Self-thinning lines and allometric relation in Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands

We calculated a self-thinning exponent of 1.05 for tree mass using the 3/2 power equation in 93 Cunninghamia lanceolata plots.According to Weller’s allometric model,the self-thinning exponent for tree mass was calculated as 1.28 from the allometric exponents h and d.The both self-thinning exponents were significantly lower than 3/2.The self-thinning exponent of organs was estimated to be 1.42 for stems,0.93 for branches,0.96 for leaves,1.35 for roots and 1.28 for shoots,respectively.The self-thinning exponent of stem mass was not significantly different from 3/2,whereas thinning exponents of trees,branches,leaves and roots were significantly lower than 3/2.The stand leaf mass and stand branch mass were constant regardless of the stand density.The scaling relations among branch,leaf,stem,root and shoot mass（MB,ML,MS,MR and MA,respectively） showed that MB and ML scaled as the3/4 power of MS,whereas MS or MA scaled isometrically with respect to MR.

Determination of Feature Line Equation for Self-adapting Incremental Press Bending

The basie idea and method about determination of the feature line equations and how to apply them to the numerical control of the press bending of panei skins were introduced. Research indicates that it is feasible to realize the self adapting incremental press bending by adopting the feature line equation. The feature line equation, which is based on the database of the status of practical processes, can be adjusted in time, and the forming precision can be improved. It is important to correctly select and reasonably predict the feature line equations to enhance the accuracy of the incremental press bending based on the feature line database and algorithm. The determination of the feature line equation settles necessary data foundation for further research on the database of self-adapting incremental press bending, and it supplies a new clue for the development of self-adapting incremental press bending.

Self-adaptive PID controller of microwave drying rotary device tuning on-line by genetic algorithms

The control design, based on self-adaptive PID with genetic algorithms(GA) tuning on-line was investigated, for the temperature control of industrial microwave drying rotary device with the multi-layer(IMDRDWM) and with multivariable nonlinear interaction of microwave and materials. The conventional PID control strategy incorporated with optimization GA was put forward to maintain the optimum drying temperature in order to keep the moisture content below 1%, whose adaptation ability included the cost function of optimization GA according to the output change. Simulations on five different industrial process models and practical temperature process control system for selenium-enriched slag drying intensively by using IMDRDWM were carried out systematically, indicating the reliability and effectiveness of control design. The parameters of proposed control design are all on-line implemented without iterative predictive calculations, and the closed-loop system stability is guaranteed, which makes the developed scheme simpler in its synthesis and application, providing the practical guidelines for the control implementation and the parameter design.

Measurements of Plasma Electron Temperature Utilizing Magnesium Lines Appeared in Laser Produced Aluminum Plasma in Air

We have utilized the relative intensity of magnesium lines originated from the Mg I at 285.2 nm and Mg II at 280.27, 279.55 nm to measure the plasma electron temperature. The plasma was produced via interaction of Nd:YAG laser with solid aluminum target contains traces of magnesium. The magnesium lines were found to suffer from optical thickness which manifests itself on the form of scattered points around the Saha-Boltzmann line. We have utilized a simple method used for rapid calculation to the amount of absorption to these lines via comparison of the electron densities as deduced from magnesium lines to that evaluated from the optically thin hydrogen Hα line at 656.27 nm appeared in the same spectra under the same condition. A correction to the magnesium spectral lines intensities was carried out;hence the corrected temperatures were re-evaluated. The measurements were repeated at different delay times ranging from 1 to 5 μsec. This work emphasizes on the importance of correcting the emitted spectral line intensity against the effect of self absorption before using them in the calculation of plasma electron temperature in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments.

A Progressive Line Simplification Algorithm

An application of line simplification considering spatial knowledge is described.A method for identifying potential conflict regions,in order to avoid the self_intersection of generalized lines,is also discussed.Furthermore,a new progressive line simplification algorithm is presented.From the view point of spatial cognition,a spatial hierarchical structure is proposed,and its application to construction of spatial knowledge related to a line is explained.

The Research of Transmission Network Planning Based on System’s Self-organized Criticality

This paper presents a new line importance degree evaluation index for the propagation of cascading failures, which is used to quantify transmission lines for cascade spread. And propose an improved capital matching model, according to the results of the evaluation, to enhanced robustness of the power system. The simulation results proved that in the case of the same system, the new model can inhibit cascade spread, reduce the probability of large-scale blackouts.

