Research Progress on Self-Efficacy Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Impact of Simulation Education on Self-Efficacy in Pre-Registration Nursing Students

This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-efficacy of undergraduate pre-registration nursing students. The second aim of this study is to explore additional outcome variables that were examined in the previous studies. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. These databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO. The PICO model was employed to identify the search terms, with a thesaurus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of relevant articles were examined and hand searches of journals were also undertaken. The quality of each study was assessed using the Simulation Research Rubric (SRR). A total of 11 studies were included. All studies explored the impact of simulation education on undergraduate pre-registration nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence and performance and two papers examined their critical thinking. Problem solving, learning motivation, communication skills and knowledge acquisition were examined once. The majority of studies indicated that simulation training has a positive impact on pre-registration nursing students’ self-efficacy and other outcome variables. Furthermore, the study results indicate that simulation training is more dependable than traditional training, and students were extremely satisfied with the simulation training. However, most of the studies included in this review had several gaps, including study design, sample size and dissimilarities between the scales used. Further research with large samples, reliable and valid instruments, and outcomes measures (such as critical thinking and transferability of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simulation in undergraduate nursing education. .

Effect of Health Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Functional Capacity of Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Khartoum State-Sudan, 2015-2019

Coronary heart disease is among the most prevalent and costly of all global health problems. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been increasingly used since the 1960s. Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, including Sudan. Self-efficacy and functional capacity is a critical factor for quality of life in patients who has undergone CABG as well as for their caregivers from their families. Aim of the Study: To explore the effects of an educational program on self-efficacy and functional capacity of patients after CABG. 1) There will be no significant difference between the intervention group and control group concerning knowledge regarding Self-efficacy and functional capacity post CABG surgery. 2) The application of our educational program for the patients will enhance the patients with CABG surgery and improve knowledge about Self-efficacy and functional capacity post CABG surgery. 3) There are some socio demographic factors that affect the response to the educational program. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, interventional and hospital-based study, including pre-test, a post-test and follow-up test, with a control group, conducted during the period from September 2014 to June 2019. Patients were recruited consecutively to the cases and control group using convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 76 patients;41 as cases and 35 as control group. The sample included those who had undergone CABG in Khartoum State. Relevant data were collected using a checklist to monitor the effect of a health education program on self-efficacy and functional capacity of the patients. Result: The results showed marked improvement in patients’ self-efficacy and functional capacity between pretest and posttest for the study group;p-value = (0.001) in the health status of cases in comparison to the control group. The indices were observed to be higher for patients who received a nursing educational program throughout the study period;p-value = (0.002).

On Improving Students' Self-efficacy in English Listening Teaching

The traditional English teaching attaches excessive importance to the explanation of grammar and vocabulary, which causes students' disability in applying English, especially in listening. Self-efficacy is one of the basic elements which influence the students' learning motivation. It has close relationship with learning efficiency.

基于住院-院后-门诊形式全程健康教育模式对2型糖尿病患者实施健康教育的效果研究

目的探讨应用全程健康教育模式对首次住院2型糖尿病患者实施健康教育的效果评价。方法选取2021年6月1日—2022年12月1日在滨州医学院附属医院住院的2型糖尿病患者130例,采用便利抽样法分为观察组和对照组,每组65例。对照组给予常规健康教育干预,观察组在常规健康教育基础上给予住院-院后-门诊形式全程健康教育模式干预。比较两组患者干预前后一般自我效能(GSES)评分、自我管理能力(SDSCA)评分、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))的变化。结果干预后,观察组患者GSES评分、SDSCA评分、FBG、2 hPG、HbA_(1c)均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于住院-院后-门诊形式全程健康教育可提高2型糖尿病患者自我效能、自我管理能力,有利于血糖控制及稳定。

基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型的知信行健康宣教及护理在消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者中的应用效果

目的研究基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB)的知信行健康宣教及护理在消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者中的应用效果。方法选择2021年3月至2022年10月安徽省安庆市立医院接受治疗的患者82例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各41例。对照组采用常规知信行宣教及护理进行干预,观察组在对照组的基础上给予基于IMB模型的知信行宣教及护理。比较两组干预前与出院1个月后药物依从性、疾病不确定感、自我效能。结果出院后1个月,两组依从性得分均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后1个月,两组疾病不确定感各项得分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后1个月,两组自我效能得分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的知信行健康宣教及护理,能够有效提高消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者的治疗效果,值得推广运用。

