Multipath Source Self Repair Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A multipath source self repair routing (MSSRR) algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks is proposed. By using multiple paths which can be repaired by themselves to transmit packets alternately, the network's load is balanced, the link state in the network can be checked in time, the number of the times the route discovery mechanism starts is decreased. If only one route which will be broken can be used to transmit the packets, the route discovery mechanism is restarted.The algorithm is implemented on the basis of dynamic source routing (DSR). The effect of MSSRR on lifetime of the access from the source to the destination and the overhead is discussed. Compared with the performance of DSR,it can be seen that the algorithm can improve the performance of the network obviously and the overhead almost does not increase if the average hop count is larger.

A Corpus-based Study on Self-repairs in Chinese EFL Learners' Spoken English

Self-repair mentioned in this paper actually refers to self-initiated same-turn self-repair,which comprises a particular set of repair strategies in which trouble source and repairing segments occur in the same turn and the repair is both initiated and performed by the speaker of trouble source. This study aims to study the self-repair behaviour of Chinese EFL learners based on the Spoken English Corpus of Chinese Learners as the observing corpus and the reference corpus SBNC. This study is mainly concerned with use frequency,distributions and structures of the selfrepair on the basis of a clear classification of the self-repair,aiming to find out whether there are significant differences in these three aspects of the self-repair between the Chinese EFL learners and the native speakers. Some implications and applications of the findings are also available for English teaching and learning in China.

Self-Repairing Membranes for Inflatable Structures Inspired by a Rapid Wound Sealing Process of Climbing Plants

A new self-repairing membrane for inflatable light weight structures such as rubber boats or Tensairity constructions is presented. Inspired by rapid self-sealing processes in plants, a thin soft cellular polyurethane foam coating is applied on the inside of a fabric substrate, which closes the fissure if the membrane is punctured with a spike. Experimental tests are carried out with a purpose built setup by measuring the air mass flow through a leak in a damaged membrane sample. It is shown that the weight per unit area of the self-repairing foam as well as the curing of the two component PU-foam under an overpressure influence the repair efficiency. Curing the foam under overpressure affects the relative density as well as the microstructure of the foam coatings. Maximal median repair efficiencies of 0.999 have been obtained with 0.16 g.cm 2 foam cured at 1 bar overpressure. These results suggest that the bio-inspired technique has the potential to extend the functional integrity of injured inflatable structures dramatically.

New robust fault-tolerant controller for self-repairing flight control systems

A new robust fault-tolerant controller scheme integrating a main controller and a compensator for the self-repairing flight control system is discussed.The main controller is designed for high performance of the original faultless system.The compensating controller can be seen as a standalone loop added to the system to compensate the effects of fault guaranteeing the stability of the system.A design method is proposed using nonlinear dynamic inverse control as the main controller and nonlinear extended state observer-based compensator.The stability of the whole closed-loop system is analyzed.Feasibility and validity of the new controller is demonstrated with an aircraft simulation example.

Friction-reducing,Anti-wear and Self-repairing Properties of Sulfonated Graphene

The friction reducing properties of sulfonated graphene as a lubricating additive were investigated using a four-ball machine tester with high carbon chromium bearing steels GCr15（SAE52100） friction pairs. The microscopic morphology, elemental composition, and self-repairing properties were observed and analyzed by using scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and digital microscopy. The relationships among sulfonated graphene ethanol solution concentration, friction coefficient, and abrasion loss were revealed. It was found that the optimal concentration of ethanol solution with the addition of sulfonated graphene was 0.15g/m L and the coefficient of friction was only 0.105 under certain condition. Then the stable chemical properties and good anti-corrosion properties of the metal-graphene layer were further confirmed using salt spray corrosion test. In summary, sulfonated graphene can be used as a new kind of self repairing additive, and it has excellent wear-resistant and self-repairing performances.

BOARD-LEVEL BUILT-IN SELF-REPAIR METHOD OF RAM

This paper describes the method of built-in self-repairing of RAM on board, designs hardware circuit, and logic for the RAM's faults self-repairing system based on FPGA. The key technology is that it utilizes FPGA to test RAM according to some algorithm to find out failure memory units and replace the faulty units with FPGA. Then it can build a memory that has no fault concern to external controller, and realizes the logic binding between external controller and RAM. Micro Controller Unit (MCU) can operate external RAM correctly even if RAM has some fault address units. Conventional MCS-51 is used to simulate the operation of MCU operating external memory. Simulation shows FPGA can complete the faulty address units' mapping and MCU can normally read and write external RAM. This design realizes the RAM's built-in self-repairing on board.