工匠精神对员工主动变革行为的影响研究

工匠精神作为国家核心竞争力的重要支撑,日渐成为组织行为学研究领域的重点话题。基于自我一致性理论和自我决定理论,以和谐型工作激情为中介变量、领导底线心智为调节变量,从个体视角构建工匠精神影响员工主动变革行为的有调节中介模型。对在两个时间点收集到的397份有效员工样本进行分析,结果显示:工匠精神能够正向影响员工主动变革行为;和谐型工作激情在工匠精神与员工主动变革行为之间起中介作用;领导底线心智不仅负向调节工匠精神对和谐型工作激情的积极影响,而且会削弱和谐型工作激情的间接中介作用。

Spectrometric Measurement of Plasma Parameters Utilizing the Target Ambient Gas O I &N I Atomic Lines in LIBS Experiment

In this article, we shall report the results of the spectroscopic measurements of the plasma parameters utilizing the spectral lines emitted from the air atoms surrounding plasma (O I line at 777.19 nm and N I at 746.83 nm). The plasma was created via irradiation of plane solid aluminum target in open air by a high peak power Nd: YAG laser pulses at fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. The emission spectra were recorded using Echelle type spectrograph in conjunction with a time gated ICCD camera at different delay time from 1 to 5 μs and at a fixed gate time of 1 μs. The plasma electron density was measured utilizing the Stark broadening of the N I and O I lines and then compared to the reference density as deduced from the optically thin Hα-line at 656.27 nm appeared in the same emission spectra. The results show that under our experimental conditions the air lines are subjected to moderate absorption. The plasma electron temperature was measured utilizing the relative spectral intensity of the air (O I to N I) lines after correcting their spectral radiance against absorption. The standard temperature was measured utilizing the Al II ionic lines. A comparison to the reference temperatures shows a very close agreement after correcting the emission spectral radiance of the air lines against self absorption, which emphasizes the importance of correction process.

Resolution of an esophageal leak and posterior gastric wall necrosis with esophageal self-expandable metal stents

The use of weight reduction surgeries has increased over the years with a higher proportion of these surgeries being sleeve gastrectomies,this has been associated with some complications including staple line leaks.We report a 32-year-old male who had undergone a laparoscopic gastric band surgery and subsequently a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,this was complicated by both an staple line leak at the gastroesophageal junction as well as a large(> 4 cm) posterior gastric wall defect due to gastric wall necrosis. We used two co-axially inserted self-expandable stents(SEMS) in the management of this patient,5 stents were used over repeated endoscopy sessions and 20 wk. Both defects had resolved without the need for surgical intervention.This is the first reported case were SEMS are used for both a staple line leak as well as a gastric wall defect.We also review the literature on the use of SEMS in the management of leaks post weight reduction surgeries.

基于PSA的中压电力线载波通信自适应阻抗匹配

在中压电力线通信中,针对复杂电器元件的种类、数量不断变化等因素导致线路阻抗不匹配而影响通信质量的问题,提出了一种中压电力线载波通信自适应阻抗匹配方法。首先,建立了中压阻抗匹配系统模型,在该模型的基础上提出了一种π型自适应阻抗匹配电路。然后,根据该电路设计了符合阻抗共轭匹配原理的目标函数,通过PID搜索算法(PID-based search algorithm, PSA)寻找最优元件参数,实现目标函数最优。最后,在此模型基础上仿真分析了PSA算法、粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)和遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)的优劣性。结果表明,PSA算法在收敛速度和寻优精度方面优于PSO和GA算法,能够有效实现阻抗匹配进而改善载波通信质量,为中压电力线通信进一步研究提供了可行性方案。

春小麦重组自交系品质性状与产量、生理性状相关性分析

以‘宁春4号’与‘宁春27号’为亲本杂交构建重组自交系的128份家系为材料,测定该群体的产量、叶面积指数、碳同位素分辨率、面筋含量等20个性状,分析各性状间的相关性。结果表明,该群体有丰富的变异类型,各性状离散程度较大,存在较大程度的超亲遗传。相关性分析表明生理性状与品质性状间有较强相关性,冠层温度、碳同位素分辨率对品质与产量性状影响较大;产量性状与品质性状大都呈正相关。以差异极显著的20个性状进行主成分分析,选取特征向量累积贡献率达87%的性状,分别是沉降值、稳定时间、湿面筋含量、硬度指数、粗蛋白含量、不实小穗数、穗粒数、吸水率、株高、结实小穗数、冠层温度、千粒质量与碳同位素分辨率;基于各性状聚类共分为9个类群,第九类群材料高产优质且农艺水分利用效率较高,为今后育种工作提供重要材料。