Validation of Educational Video to Promote Self-Efficacy in Preventing Childhood Diarrhea

The aim of this study was to evaluate and to validate an educational video to promote maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea with women assisted in a health unit. Validation study, developed with 17 mothers whose children were under five years old, was analyzed on scenes of an educational video according to the validity of appearance (clarity/comprehension) and of content (relevance). The scenes were considered clear and comprehensive with a perceptual above 70% and with an average of 96.9% of agreement. Regarding the relevance, the agreement was maintained between 94% and 100%, however only scenes 03 and 13 presented 76.6% and 70.6% of agreement respectively. Global Content Validation Index of the educational video scenes was 0.97 meaning an excellent level of agreement among mothers. The video showed to be a valid and a trustworthy material to promote maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea. Therefore, it is important that the material is disseminated in other health services so that other mothers may have contact with the same, providing greater reliability of the material.

Investigation for the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses in Guizhou,China

Aim:As conflict caused by cultural diversity among patients in China continues to rise,hospitals are in urgent need for improvement of transcultural efficacy among nurses.This study aims to evaluate the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses working in the tertiary general hospital in Guizhou Province,an ethnic minority region in western China,and to identify whether nurses'demographic characteristics affect their transcultural self-efficacy.Method:We used the Chinese version of the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool(TSET-CV)to survey 1,190 inservice nurses.Results:Results showed that the level of transcultural self-efficacy of the nurses was generally moderate;few of the nurses had high or low transcultural self-efficacy.The nurses'transcultural self-efficacy was affected by demographic variables,including age,marital status,employment type,income,work experience,and whether or not they were head nurses.Having a stable work environment,a stable marriage,a good educational background,and a high-ranked professional title were associated with increased transcultural self-efficacy.Conclusion:Nursing administrators in hospitals should offer continuing education on transcuitural nursing according to nurses'demographic characteristics and the SEST scores.

Twelve weeks of dance exergaming in overweight and obese adolescent girls:Transfer effects on physical activity,screen time,and self-efficacy

Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA from one context to another, exergames(i.e., video games that require gross motor activity) may act as a gateway to promote overall PA outside game play. The purpose of this study was to examine potential transfer effects(i.e., influences on external behaviors and psychological constructs) of a 12-week exergaming intervention on adolescent girls' PA, screen time,and self-efficacy toward PA, as well as the intrinsic motivation of exergaming.Methods: Participants were 37 girls aged 14–18 years(65% African American, 35% white) who were overweight or obese(body mass index ≥ 85 th percentile) and were recruited from the community via school, physicians, news media, and social media websites. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a 12-week group exergaming intervention(thirty-six 60 min sessions of group-based dance exergaming in a research laboratory using Kinect for Xbox360(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)) or to a no-treatment control group. Outcome variables included objectively measured PA(total) and self-reported leisure-time PA(discretionary time only) 1 week before vs. 1 week after the intervention; selected type and intensity of PA when placed in a gym setting for 30 min("cardio free choice"); screen time; self-efficacy toward PA; and intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Results: Attendance at the exergaming sessions was high(80%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group self-reported an increase in PA(p = 0.035) and fewer hours watching television or videos(p = 0.01) after the intervention, but there were no significant differences in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous PA measured by accelerometry. The intervention group significantly improved self-efficacy toward PA(p = 0.028). The intervention group highly rated intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Conclusion: Exergaming for 12 weeks was associated with positive impacts on adolescent girls' self-reported PA, television viewing, self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation. Future research is warranted to leverage exergames as an enjoyable, motivating, and effective PA tool.

Self-management and self-efficacy status in liver recipients

BACKGROUND： Liver transplantation （LT） is a viable treatment for patients with end-stage chronic liver diseases. The main aim of LT is to prolong life and improve life quality. However, although survival after LT continues to improve, some aspects of recipient＇s health-related quality of life such as self-man- agement and self-efficacy have been largely ignored.