Elimination-Evolution Self-repair Method for Bio-inspired Electronic System

The existing self-repair methods,evolvable hardware and embryonic electronics( embryonics) are analyzed. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the existing self-repair methods,a novel self-repair method named elimination-evolution self-repair method is proposed. The system can be repaired through elimination in real time and evolved to optimize the allocation of system resources with this method. The proposed self-repair method not only ensures the speed of the system's self-repair,but also makes full use of system resources to improve the system's self-repair capacity and provides a new self-repair approach for bio-inspired electronic system. In the end,the advantages of the proposed eliminationevolution self-repair method are verified through a simulation experiment.

On the Survivability of Self-repairing Control System for a Hybrid Underwater Vehicle

A hybrid remotely operated underwater vehicle( HROV) capable of working to the full ocean depth has been developed. In order for the vehicle to achieve a certain survivability level,a self-repairing control system( SRCS) has been designed. It consists of two basic technologies,fault diagnosis and isolation( FDI) and reconfigurable control. For FDI,a model-based hierarchical fault diagnosis system is designed for the HROV. Then,control strategies which reconfigure the control system at intervals according to information from the FDI system are presented. Combining the two technologies,it can obtain the fundamental frame of SRCS for the HROV. Considering the hazardous underwater environment at the limiting depth and the hybrid operating modes,an assessment of the HROV's survivability is vitally needed before it enters operational service. This paper presents a new definition of survivability for underwater vehicles and develops a simple survivability model for the SRCS. As a result of survivability assessment for the SRCS,we are able to figure out the survivability of SRCS and make further optimization about it. The methodology developed herein is also applicable to other types of underwater vehicles.

The Crack Self-healing Properties of Cement-based Material with EVA Heat-melt Adhesive

An experimental program was carried out to investigate whether EVA （ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer） heat-melt adhesive can potentially act as a self-healing agent in cement-based material. The effects of incorporation of EVA and heating on the properties of mortar were studied. Self-healing capacity of EVA specimens was also verified. The experimental results show that the addition of EVA would not greatly affect original characteristics of the matrix when EVA content was less than 5%; the interface between EVA and cement matrix was well improved after heating, which allows a significant improvement in flexural strength and toughness of specimen; pre-damaged specimens in various degrees （30%, 50% and 70%） were effectively repaired by EVA and the repair efficiency all exceeded 100%.

Laparoscopic repair via the transabdominal preperitoneal procedure for bilateral lumbar hernia: Three cases report and review of literature

A lumbar hernia is a rare entity, and a bilateral lumbar hernia is much rarer. From May 2015 to October 2017, we treated only three patients with bilateral lumbar hernias. One patient came to the hospital presenting with right-sided abdominal pain, and the other two patients presented with bilateral lumbar masses. The previous bilateral lumbar hernia reported in the literature was repaired by open surgery. The laparoscopic approach via the transabdominal preperitoneal(TAPP) procedure with the self-gripping Parietex ProG rip? mesh was performed at our center. The laparoscopic repair was conducted by a skilled hernia surgeon, and was successfully performed in the three patients. The patients resumed a semiliquid diet and had no activity restriction after six hours following the operation. No antibiotics were used after the surgery. The operative times of the three patients were 120 min, 85 min, and 130 min. The blood loss volumes of the three patients were 20 mL, 5 mL, and 5 mL. The visual analogue scale pain scores of the three patients were 1, 2, and 2 on postoperative day 1, and were 1, 2, and 1 on postoperative day 3. No perioperative complications, such as bulge, wound infection and hematoma, occurred after the surgery. All of the patients were discharged on the third day after the operation. There was no chronic pain and no hernia recurrence during the follow-up. This study showed that the laparoscopic TAPP approach with the self-gripping mesh is safe and feasible, and can be considered an alternative method for the treatment of bilateral lumbar hernias.

水工混凝土矿化微生物固载及自修复试验研究

直接内掺方式制备微生物自修复混凝土会因拌合的机械挤压摩擦、生存环境受限等因素影响矿化微生物的长期活性。本文选择巴氏芽孢杆菌为矿化微生物,以膨胀珍珠岩和陶粒为微生物载体,以水泥浆和偏高岭土浆液为载体包覆材料,通过试验优选有助于微生物释放和保护的载体及其合理粒径、包覆材料,并研究微生物固载对裂缝自修复效果的影响。结果表明:掺入定量的膨胀珍珠岩的水工混凝土试样劈裂裂缝处拉裂面积比更大,作为水工混凝土微生物固载材料时较陶粒更能有效释放矿化微生物;偏高岭土浆液较水泥浆更适合作为载体的包覆材料,其包覆的微生物14 d存活率为86.63%,有效保证了固载微生物的长期活性;对微生物进行膨胀珍珠岩固载和偏高岭土浆液包覆,修复养护90d裂缝最大修复宽度为0.616mm,高于直接内掺的0.453mm,有效改善了混凝土试件的裂缝自修复效果。