一种三相线电压级联单位功率因数整流器负载不均衡特性分析及电压均衡控制策略

该文对一种由三个三相单开关整流器线电压级联构成的三相单位功率因数整流器的负载不均衡特性和输出电压均衡控制策略进行分析和研究,首先详细阐述此类整流器在三个直流侧负载不均衡时,交流输入端电流能自动保持均衡的独特特性及相应工作机理;然后研究系统整体分层控制策略。在传统的基于电压外环PI控制、电流内环PR控制的上层控制基础上,针对各整流模块参数不一致及负载功率不一致引起的各模块输出电压不均衡问题,通过加入偏差因子调制波补偿的底层控制,实现了对每个模块输出功率的独立调节,进而实现了各整流模块输出电压的均衡控制。仿真和实验结果验证了所研究拓扑结构的优越性和控制策略的可行性。

杉阔混交林自疏边界线研究

[目的]正确揭示混交林自然稀疏机制,是实现森林可持续经营目标的基础。[方法]本研究利用1991~2016年福建、江西和安徽省森林资源连续清查数据,采用线性回归分析、随机边界分析和分位数回归分析,研究树种混交、纬度变化和立地条件对杉阔混交林密度和生长之间自疏轨迹的影响规律。[结果]相较于杉木纯林,杉阔混交林自疏线呈上移且趋于平缓的状态。不管采用何种拟合方式,杉阔混交林自疏线与纯林自疏线变化规律基本一致,未偏离-1.605。混交比例对杉阔混交林自疏斜率具有正向影响,纬度和立地条件具有负向影响。线性回归模型拟合得到的是混交林的林分平均密度,分位数回归拟合得到的最大林分密度线受分位数值的影响,随机边界分析可以避免主观选择自疏拟合数据的缺陷,是混交林最大密度线的最佳拟合方法。[结论]杉阔混交林自疏轨迹与杉木纯林相一致,主要受混交比例、纬度和立地条件的影响,采用随机边界分析方法可以得到混交林最大林分密度,本研究可为杉阔混交林密度确定和调控提供实践指导。

不停航条件下跑道深厚软土地基处理方案研究

机场不停航施工通常会遇到净空要求严、作业时间短、对作业面平整度要求高等问题,本文以某软基机场跑道延长线为例,开展不停航施工条件下深厚软基处理方案研究。首先,总结分析了一期跑道的软基处理方案和勘察、监测及试验等成果,在此基础上,结合本场区的地层特性和软土参数的差异性,获得了本期软基处理设计的物理力学特性参数。其次,针对本场区存在深厚软土、不停航施工和净空限制等复杂条件,提出了直排式真空预压的地基处理方案;并针对软土上部土石混合料填筑层难以密封的问题,首次提出了自凝灰密封墙新技术,确保了设计要求的膜下真空压力。最后,采用PLAXIS软件对处理后的典型断面进行了沉降复核分析。截至目前,机场延长线已运行3年,沉降满足设计要求,该方案可为类似工程提供技术借鉴。

产品线延伸与调节聚焦对消费者购买意愿的交互影响

基于自我一致性理论,探究调节聚焦是否调节产品线延伸类型(水平延伸地位产品、向上延伸地位产品)对消费者购买意愿的影响及其潜在的心理机制。通过2个情境实验,研究发现:调节聚焦在产品线延伸类型对消费者购买意愿的影响中起调节作用,具体来说,促进聚焦消费者对水平延伸地位产品和向上延伸地位产品的购买意愿无显著差异,防御聚焦消费者对向上延伸地位产品的购买意愿显著低于水平延伸地位产品;此外,自我一致性在产品线延伸类型和调节聚焦对消费者购买意愿的交互影响中起中介作用。

35kV输电线路玻璃绝缘子串中残锤的危害分析

针对35 kV输电线路玻璃绝缘子零值自爆后的残锤,分析残锤的外绝缘、内绝缘特性,并结合两个实例分析在大风大雨作用下35 kV输电线路玻璃绝缘子串中残锤的危害,还针对残锤的危害提出了反措。结果表明:雨水可通过残锤的外绝缘渗浸内绝缘;运行中若未能及时发现和更换残锤,大风大雨将有可能引发存在残锤的35 kV输电线路玻璃绝缘子串发生单相接地闪络故障。其中,在残锤的内绝缘没有被雨水渗浸前,其内绝缘水平高于外绝缘水平,闪络电弧从残锤的外绝缘直接拉弧导通,将有可能导致单相接地闪络故障延时跳闸的35 kV输电线路发生烧断导线故障;在残锤的内绝缘被雨水渗浸后,其内绝缘水平低于外绝缘水平,闪络电弧从被雨水渗浸的残锤内绝缘导通,将有可能发生35 kV输电线路掉串故障。

