钯-铂基双面神微马达的运动行为研究

为了研究双金属基微马达的驱动机制,利用磁控溅射技术制备聚苯乙烯(PS)@钯Pd-铂Pt双面神微马达,采用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜表征该微马达的结构、形貌和运动行为,并通过对比实验和数值模拟推测验证该微马达驱动机制。结果表明:PS@Pd-Pt微马达由Pd、 Pt双金属层在PS微球表面半包覆形成,具有双面神结构,直径约为2μm;PS@Pd-Pt双面神微马达在过氧化氢H_(2)O_(2)溶液中一开始朝着PS侧正向运动,随后速度逐渐减小,然后发生自发转向朝着Pd-Pt双金属侧反向运动;该微马达正向运动的驱动机制为Pt催化H_(2)O_(2)产生的非离子型自扩散泳以及Pt层厚度不均匀导致的自电泳共同作用,反向运动的机制为外部Pt与内部Pd双金属形成的自电泳作用。

聚合诱导-液晶驱动自组装制备含氟聚合物纳米纤维

含氟聚合物由于他们的低表面能、光电性能和生物相容性已经广泛用于各个领域。本文通过光引发在50℃下制备了聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸2-(全氟辛基)乙酯(PDMAEMAm-b-PFMAn)纳米纤维。不同于一般的纳米纤维,得到的纳米纤维表面具有独特的凹凸起伏形似珍珠项链。通过动力学研究揭示了珍珠项链状纳米纤维的组装过程并且探究了反应温度、溶剂组成以及大分子链转移剂的聚合度对珍珠项链状纳米纤维的影响。结果表明,含氟液晶珍珠项链状纳米纤维的形成与液晶驱动力、核表面张力以及亲-疏溶剂的界面能三者的平衡关系相关。

Integrated System of Solar Cells with Hierarchical NiCo2O4 Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices for Self-Driving Light-Emitting Diodes

An integrated system has been provided with a-Si/H solar cells as energy conversion device,NiCo2O4 battery-supercapacitor hybrid(BSH)as energy storage device,and light emitting diodes(LEDs)as energy utilization device.By designing three-dimensional hierarchical NiCo2O4 arrays as faradic electrode,with capacitive electrode of active carbon(AC),BSHs were assembled with energy density of 16.6 Wh kg-1,power density of 7285 W kg-1,long-term stability with 100% retention after 15,000 cycles,and rather low self-discharge.The NiCo2O4//AC BSH was charged to 1.6 V in 1 s by solar cells and acted as reliable sources for powering LEDs.The integrated system is rational for operation,having an overall efficiency of 8.1% with storage efficiency of 74.24%.The integrated system demonstrates a stable solar power conversion,outstanding energy storage behavior,and reliable light emitting.Our study offers a precious strategy to design a self-driven integrated system for highly efficient energy utilization.

长三角地区潜在自驾旅游流及网络结构特征--基于修正引力模型

基于旅游修正引力模型,构建自驾游目的地吸引力和客源地出游力综合评价指标体系,对长三角地区潜在自驾旅游流进行测度,并采用社会网络分析法探究自驾旅游流网络结构及节点特征。结果表明:1)长三角地区呈现客源地出游力“中南强,北弱”和目的地吸引力“东强西弱”格局。2)潜在自驾旅游流网络密度偏低,城市间联系不紧密,呈现明显的“核心-边缘”格局。3)南京、杭州等城市中心性高,成为自驾旅游流网络中的核心枢纽及集散中心;苏州、无锡等城市为次核心;淮北、蚌埠、阜阳等13个城市处于网络中的边缘地位。4)南京、杭州、苏州等8个城市位于网络中的结构洞位置,具有更强的控制性、独立性和更突出的区位优势。

A Driving Strategy Model of Self-Driving Cars

The self-driving cars are highly developed and about to meet the market, but the driving strategies and corresponding behaviors with others still need to be tested. In this paper, based on its characteristics and behaviors of manual-driving vehicles, we propose the driving strategies of manual-driving cars as well as self-driving cars. And we use the cellular automaton to simulate the traffic reality under different conditions, and to evaluate the efficiency of a road when self-driving cars are put into use. This research can be a reference by traffic planning and vehicles performance test, and further research can be designed in a model which can calculate the efficiency of a road when the percentage of self-driving cars are different.