适宜水工混凝土内环境的矿化微生物梯度驯化优选

水工混凝土内部高碱性环境限制了微生物混凝土的自修复效能。利用梯度驯化方法可提高矿化微生物对高碱度的耐受性,优选出适宜混凝土孔隙内环境并具备高诱导矿化沉积能力的增强嗜碱型微生物。首先,在实验室高碱性环境下,对比巨大、科氏、枯草、巴氏等4种芽孢杆菌的活性及诱导矿化沉积量,初选耐碱性较好的微生物并对其开展耐碱性梯度驯化;随后,综合分析驯化微生物对混凝土力学性能、吸水性、渗透性和自愈能力的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对矿化产物微观形态和组成进行分析。结果表明:相较于巨大、科氏和枯草芽孢杆菌,巴氏芽孢杆菌在高碱性条件下表现出更强的活性,梯度驯化技术可进一步提高巴氏芽孢杆菌在高碱性环境中的活性,并证实通过该方法增强的耐碱性具有后代保留的特性;与掺未驯化微生物组试样相比,掺驯化微生物混凝土试样养护28 d的抗压强度提高了16.59%,吸水系数降低了37.74%,渗透系数减小了19.22%;掺驯化微生物混凝土试样的裂缝自修复试验得到裂缝最大修复宽度为0.57 mm,超过了未驯化微生物组的0.44 mm。本研究为基于微生物诱导矿化沉积技术的微生物水工混凝土研发和应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。

可自修复海藻酸基离子凝胶的制备及性能

为了解决传统人工合成高分子基离子凝胶难降解、成本高、环境污染等问题,本文以天然高分子—海藻酸为聚合物基体,通过在离子液体中对其进行化学接枝改性和交联反应,设计并制备了一种具有自修复性能的化学交联型生物基离子凝胶。流变测试结果表明,该离子凝胶的模量随着海藻酸和交联剂含量的增加而升高,且在150℃的高温下离子凝胶依然可以保持凝胶结构。所制备的离子凝胶具有优异的压缩性能,压缩强度随着海藻酸含量的增加而增加,压缩强度可达1.02 MPa。电化学测试结果表明,离子凝胶具有良好的导电性能,其室温离子电导率都高于0.3 mS/cm。重要的是,离子凝胶在室温下无需任何辅助手段可在6 h完全自修复,表现出良好的自修复性。该研究为开发具有自修复性的高性能生物基离子凝胶提供了有效途径。

建筑装饰材料智能修复涂层制备方法探析

随着社会经济的发展,建筑装饰材料的使用不可或缺,其长久性和稳定性受自然环境腐蚀的考验。施加涂层是有效的防腐手段,解决自修复涂层稳定性和长久性的问题也是防腐科学研究和实际应用的前沿。综述了几种常见的自修复涂层的制备及防腐机制:外援型自修复涂层,在涂料中添加含成膜物质/缓蚀剂的微胶囊,当涂层受到机械冲击后胶囊随之破裂并释放成膜物质/缓蚀剂,形成保护膜或抑制电化学反应保护金属基底;本征型自修复涂层,其涂层基质对环境因素敏感,在环境刺激下通过恢复涂层基质聚合物网络中内在化学键和/或物理构象而修复涂层,其主要包括动态键型和形状记忆型自修复涂层;多重自修复涂层,通过将含有成膜剂/缓蚀剂的微胶囊掺进可恢复涂层基质聚合物中,使其兼顾外援型和本征型自修复涂层的性能。总的来说,自修复涂层的防腐机制主要是通过在涂层中添加缓蚀剂/成膜物质或使涂层恢复活性来抑制涂层下的金属电化学腐蚀,目前建筑装饰用的自修复防腐涂层已逐步应用到建筑防腐工程中,但仍需要在多个方面进行更加深入的研究,多重自修复涂层是未来自修复涂层研究和应用发展的方向,其长效稳定性及制备工艺是主要的科学问题。

