Waterlogging risk assessment based on self-organizing map(SOM)artificial neural networks:a case study of an urban storm in Beijing

Due to rapid urbanization, waterlogging induced by torrential rainfall has become a global concern and a potential risk affecting urban habitant's safety. Widespread waterlogging disasters haveoccurred almost annuallyinthe urban area of Beijing, the capital of China. Based on a selforganizing map(SOM) artificial neural network(ANN), a graded waterlogging risk assessment was conducted on 56 low-lying points in Beijing, China. Social risk factors, such as Gross domestic product(GDP), population density, and traffic congestion, were utilized as input datasets in this study. The results indicate that SOM-ANNis suitable for automatically and quantitatively assessing risks associated with waterlogging. The greatest advantage of SOM-ANN in the assessment of waterlogging risk is that a priori knowledge about classification categories and assessment indicator weights is not needed. As a result, SOM-ANN can effectively overcome interference from subjective factors,producing classification results that are more objective and accurate. In this paper, the risk level of waterlogging in Beijing was divided into five grades. The points that were assigned risk grades of IV or Vwere located mainly in the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng, and Dongcheng.

Socio-Economic and Health Indicators’ Relation to Self-Assessed Health: A Case Study of Phai Tha Pho, Phichit Province, Thailand

Background: Self-assessed health (SAH) is used as a common method of sociology research to understand the implications of self-reported health and the link to social factors like education, income, and occupation. The paper explores the impact of socio-economic and health indicators on self-assessed health in the middle-aged to the senior population in a rural community in Thailand. Methods: Primary data were collected after conducting a randomized sampling for 100 people using direct interviews in two locations within the sub-district of Phai Tha Pho, Thailand. The target demographic was the middle-age to elderly population. A logit model was applied to the collected samples. Results: The study highlights that higher education, income, and sleep are high predictors for positive SAH while high blood sugar level has significant adverse effects on SAH. Detection of metabolic syndrome further indicates degraded overall health perception over time. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the relationship between socio-economic indicators and illnesses alongside individual SAH in rural Thailand. Accordingly, policies have been proposed that include targeted subsidies for healthy food alternatives, promoting work-rest balance at all levels, and an expansion of sub-district education up to secondary school. SAH can be performed regularly and expanded across communities including areas of low-income living due to its low implementation costs. It could also be used as a tool to support the government’s public health initiatives complementing the existing five-year direct health check-up programme. A comparative study of SAH across regions is recommended for future research.

Re-examining Geos Neighbourhood for Its Energy Self-sustained Ability Through Ecological Footprints, Net Energy, and Life Cycle Assessment Tools

There are mounting evidences that human consume significant quantities of resources and have a major impact on the environment. Some research indicates that since the 1980s human demands on the biosphere have exceeded its regen-errative capacity. One way to solve this problem is to minimize the inappropriate ex-ploitation from environment. This essay wil focus on energy self-sustained project, which is a specific way to reduce energy requirements. Energy self-sustained project refers to that energy production is equal to the amount consumed. Three concepts are quoted in the fol-lowing to assess whether the project achieve zero-energy or not. First, ecological footprint, which provides an indication of the human load on the biosphere, is uti-lized to measure the inputs and outputs of the bioregion, which is also beneficial for defining the potential energy. Another one is life cycle assessment, which evaluates environmental load that relates to the entire life periodic system of a product, is helpful to measure the products used in the energy self sustained project. In addi-tion, net energy, and gross resource abundance, definitions for selection, or hierar-chy of different energy resources, can evaluate the new energy resources in project. Geos Neighbourhood, located in colorado, was planned as the largest net-zero energy neighbourhood in the United States. To meet the energy self sustainability, earth and sun power completely sustain the community＇s energy needs, and re-place al fossil fuels. Compared with the traditional communities, Geos Neighbour-hood minimize the adverse impact on the environment. As tools for assessment, ecological footprint, life circle assessment, and net energy, are al used to analyse the planning and design principles in the neighbourhood. By the research, the de-sign principles and energy use in Geos Neighbourhood wil be re-examined that whether the zero energy project achieves the reduction of ecological footprint, and energy self sustainability. In addition, life circle assessment wil re-examine the ma-terials used in the community also. Final y, the concept of ＇net energy＇ wil test solar energy and earth power which is the major energy used in Geos Neighbour-hood.