Relationship between self-directed learning readiness, learning attitude, and self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates

Objective: The purposes of this study were to analyze the influencing factors of self-directed learning readiness(SDLR) of nursing undergraduates and explore the impacts of learning attitude and self-efficacy on nursing undergraduates.Methods: A total of 500 nursing undergraduates were investigated in Tianjin, with the Chinese version of SDLR scale, learning attitude questionnaire of nursing college students, academic self-efficacy scale, and the general information questionnaire.Result: The score of SDLR was 149.99±15.73. Multiple stepwise regressions indicated that academic self-efficacy, learning attitude, attitudes to major of nursing, and level of learning difficulties were major influential factors and explained 48.1% of the variance in SDLR of nursing interns.Conclusions: The score of SDLR of nursing undergraduates is not promising. It is imperative to correct students' learning attitude, improve self-efficacy, and adopt appropriate teaching model to improve SDLR.

Role of illness perception and self-efficacy in lifestyle modification among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

AIM To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease(NAFLD) patient's disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle maintenance. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 146 ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients who visited the fatty liver clinic at the TelAviv Medical Center. Eighty-seven of these individuals, participated in a clinical trial of physical activity and underwent fasting blood tests, analyzed at the same lab. Exclusion criteria included positivity for serum HBsA g or anti-HCV antibodies; fatty liver suspected to be secondary to hepatotoxic drugs; excessive alcohol consumption(≥ 30 g/d in men or ≥ 20 g/d in women) and positive markers of genetic or immune-mediated liver diseases. Patients were asked to complete a selfreport structured questionnaire, assembled by the Israeli Center for Disease Control. Nutrition habits were measured using six yes/no questions(0 = no, 1 = yes) adopted from the national survey questionnaire. Participants in the clinical trial completed a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) reporting their habitual nutritional intake during the past year. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire, emotional representation, degree of illness understanding, timeline perception, treatment perception and symptoms were measured by the Brief Illness Perception questionnaire. Illness consequences were measured by the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to describe the interrelationships between the patients' illness perceptions, and assess the extent to which the data fit a prediction of nutritional habits.RESULTS The study sample included 54.1% men, with a mean age of 47.76 ± 11.68 years(range: 20-60) and mean body mass index of 31.56 ± 4.6. The average perceived nutrition habits score was 4.73 ± 1.45 on a scale between 0-6, where 6 represents the healthiest eating habits. Most of the study participants(57.2%) did not feel they fully understood what NAFLD is. Better nutritional habits were positively predicted by the degree of illness understanding(β = 0.26; P = 0.002) and selfefficacy(β = 0.25; P = 0.003). Perceptions of more severe illness consequences were related with higher emotional representation(β = 0.55; P < 0.001), which was related with lower self-efficacy(β =-0.17; P = 0.034). The perception of treatment effectiveness was positively related with self-efficacy(β = 0.32; P < 0.001). In accordance with the correlation between self-efficacy and the perceived nutrition habits score, self-efficacy was also correlated with nutrient intake evaluated by the FFQ; negatively with saturated fat(percent of saturated fat calories from total calories)(r =-0.28, P = 0.010) and positively with fiber(r = 0.22, P = 0.047) and vitamin C intake(r = 0.34, P = 0.002). In a sub analysis of the clinical trial participants, objectively measured compliance to physical activity regimen was positively correlated with the self-efficacy level(r = 0.34, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION Self-efficacy and illness understanding are major determinants of lifestyle-modification among NAFLD patients. This information can assist clinicians in improving compliance with lifestyle changes among these patients.