Balance of Internal Drive, Ego and Super Ego through Self-Hypnosis

The paper discusses about the influence of Self-Hypnosis on the three important qualities determining the personality trait of an individual namely: Internal Drive (ID), Ego and Super Ego. Self-Hypnosis is a technique that regulates one’s own mind by setting attributes to achieve the basic goals in life having a wider range of variation from one individual to another. There is a constant conflict occurring in an individual’s mind between ID, Ego, and Super Ego throughout his life time till death. The paper work attempts to bring certain facts about the ID, Ego and Super Ego and how to balance between the three through Self-Hypnosis.

Dynamics of a self-propelled particle under different driving modes in a channel flow

In this paper, a model that combines the lattice Boltzmann method with the singularity distribution method is proposed to simulate a self-propelled particle swimming（exhibiting translation and rotation） in a channel flow. The results show that the velocity distribution for a self-propelled particle swimming deviates from a Maxwellian distribution and exhibits highvelocity tails. The influence of an eccentric potential doublet on the translation velocity of the particle is significant. The velocity decay process can be described using a double exponential model form. No large differences in the velocity distribution were observed for different translation Reynolds numbers, rotation Reynolds numbers, or regular intervals.

基于“推-拉”理论的自驾越野车探险旅游动机研究

近年来,国内越野车销量增长迅速,自驾越野车探险旅游逐渐升温。这类游客比一般旅游者更多地深入偏远地区,其旅游活动对促进地方经济发展、缩小地域差距有一定意义。基于“推-拉”理论,明确了自驾越野车探险旅游的动机因子并通过问卷调查法进行定量测度与分析,同时调查了游客基本行为特征和人口统计学特征,并分析人口统计学特征对动机的影响,而后进一步分析了推力动机和拉力动机各因子之间的相关性。最后,根据分析结论提出些许可供旅游目的地规划与管理参考的意见和建议:应当进一步发挥越野车探险旅游市场对目的地经济发展的促进作用,但应将资源保护放在首位,同时需提升越野车探险旅游活动组织和开展的专业性、合理布设救援及能源补给站点,并可结合目的地具体实际实行分级、分类、分时的精细化管理制度。

Belousov-Zhabotinsky反应自振荡水凝胶材料的性能及仿生功能

材料在微观层面上的性能与其宏观功能间的关联关系,是仿生软材料研究领域的主要关注点以及材料设计的基础。以Belousov-Zhabotinsky反应自振荡水凝胶(BZ胶)为代表,这种由化学信号波驱动和调制,从而将微观构象转变和配位调节为具有宏观运动功能的软材料类型,是近年来仿生材料研究的热点之一。该类材料工作于非平衡态,其运动功能具有内驱动性、仿生性、程控性、自适应性和无缆化等特性。本文综述了BZ胶的微观分子构象、化学能-机械能的转换、流变学性能,以及用BZ胶的宏观活性材料制备的软马达的仿生运动功能设计等内容的主要研究进展,讨论了其中亟待解决的关键问题,并提出了未来可行的解决方案。

The Effect of Self-Driving Car on Urban Traffic

Based on the idea of infinitesimal analysis, we establish the basic model of relation between speed and flow. Since putting a certain amount of self-driving car will affect the average speed of mixed traffic flow, we choose the proportion of self-driving car to be a variable, denoted by k. Based on the least square method, we find two critical values of k that are 38.63% and 68.26%. When k 38.63%, the self-driving cars have a negative influence to the traffic. When 38.63% < k < 68.26%, they have a positive influence to the traffic. When k > 68.26%, they have significant improvement to the traffic capacity of the road.