Dilemmas and Optimization of Third-Party Assessment System in Chinese Fair Competition Review

The current predominant self-review mechanism by policy-making bodies suffers from deficiencies such as insufficient motivations, limited review capabilities, and weak external supervision. Third-party assessment, characterized by independence and specialization, is designed to mitigate these shortcomings. However, the implementation of third-party assessment faces challenges too. This paper intends to improve the third-party assessment system and to realize the legislative purpose of the system. Based on social research, discussions and exchanges with relevant parties, and the existing research results, this paper analyzes the challenges and possible optimization measures for the third-party assessment. The challenges include repulsion from policy-making bodies, insufficient independence of assessment bodies, disparity of assessment quality, and limited application of assessment outcomes. Possible optimization measures include promoting fair competition culture, increasing the acceptance of third-party assessment from policy-making bodies, enhancing the quality of third-party assessment, clarifying the relationship between policy-making bodies and assessment bodies, ensuring the independence of third-party assessments, and promoting the application of assessment results.

The Impact of Repeated Death Conference Participation on Nurses’ Terminal Care and Nursing in Death Conference Using the Death Conference Nursing Self-Assessment Sheet

Background: Increasing the number of DC (Death Conference) experiences, nurses are expected to improve the quality of nurses’ terminal care and developing nursing minds. Therefore, there is a need for further evidence on the impact of repeated DC experiences on nurses’ terminal care. Aim: This study aims to clarify the impact of repeated DC experiences on nurses’ terminal care and nursing in DC using the prepared Death Conference Nursing Self-Assessment Sheet. Method: The study is approved by the Ethics Review Board of St. Mary’s College, Chukyo Gakuin University, and the hospital where the survey was conducted. This study was an observational and cross-sectional study using an anonymous, self-completed questionnaire composed of the newly created Death Conference Nursing Self-Assessment Sheet. Its evaluation items in the Death Conference Nursing Self-Assessment sheet consist of four categories (Cooperation, Future direction of nursing, Specific measures for nursing, and Feeling of the nurse) and 14 questions. The questionnaires were conducted on 144 nurses in the ER, ICU, and Palliative Care Ward (Hospice Ward) in a general hospital in Japan. For analysis, JMP ver.14.2 was used to perform Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon/Mann Whitney test, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Thirty-four participants (23.6%) who answered the number of DC experiences were included in the final analysis. Seventeen nurses had DC experiences, and 17 had no experience. There were significant differences in all of the above categories impacting nurses’ terminal care and nursing in DC. Conclusion: Repeated DC affected nurses’ terminal care and nursing in DC using the Death Conference Nursing Self-Assessment Sheet. In the future, verification of the reliability, validity of the questionnaire, and more evidence of the way of terminal concerns by raising the quality of DC for developing nursing minds will be needed.

Development of a Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Nurses’ Risk-Taking Behavior in Medication

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior (RTB) in medication and to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire. Method: In the first study, a draft of the self-evaluation questionnaire for nurses’ RTB in medication was prepared based on the literature study and qualitative analysis of important case information included in the Project to Collect Medical Near-miss/Adverse Event Information Annual Report of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Following the studies, face validity was confirmed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for nurses who oversee medication nationwide to verify the reliability and validity. Result: The number of subjects was 586 (valid response rate: 94.1%). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 factors and 12 items for the RTBs in daily life and 4 factors and 20 items for RTBs in medication could be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the hypothetical model obtained by exploratory factor analysis. In addition, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.888. Thus, high reliability and validity were obtained. A correlation was found by comparing the total scores of each RTB factor with the incident/accident group, and a standard for self-evaluation value could be established (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We were able to develop a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior in medication. This questionnaire will be used by nurses to find out their trends.

