因此显著降低根冠比。HN/N0对地上部干重影响较小,但显著降低根干重和根冠比。相比N0/N0,HN/HN和HN/N0均导致根长显著降低,而LN/N0通过促进未供氮一侧的根系增殖而显著增加总根长。施氮显著提高氮素吸收量,各水分条件下均以LN/LN较高,而LN/N0较低,氮素回收利用率则以LN/LN较高,而HN/HN较低。随干旱胁迫程度的减轻,各处理间氮素吸收量和氮素回收利用率的差异明显增大。植株耗水量和水分利用效率均以LN/LN和LN/N0较高,其次为HN/N0,而HN/HN最低。与不施氮相比,均匀或局部低氮对玉米苗期发育呈现促进作用,而均匀或局部高氮则呈抑制作用,而且干旱胁迫程度增加导致均匀或局部高氮供应的负面效应加剧。总体上,局部供氮方式较均匀供氮方式对根系生长的影响更大,诱导了根系的形态可塑性反应。相关分析发现,不同水分和供氮条件下,玉米苗期地上部干重、水分利用效率、氮素回收利用率与总根长均呈显著的正相关关系。对于局部供氮方式,未供氮一侧根长与地上部干重、水分利用效率和氮素回收利用率的相关性更高。【结论】与均匀供氮相比,局部供氮方式可促进玉米苗期根系在未施氮一侧的大量增殖而增加干重并提高总根长。推荐采用局部低氮供应方式施用基肥以促进苗期根系发育,提高水分利用效率和植株耐旱性。

6种阔叶树种幼苗生物量分配特征及模型构建

以福建省上杭白砂国有林场闽楠、南岭栲、米老排、青冈、云山青冈和木荷2年生幼苗为研究对象,采用全株收获法获取6种树种幼苗根、茎、叶及整株的生物量,比较其分配特征和地上、地下生物量的异速生长关系,建立不同树种幼苗各器官及整株生物量的回归估测模型。结果表明:(1)不同树种幼苗整株生物量差异显著,依次为青冈>米老排>南岭栲>云山青冈>木荷>闽楠。(2)不同树种幼苗各器官生物量分配差异显著,其中青冈根生物量占比最大(39.9%),米老排茎生物量占比最大(45.0%),闽楠叶生物量占比最大(49.2%)。(3)不同树种幼苗地下生物量与地上生物量比值均小于1,表明幼苗生物量更多地分配到茎和叶。除木荷外,其余树种地上、地下生物量均遵循显著的等速生长关系。(4)不同树种幼苗生物量回归估测模型多为幂函数模型,其次为三次多项式模型。6种树种幼苗整株生物量在不同器官分配上存在差异,同时幼苗地上、地下生物量间呈现出等速生长规律。各树种幼苗生物量回归估测模型拟合效果较好,可在相同或相似立地条件下估算不同树种幼苗生物量。

蒜头果幼苗衰退过程中组织养分含量变化特征

在没有寄主植物存在的情况下,蒜头果幼苗长势随独立生长时间延长而逐渐衰退是一种普遍现象。为解析蒜头果幼苗衰退过程中组织养分含量变化和分布特征,该研究比较了独立生长半年、两年和三年的蒜头果植株各部分组织中N、P、K元素浓度变化,并用组织切片染色法定性评估了这些不同衰退程度幼苗的根和茎杆中淀粉分布和含量变化。结果表明:(1)蒜头果幼苗在衰退过程中,除侧根中K浓度逐渐升高外,其余器官中组织N、P、K浓度逐渐降低,叶片N/P比逐渐失衡,衰退程度不同的幼苗所受的养分胁迫类型存在差异,其中独立生长半年的蒜头果幼苗主要受N供应不足的限制(平均N/P比11.33),两年后转为P限制(平均N/P比17.81),三年后蒜头果幼苗叶片N/P比严重失衡(均值52.46),活力极低,不适合用于造林。(2)植株淀粉含量水平逐渐降低,独立生长三年后蒜头果幼苗植株中淀粉消耗殆尽。幼苗茎根交界处、根顶膨大处、主根及侧根的淀粉含量水平在不同衰退程度的幼苗间差异均较显著,表明淀粉含量水平可以作为评估幼苗活力的重要参考,其中侧根可以作为微创法检测幼苗活力的理想取样部位。鉴于独立生长的蒜头果幼苗活力逐渐衰退与组织养分含量降低有关,在蒜头果育苗过程中应合理补给矿质元素、配植优良寄主植物并尽早移栽,以免因幼苗活力衰退而导致造林成活率降低。该研究结果为寻找评估蒜头果幼苗活力的方法提供了理论参考和技术借鉴,并为育苗过程中合理施肥提供了科学指导。