4BZ-800型荸荠收获机设计与试验

针对荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis)收获劳动强度大和可应用于实际生产的收获机具匮乏的问题,结合荸荠种植田土壤条件和现有人工收获方式,设计了一种应用于带水收获的自走式荸荠收获机。该机由行走系统、传动系统、旋转扰动装置、提升分离装置、收集装置等组成,整机传动系统分为液压传动部分和机械传动部分,液压传动部分为收获机行走系统和挖掘收获装置提供动力,可实现机具行走速度控制、挖掘收获装置高度调节、旋转扰动装置转速控制、提升分离装置转速控制,机械传动部分可为各级旋转扰动辊及提升分离装置间提供稳定的转速差,保障收获过程顺利进行。三级旋转扰动辊构成旋转扰动装置,实现对土壤和水分的充分扰动混合;齿形挖掘铲和升运链构成提升分离装置,完成荸荠果实的挖掘、果土分离、升运工作。田间试验结果显示,该机可一次性完成荸荠的挖掘、果土分离、升运、收集等工作,试验条件下该型荸荠收获机田间道路最大行驶速度为0.97m/s,田间差速转向最小转向半径为2.1 m,原地转向半径为1.3 m,最大爬坡角度为24.2°,果实挖净率为53.19%,损伤率4.21%。

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Culture Self- Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization -- Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.

Torsional self-excited vibration of rolling mill

The roller’s torsional self excited vibration caused by roller stick slip, and its influence on strip surface quality have been studied. Based on analysis of roller working surface stick slip, roller rotation dynamics equations have been established. The nonlinear sliding frictional resistance has been linearized, and dynamics equations have been solved according to the characteristics of stick and slip between roller and strip. The results show that: 1) with decreasing stick time t 1, torsional vibration wave pattern gradually transforms from serration into sinusoid, and frictional self excited vibration can cover all frequency components which are lower than that of free vibration; 2) stick time t 1 is directly proportional to torque increment Δ M R , and is inversely proportional to live shaft stiffness K and drive shaft rotational velocity ω ; 3) when slip time t 2 is basically steady, the longer the stick time, the larger the energy that system absorbs and discharges. As the slip time is a constant, it easily arouses strip surface shear impact and surface streaks.

基于C_(14)H_(31)O_(3)P-Ti_(3)C_(2)/Au肖特基结的自驱动近红外探测器

Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx作为新型二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物(MXene)中的一类,具有丰富的表面官能团(—OH,—F和—O等),并能够通过进一步的表面功能化调控表现出半导体特性.目前将Ti3C2Tx半导体性质应用在红外光电探测器中的研究还很少.本文研制了一种基于C_(14)H_(31)O_(3)P-Ti_(3)C_(2)/Au肖特基结的自驱动近红外光电探测器.通过膦酸基团与Ti3C2Tx表面羟基的缩合反应,制备了改性的C_(14)H_(31)O_(3)P-Ti_(3)C_(2)二维纳米半导体;并采用滴涂法构建了C14H31O3P-Ti3C2/Au肖特基结光电探测器.该器件在近红外波段(808—1342 nm)显示出良好的检测性能和循环稳定性,1064 nm近红外光照射下最高响应度为0.28 A/W,比探测率为4.3×10^(7)Jones,经10次I-t循环后器件性能保持稳定.由于C_(14)H_(31)O_(3)P-Ti_(3)C_(2)/Au肖特基结光电探测器具备自驱动特性和简单的制备工艺,因此在弱光信号检测方面表现出良好的应用潜力,例如在天文学和生物医学领域.这为基于MXene的近红外探测器的设计和研制提供了新思路.

川藏南线自驾游客情感体验的特征与影响机制

以流动性体验为核心的旅游形式在全球化背景下日益流行。作为大尺度流动型旅游形式典型代表的长途自驾游,因冒险、追逐自由、私密、个性化、高不确定性等特征,赋予了游客独特且复杂的情感体验。目前,学界尚缺乏从更为系统的视角关注大尺度流动情境下游客情感体验的特征、前因与影响机制的实证研究。文章基于景观感知理论,采用定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法,以川藏南线(318国道成都至拉萨段)的自驾游客为研究对象,分析游客在大尺度流动情境下的情感体验特征与影响机制。文章发现:1)自驾游客的积极情感体验未达强烈水平,情感体验(尤其是积极情感体验)伴随着自驾这一流动性实践呈现出动态变化的波动特征,且涉及多个维度;2)基于自我需要满足与否、满足程度如何这一标准,自驾游客与环境的互动(包含两组类型、6类特征)促进了他们上述情感体验的产生,并通过动态反馈机制持续影响了情感体验。上述研究发现不仅完善了有关游客情感体验前因和影响机制以及自驾入藏旅游体验的实证研究体系,还为目的地的管理与营销提供了思路。