Differences in Self-Assessment Regarding Eating Behaviors among Female University Students Living in Japan, Korea, and Austria

Objective: To investigate cross-cultural differences in self-assessments of eating behaviors of female university students who bear responsibility for their own eating behaviors and who will, in the future, likely determine a family’s eating style. Design: A cross-cultural comparison. Setting: Japan, South Korea, and Austria. Subjects: Female university students from Japan (n = 276), Korea (n = 103), and Austria (n = 127). The survey comprised a questionnaire containing ten sections about eating behaviors (eating habits, regular meal times, and frequency of food intake) and eating attitudes. Results: Eating behaviors and attitudes differed significantly among the three cultures. Japanese students practiced healthier eating behaviors than did Korean and Austrian students, on the basis of their variety of food intake and regular consumption of three meals, but rated themselves lower on healthy eating behaviors. Austrian students tended to have more independent attitudes toward eating and food preparation (e.g., “I want to eat only my favorite dishes”) than Japanese or Korean students. Conclusions: Effects of cultural differences in psychological processes, such as self-cognition, emotion, motivation, and values, on self-assessment of eating behaviors is suggested.

Assessment:Reconsider its Role in Teaching and Learning

Teaching emphasizes what teachers do;learning emphasizes what pupils understand.Assessment emphasizes what pupils can show they know.The purposes for assessment are:diagnosis,evaluation,guidance,grading:selection and prediction.Assessment has two main functions:summative assessment and formative assessment.Formative assessment is used in the development or improvement of educational process.It’s the assessment for learning.Summative assessment is used in decision-making at the end of a educational process.It’s the assessment of learning.Formative assessment enables teachers to gain detailed information on the difficulty for each student.Educational assessment should be best suited for its purpose for guiding the learning and teaching.Formative assessment should be high lightened and needs to be fixed in the teaching and learning process.\;

The Effective Implementation of Formative Assessment in College Students' Listening Class

The purpose of this assignment is to provide the features of formative assessment and discuss its impact on students' learning, especially in the area of listening improvement, as well as to provide possible suggestions for teachers to improve Chinese learners' learning under the present assessment system.

A study evaluating the effect of Educational Needs Assessment Tool (ENAT) focused patient education, on health outcomes in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Protocol of an ongoing study

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a patient education tool (the ENAT) on self efficacy, patient knowledge, health outcomes and its usability in practice. Background: The effectiveness and value of patient education in rheumatoid arthritis have been questioned. The ENAT was developed to help the nurses to provide more focused, individualized and relevant education. The psychometric properties of the ENAT have been assessed. Design: This study is a single blind randomized controlled trial using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The primary outcome is patient self efficacy. Secondary outcomes are physical function, psychological status, pain levels, social interaction and patient knowledge of disease. Methods: 130 RA patients will be randomized into an experimental (EG) or control group (CG). The EG patients will complete the ENAT prior to seeing a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) at weeks 0, 16 and 32. The CNS will use the ENAT as a template to meet patients perceived educational needs in addition to the usual care. The CG will receive their usual care from the CNS without the aid of the ENAT. To determine the ENAT’s usability, semi-structured quailtative interviews will take place with the practitioners and a sample of patients once they have completed the quantitative arm of the study. Results: The study commenced in April 2011 and the results are expected to be available after April 2013. Conclusions: It is hypothesized that nurses’ use of the ENAT will lead to increased patient self efficacy, and improved patient knowledge and health outcomes among the patients who used it. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the ENAT will be easy for staff and patients to use. Relevance to clinical practice: The ENAT was developed to assess the perceived educational needs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and thus help the nurses to provide more focused, individualised and relevant education.

The Acceptance and Use of Computer Based Assessment in Higher Education

Computer Based Assessment (CBA) is being a very popular method to evaluate students’ performance at the university level. This research aims to examine the constructs that affect students’ intention to use the CBA. The proposed model is based on previous technology models such as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (TAUT). The proposed CBA model is based on nine variables: Goal Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Computer Self Efficacy, Content, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Playfulness, and Behavioral Intention. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 546 participants who had used the computer based exam system at the University of Jordan. Results indicate that Perceived Playfulness has a direct effect on CBA use. Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Computer Self Efficacy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Content and Goal Expectancy have only indirect effects. The study concludes that a system is more likely to be used by students if it is playful and CBA is more likely to be playful when it is easy to use and useful. Finally, the studied acceptance model for computer based assessment explains approximately only 10% of the variance of behavioral intention to use CBA.