Correlates of Condom-use Self-efficacy on the EPPM-based Integrated Model among Chinese College Students

Objective To explore the predictors of condom-use self-efficacy in Chinese college students according to the extended parallel process model （EPPM）-based integrated model. Methods A total of 3,082 college students were anonymously surveyed through self-administered questionnaires in Guangzhou and Harbin, China. A structural equation model was applied to assess the integrated model. Results Among the participants, 2,387 （46.7%） were male, 2,586 （53.3%） were female, and the average age was 18.6 years. The final integrated model was acceptable. Apart from the direct effect （r = 0.23）, perceived severity had two indirect effects on condom-use self-efficacy through the attitude to HIV education （r = 0.40） and intention to engage in premarital sex （r = -0.16）, respectively. However, the perceived susceptibility mediated through the intention to engage in premarital sex （intent-to-premarital-sex） had a poor indirect impact on condom-use self-efficacy （total effect was -0.06）. Furthermore, attitude toward HIV health education （r = 0.49） and intent-to-premarital-sex （r = -0.32） had a strong direct effect on condom-use self-efficacy. In addition, male students perceived higher susceptibility, stronger intent-to-premarital-sex, and lower condom-use self-efficacy than female students. Conclusion The integrated model may be used to assess the determinants of condom-use self-efficacy among Chinese college students. Future research should focus on raising the severity perception, HIV-risk-reduction motivation, and the premarital abstinence intention among college students. Furthermore, considering the gender differences observed in the present survey, single-sex HIV education is required in school-based HIV/sex intervention.

Bullying among people with visual impairment: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship to self-efficacy and life satisfaction

AIM To examine associated factors of bullying and to determine associations between bullying and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with visual impairments(Ⅵ). METHODS We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional survey of adults with Ⅵ who were recruited from the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Data were collected through structural telephone interviews in the period between February and May, 2017. Linear regression models were used to examine factors related to bullying and associations of bullying with self-efficacy and life satisfaction.RESULTS A total of 736 individuals were interviewed. The lifetime and 6-mo prevalence of bullying was 41.7% and8.2%, respectively. The majority of bullied participants reported Ⅵ-specific bullying(65.1%). Victimization of bullying was associated with young age, early onsetage of Ⅵ, and having other impairments. Participants who reported bullying had lower levels of self-efficacy[Adjusted relative risk(ARR): 0.40, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.19-0.85] and life satisfaction(ARR: 0.68,95%CI: 0.51-0.91).CONCLUSION Bullying is highly prevalent among individuals withⅥ. Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce bullying may be beneficial for improving the well-being and life quality of people with Ⅵ.

社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复对老年冠心病患者自我效能及运动能力的影响

目的探讨社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复对老年冠心病患者自我效能及运动能力的影响。方法选取2020年12月至2022年12月在该中心就诊的200例老年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各100例。对照组患者接受常规干预,观察组患者在对照组基础上接受社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复。比较两组患者康复前及康复6个月后自我效能感、自我管理能力及运动能力,并记录两组患者康复1、6个月后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果两组患者康复6个月后心脏自我效能问卷、自我管理能力量表评分均明显高于康复前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者康复6个月后6 min步行距离及峰值摄氧量均明显高于康复前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者康复1个月后MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但观察组患者康复6个月后MACE发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复有助于提升老年冠心病患者PCI术后的自我效能感和自我管理能力,增强患者运动能力,降低PCI术后中远期MACE发生风险,值得临床推广使用。

基于信息-动机-行为理论指导的分级康复方案对胫腓骨骨折术后患者恢复的影响

目的探讨基于信息-动机-行为(IMB)理论指导下的分级康复方案对胫腓骨骨折术后患者恢复的影响。方法前瞻性纳入医院在2021年6月至2022年6月收治的100胫腓骨骨折术后患者,利用计算机生成的随机数字将患者分为试验组(50例)和对照组(50例)。对照组接受常规康复方案干预,试验组在对照组基础上采取基于IMB理论指导下的分级康复方案干预,以干预3个月为评价节点,评价指标包括膝关节功能[使用纽约特种外科医院膝关节评分量表(HSS)评估]、自我效能感[使用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评估]及康复训练依从性。结果干预3个月,两组HSS、GSES评分高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组干预期间康复训练整体依从性优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胫腓骨骨折术后患者应用基于IMB理论指导下的分级康复方案干预,可提高自我效能感及康复训练依从性,促进术后膝关节功能恢复。