复杂地形区域输电线路无人机自主巡检方法研究

局域电网范围内输电线路普遍较多,布设复杂度较高,对于复杂地形区域,电网线路运维难度越来越大。为减少手动操作误差,研究了复杂地形区域输电线路无人机自主巡检方法。通过实时动态载波相位差分技术记录飞行航迹坐标,安全检验飞行航迹,设计标准化无人机自主巡检方案;利用卡尔曼滤波消除数据噪声,通过轨迹初始方位点、拍摄位置点、轨迹拐点及轨迹终止方位点来确定轨迹路径;分析地面坐标系与图像坐标系间的内在关系,针对不同场景的拍摄需求,计算匹配点像素坐标,使用视觉迭代法获取飞行过程的无人机三维坐标,开启对焦模式采集输电线路图像,以此实现电网复杂地形区域故障线路的巡检。实验结果表明,针对滚转角、俯仰角以及偏航角3个方面,研究方法下的无人机巡检飞行与期望飞行路线吻合,且16 km的输电线路巡检耗时控制在35 min以内,证明了无人机自主巡检稳定性强、效率快、精度较高,在电网智能化巡检方面具备一定参考价值。

基于自适应拟合的桥梁影响线提取方法

桥梁影响线(IL)被广泛用于动态称重、结构评估、损伤识别等领域,如何从桥梁实测响应中准确提取桥梁影响线至关重要。为此,提出一种自适应拟合算法,用于从车辆过桥响应中提取高精度、准静态的桥梁影响线。从多车轴对桥梁的作用机理出发,通过矩阵运算获取桥梁初始影响线。随后,采用自适应拟合算法来消除初始影响线中的波动干扰成分,从而提取高精度、准静态的桥梁影响线。开展静载和移动荷载模型桥试验,以静载实测影响线为基准,与移动荷载试验所提取的影响线作对比,验证文中自适应拟合算法的可行性。最后,通过与既有影响线提取方法进行比较,深入探讨了多种算法在波动性、精确性和计算速度上的优劣,验证了自适应拟合算法在提取桥梁影响线上的优势。研究结果表明:桥梁实测响应中包含了静态成分和波动成分,自适应拟合算法可较好地提取准静态桥梁影响线。该算法可根据原始响应的波动程度自动选取合适的数据段进行拟合,通过调节参数λ达到平滑的效果,同时保留数据局部信息。所提取的影响线不仅在精度上较既有方法存在一定优势,计算速度也较为理想,可在2~3次迭代后达到较高精确度。提出的基于自适应拟合的桥梁影响线提取方法为影响线的广泛应用奠定了基础。

基于电磁超声的工业管道自驱式壁厚连续扫查内检测系统

腐蚀减薄是工业管道定期检验重点关注的损失模式,文中针对该问题研发了一种自驱式管道壁厚连续扫查内检测系统。文中设计了一种收发双线圈构型的电磁超声传感器,研制了自驱式管道内检测机器人与高裕量随动贴合的传感器搭载装置。在测试管道上开展了在线壁厚扫查实验,实验结果表明:自驱式电磁超声内检测系统在管道主要结构处均能稳定检测壁厚,检测数据可靠,缺陷定位准确,适用于传统外检测不可达等服役工况下钢质管道的壁厚动态测量。

基于轻量化U^(2)-Net的车道线检测算法研究

针对车道线遮挡、道路阴影等多车道驾驶环境下提取的车道线特征信息缺失造成预测车道线模糊、不连续等问题,提出一种基于轻量化U^(2)-Net的车道线检测算法。首先,以轻量化U^(2)-Net的残差U形模块(RSU)和多特征尺度融合获得全局信息丰富的车道线特征;其次,对车道线特征进行逐像素阈值判断,并选择最小二乘法结合感兴趣区域(ROI)中车道线簇进行车道线的拟合,实现多车道线检测并确认自车道线区域;最后,在图森(TuSimple)数据集上进行验证与分析。验证结果表明,所提出的车道线检测算法的平均准确率达到98.4%,相比于其他车道线检测网络,该算法的网络参数量较少,准确率较高。