基于逆模型预测控制的拟人驾驶控制

本文提出一种基于逆模型预测控制的拟人驾驶控制方法,利用模型预测控制产生的实轴轨迹与真实轨迹的损失函数更新控制模块代价函数的权重系数实现拟人化驾驶控制。将拟人驾驶控制构建成一个双层优化问题,在下层利用模型预测控制求解一个典型的最优控制问题产生实轴驾驶轨迹,在上层最小化所产生的实轴轨迹和真实驾驶轨迹的误差更新下层代价函数的权重系数,基于极大值微分原理构造辅助系统求解实轴轨迹关于代价函数权重系数的梯度。实车采集真实驾驶轨迹并进行模仿测试与泛化验证,结果表明:本文所提出的方法相比于两类基于虚轴轨迹的逆最优控制方法,在3个工况下与真实驾驶轨迹最大误差分别平均降低了73.52%和65.03%,驾驶行为更加拟人化,且具备泛化性能。

锚框校准和空间位置信息补偿的街道场景视频实例分割

街道场景视频实例分割是无人驾驶技术研究中的关键问题之一,可为车辆在街道场景下的环境感知和路径规划提供决策依据.针对现有方法存在多纵横比锚框应用单一感受野采样导致边缘特征提取不充分以及高层特征金字塔空间细节位置信息匮乏的问题,本文提出锚框校准和空间位置信息补偿视频实例分割(Anchor frame calibration and Spatial position information compensation for Video Instance Segmentation,AS-VIS)网络.首先,在预测头3个分支中添加锚框校准模块实现同锚框纵横比匹配的多类型感受野采样,解决目标边缘提取不充分问题.其次,设计多感受野下采样模块将各种感受野采样后的特征融合,解决下采样信息缺失问题.最后,应用多感受野下采样模块将特征金字塔低层目标区域激活特征映射嵌入到高层中实现空间位置信息补偿,解决高层特征空间细节位置信息匮乏问题.在Youtube-VIS标准库中提取街道场景视频数据集,其中包括训练集329个视频和验证集53个视频.实验结果与YolactEdge检测和分割精度指标定量对比表明,锚框校准平均精度分别提升8.63%和5.09%,空间位置信息补偿特征金字塔平均精度分别提升7.76%和4.75%,AS-VIS总体平均精度分别提升9.26%和6.46%.本文方法实现了街道场景视频序列实例级同步检测、跟踪与分割,为无人驾驶车辆环境感知提供有效的理论依据.

BEV特征下激光雷达和单目相机融合的目标检测算法研究

为提高自动驾驶汽车对周围目标物的检测精度,提出了一种激光雷达和单目图像数据在鸟瞰图特征上融合的目标物检测算法(monocular-bird’s eye view fusion,Mono-BEVFusion)。为构建相机BEV特征,搭建了简单高效的深度预测网络预测相机特征的深度,基于显式监督的方法用深度真值对其进行监督。构建激光雷达BEV特征时,将激光点云体素化为柱状网格转化到BEV特征下,设计BEV特征融合网络将激光点云BEV特征和相机BEV特征融合,将融合特征输入到目标检测框架得到目标物(汽车、行人和骑行人)检测结果。利用KITTI数据集和实车路采数据对Mono-BEVFusion融合算法进行评估,实验结果表明该算法相较于现有融合算法综合平均精度提升了2.90个百分点,其中汽车类和行人类单项检测精度分别提升3.38个百分点和4.13个百分点。Mono-BEVFusion融合算法对遮挡目标或者距离较远的目标有较稳定的检测效果,能够有效避免单传感器的漏检现象,具有较好的实际应用价值。