Self-assessed health and its aspects in the case of Mongolia

Self health assessment is a simple indicator that is widely used for measuring an individual’s perception of his or her overall health. Many studies have been conducted by way of showing which particular aspects should be included in health self assessment, especially in developed world. In the developing world, however, very few studies have examined self health assessment. The aim of this study was to identify particular aspects and associations in self health assessment and differences between subgroups in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The area sampling approach and Kish tables were used for selecting respondents. Total 500 respondents were surveyed by paper-based questionnaires. Spearman’s analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to show relations between variables. Sociodemographic status, such as age and gender, proved to be important in self health assessment. Other factors affecting self health assessment included the number of family members, daily life and lifestyles, social environment, community motivation, and utilization of health services. Women, the elderly, or people with less-than- normal access to information suffer from poor self-assessed health. People who are socially inactive and who have poor living conditions are less likely to use health care services and are likely to assess their health as “poor.” In order to reduce the poor self-assessed health status it is important to address disparities in socioeconomic factors, such as age, gender, employment, and residential area. In addition, more attention should be paid to community and health services, as well as to health promotion and empowerment activities, including income-generation activities. Further research is also needed, however, for better understanding of about the local people and their health-related issues.

The Use of Portfolio Assessment in College English Teaching

Faced with the problem of how to evaluate students' learning properly,many teachers begin to search for alternative assessments.Interest is growing in meaningful assessment and the use of portfolio assessment has become a good choice to improve both teaching and learning.In the article,the major principles and the approaches of portfolio assessment are explained.By analysing the benefits and limitations of portfolio assessment,the article concludes that despite the issues,portfolio assessment can contribute to the enhancement of students' learning and the improvement of teaching.

农村自建房安全风险识别与评估研究

该文采用风险评估理论对农村自建房安全风险进行了识别与评估,通过对2013年至2022年间97起倒塌事故的统计分析,总结出导致非自然灾害下房屋倒塌的主要危险因素,包括不合格建材、地基处理不当、设计不合理、施工质量问题、施工超载、违规操作、承重墙拆除、无资质施工队伍和缺乏监管等。采用故障树分析法构建了风险评估模型,并通过基本事件重要度计算识别关键倒塌因素,进而对评估指标体系进行了实例验证。研究提出了针对性的风险管理建议,以提升农村自建房的安全水平。

The Epidemiology of Self-Harm in the Romanian Juvenile Prison System: A Two-Year Cohort Study

Background: There is no extensive literature on social predictors of self-harm in the juvenile justice system, over the time of a prisoner’s sentence. Self-harm behavior displays a higher prevalence in prison, 11 to 14 times greater than in the general population. Our study extended the current research in self-harm by examining dynamic factors of self-harm in adolescents over their sentence in the Romanian juvenile prison system. Method: The present research examined longitudinal predictors of self-harm behaviors in 439 adolescent inmates (Mage = 16.21;5.2% female, 94.8% male), enrolled in prison during 2011-2012, following them for two years. A series of time-to-event analyses were applied to start from the time of the subject’s internment in the juvenile prison system. Results: Findings from the multivariate survival analyses show that adherence to self-harm conduct in prison was consistently influenced by family factors and prison contexts;although low ability to cope with frustration, sensitivity and emotion dysregulation also mattered. Keeping the other covariates invariant, serving a prison sentence in a closed regime reduces the probability of remaining free of self-harm events, increasing the monthly hazard of self-harm by a factor of 5.26 on average (HR = 5.26, 95% CI = 2.37 - 11.64) compared to the open regime. Conclusion: A greater focus on longitudinal studies may help improve the screening process and also follow the progress of each juvenile to warrant the efficacy of preventive programs in self-harm, according to their emerging needs.