基于跨理论模型的吞咽-饮食管理在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用

目的:探究跨理论模型为指导的吞咽一饮食管理对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的护理效果。方法:选取医院接受治疗的120例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组(62例)和对照组(58例)。其中观察组患者采用跨理论模型为指导的吞咽一饮食管理护理,对照组患者采用常规护理,对比两组患者的相关参数。结果:护理后,观察组患者的才滕氏吞咽障碍评分、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)子量表评分均高于对照组(P<0.001),洼田饮水试验评分低于对照组(P<0.001);护理后,观察组患者的营养指标血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)均高于对照组(P<0.001),三酰甘油(TG)水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。不良事件对比,观察组患者误吸、胃管反流、吸入性肺炎(SAP)的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者发音异常、脱水发生率差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。护理后第2、4周,观察组患者的卒中专门生存质量量表(SS-QOL)评分高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:跨理论模型为指导的吞咽-饮食管理可显著改善患者的吞咽功能、营养状态,降低其不良事件发生率,提高患者的自我效能以及生活质量,值得在临床护理中推广。

Decrease in Self-Efficacy for Exercise at 12 Weeks after Exercise Education in Diabetic Patients

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether self-efficacy for exercise decreased 12 weeks after educational intervention in diabetic patients and whether this had an effect on glycemic control. Thirty-eight diabetic patients underwent a 2-week educational program and were then followed for 12 weeks after discharge. The intervention program was delivered by several types of medical professionals. Lectures on exercise were given by a physical therapist, who tailored exercise instructions for individual patients. The assessment of self-efficacy for exercise was performed using a scale from a previous study, modified for Japanese people. The scale consisted of four sub-items: physical fatigue, mental stress, lack of time, and poor weather. Measurements were performed at the time of discharge and 12 weeks after discharge. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were assessed as an index of glycemic control, and diabetic status and social status factors were recorded. The physical fatigue and lack of time components of the self-efficacy for exercise scale were significantly decreased 12 weeks after discharge. Positive correlations were found between HbA1c levels at 12 weeks and duration of diabetes, number of educational admissions, and presence of diabetic retinopathy. The results suggest that the factors that are difficult to reproduce during hospital education (physical fatigue and lack of time) are the ones that decrease after discharge. To clarify the relationship between changes in self-efficacy for exercise and glycemic control, further studies with an extended follow-up period (24 weeks or 48 weeks) are needed.

The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Work Engagement on Healthcare Professionals’ Proactive Behavior

Job crafting (JC) is a form of proactive behavior and refers to the initiatives employees that could take to change their tasks or other job characteristics to achieve the best person-job fit. JC consists of six dimensions: seeking structural and social job resources, as well as challenges, hindering job demands, optimizing job demands, and delegating tasks. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of self-efficacy and work engagement on healthcare professionals’ (HP) proactive behavior. A convenience sample of 295 HP working in Primary and Secondary healthcare structures of Northern Greece completed a questionnaire that included: 1) demographic/occupational characteristics, 2) the Job Crafting Scale, 3) the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and 4) the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Increased age was found to be associated with decreased levels of seeking social job resources (p < 0.01). Education level was positively associated with increased levels of seeking structural job resources (p < 0.01), seeking challenges (p < 0.05), and optimizing job demands (p < 0.05), while job position was found to be negatively related to delegating tasks (p < 0.01). Self-efficacy was positively associated with increased levels of seeking structural resources (p < 0.001), challenges (p < 0.001), and increased levels of optimizing job demands (p < 0.001), while it was positively associated with decreased levels of delegating tasks (p < 0.05). In addition, increased work engagement was found to be associated with increased levels of seeking social job resources (p < 0.05), challenges (p < 0.01), and optimizing job demands (p < 0.01). Findings highlight the importance of self-efficacy, work engagement and individual characteristics in the realization of a resourceful work environment and HP’ adjustment in the organization. Thus, interventions that promote HP’ JC proactive behaviors should be encouraged.

A Survey of Correlation Infertility Self-Efficacy with Behavioral Health Scales in Infertile Women

Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between self-efficacy and health behaviors scales in infertile women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 infertile women with mild to moderate depression (Beck scores 10 - 47) who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center. All participants completed Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and other health behavioral scales (e.g., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fertility Problem Infertility (FPI), and GHQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Variables were included in the study if they had a p-value