轨道交通“网-源-储-车”协同供能技术体系

为降低轨道交通系统牵引能耗,轨道交通“网-源-储-车”协同供能技术通过可再生能源的就地消纳,构建新型协同供能技术体系,实现跨时空高效用能.针对此新型供电系统结构,本文全面分析协同供能系统的物理架构、信息架构和社会架构的基本组成及类型特征;在此基础上,围绕资产能源化的基本概念,总结“荷-源”时空匹配评估方法与优化技术,并从系统角度阐述多源融合技术、保护重构、弹性评估等重要技术体系;重点分析“网-源-储-车”协同的高效能与高弹性的能源自洽技术,并基于人工智能和信息技术构建多层级能量管控系统,实现不同能量流的高效耦合,保障系统安全稳定经济运行.本文系统性地总结了轨道交通“网-源-储-车”协同供能系统的架构特征、评估优化、安全运维及协同运行等关键技术,阐述协同供能系统的技术组成体系,为协同供能系统的工程实践提供相应参考.

家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷的开发与应用

目的:开发并应用家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷。方法:选取我国8469名已经或即将从事家庭医生工作的基层卫生机构医生为研究对象,采用自行开发的家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷对其进行调查。结果:基本医疗服务能力7项职责中,家庭医生具备承担常见病、多发病诊治职责能力的比例最高,为94.69%,社区康复服务和合理用药、用械职责能力的比例相对较高,分别为90.94%和90.75%。基层医生具备承担危急重症应急处置、医疗服务协同等职责能力的比例较低,分别为53.74%和56.68%。73.27%的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力得分≥4分,东、中、西部地区的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力得分≥4分者分别占73.72%、77.03%、67.49%。农村地区的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力得分≥4分者占74.62%,高于城市地区(70.63%)。全科医生基本医疗服务能力得分为7分者占比最高(27.48%),执业医师占比为19.99%。结论:本研究构建的家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷可行性和可靠性较高,家庭医生服务能力自我评估调查问卷的应用有利于识别基层医生服务能力短板,能够反映家庭医生实际能力水平,符合基层工作实际情况,城乡家庭医生和不同类别的家庭医生基本医疗服务能力存在差别。

The Research of Transmission Network Planning Based on System’s Self-organized Criticality

This paper presents a new line importance degree evaluation index for the propagation of cascading failures, which is used to quantify transmission lines for cascade spread. And propose an improved capital matching model, according to the results of the evaluation, to enhanced robustness of the power system. The simulation results proved that in the case of the same system, the new model can inhibit cascade spread, reduce the probability of large-scale blackouts.

新农科背景下无机与分析化学实验课程教学改革与实践

在高等农业院校中,无机与分析化学实验属于公共必修基础实验课程,学好这门课对学生后续课程的学习和科研训练起着至关重要的作用。随着社会飞速发展和新农科的建设,传统的教学无法满足现代高校人才培养的要求。文章分析了目前本课程在山西农业大学教学中存在的痛点问题,提出了有效的教学改革措施。经过不断地实践,取得了初步的成效,学生成绩明显上升。为实现本课程的知识、技能、素质目标提供有力的帮助,并提高了实验课的教学效果。

将创新创业教育融入本科神经病学课程的应用价值

目的研究将创新创业教育融入本科神经病学课程的应用价值。方法选取2022年9月—2023年4月佳木斯大学附属第一医院神经内科接收的神经病学专业本科实习生92名作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组和研究组,每组46名。对照组采取传统神经病学课程教育方式,研究组在对照组基础上加用创新创业教育方式。比较各组过程性考核、终末考核评分及自我创新能力。结果研究组过程考核评分、终末考核评分[(94.75±4.14)分、(115.26±5.35)分]均高于对照组[(81.23±5.61)分、(95.17±6.88)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。实训带教前,2组自我创新能力测试问卷评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实训带教后,研究组评分[(84.97±3.31)分]高于对照组[(79.25±3.74)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论将创新创业教育融入本科神经病学课程,有助于提高学生过程性考核、终末考核评分,进而增强其创新创业能力及自我创新能力。