双芯微胶囊法自修复混凝土冻融试验研究

寒区水工混凝土长时间遭受冻融破坏和水流冲刷会形成联合破坏,修复难度较大、成本高、效果不理想,最终影响工程安全运行,而微胶囊自修复技术可实现混凝土自我修复。通过以E51型环氧树脂为内芯材,以固化剂PETMA为外芯材,以尿素和甲醛制备的脲醛树脂为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备出双芯微胶囊,研究结果表明:双芯微胶囊呈球状,粒径分布在40μm左右,表面饱满圆润,芯材含量为24.3%,包覆率为48.6%,热稳定性较好;混凝土在掺入双芯微胶囊后,在受到冻融破坏时能及时破裂,并释放出修复剂和固化剂对混凝土进行修复,混凝土抗冻等级也有效提高,最大可提高38.5%;双芯微胶囊掺量阈值为3%,掺量超过阈值后,修复效果会减弱。

采动含水层生态功能修复:概念内涵、理论与技术框架

针对我国保水采煤研究现状及煤矿区采损生态修复的技术需求,提出应开展采动含水层生态功能修复研究,并将其纳入绿色开采技术体系中。在充分阐述采动含水层生态功能修复概念与内涵的基础上,构建了以采动含水层失水流动规律及水径流阻隔关键技术为主的理论与技术框架,分析了当前相关研究进展与未来攻关方向。含水层的损伤失水与生态功能退化本质源于采煤引起的岩层运动与裂隙发育,应在充分掌握含水层失水机制与规律的基础上对其开展生态功能修复理论与技术研究。深入揭示含水层失水路径分布与水流动力耗散规律,将失水流量集中分布的采动影响区作为重点修复的靶区,合理运用“边采边修”、“采后再修”等方式实施水流通道封堵与修复。同时,应充分利用采动岩体裂隙自修复机制及其引起的含水层自恢复效应,开展采动含水层生态功能引导修复研究与实践;基于水-气-岩相互作用产生化学沉淀促进导水裂隙自修复的降渗机理,提出了向含水层下方裂隙岩体中灌注可与地下水产生化学沉淀的修复试剂,以诱导沉淀物在裂隙中吸附-固结并封堵通道的含水层生态功能修复技术路径。在此基础上,阐述了利用铁/钙质化学沉淀进行导水裂隙修复降渗的研究现状,提出未来应重点研究形成利于不同类型导水通道高效封堵的化学沉淀诱导生成对策。研究可望为西北部生态脆弱矿区煤炭开采地下水保护与生态修复提供参考。

基于自注意力机制神经机器翻译的软件缺陷自动修复方法

循环神经网络对于代码序列数据有着良好的处理能力,软件缺陷修复的补丁生成模型大多采用循环神经网络实现.然而,基于循环神经网络的补丁生成模型在处理代码序列中长距离依赖问题时仍然具有局限性,其修复成功率和修复效率较低.针对此问题,提出一种基于自注意力神经机器翻译的软件缺陷自动修复方法(Self-attention Neural machine translation based automatic software Repair,SNRepair).首先,为有效缓解源码中的未登录词问题,对数据集引入子词切分技术进行预处理;其次,为解决源代码中棘手的长距离依赖问题并更充分地利用局部信息,构建融合局部建模的Transformer程序补丁生成模型;然后,采用缺陷自动定位技术定位缺陷语句位置,利用参数优化后的Transformer补丁生成模型生成候选补丁;最后,运行测试用例验证候选补丁.在具有395个真实Java软件缺陷的Defects4J缺陷库上实验评估,结果表明SNRepair方法与对比方法比较,修复成功率和修复效率更高.

一种基于亚胺键的兼具阻尼和自修复性能的聚氨酯材料

以乙二胺和水杨醛为原料,合成了具有双亚胺键结构的芳香类化合物乙二胺席夫碱(ESS),红外光谱和核磁对其结构进行了表征,证明该化合物成功合成。然后以ESS为扩链剂制备了聚氨酯(EPU),采用红外光谱分析了其结构组成,热失重分析和动态力学热分析研究了聚氨酯的热稳定性及阻尼性能,利用力学性能测试及光学显微观察对自修复性能进行表征,分析了亚胺键以及不同添加比例对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明,EPU的有效阻尼温域可达到-5~100℃。根据时温等效原理,有效频率范围可以外推至0.1~103Hz,表现出优异的阻尼性能。EPU具有优异的力学性能,拉伸强度为11.97~16.89 MPa,断裂伸长率为726%~498%。同时EPU在温和的刺激条件下表现出良好的自修复性能,40℃修复12 h,可恢复87.9%的力学性能。60℃修复5 min,表面划痕可以愈合,在酸性条件下,EPU的修复能力更好。

随机地震下耗能构件关键参数对自复位桥墩地震响应的影响

自复位桥墩具有能够在震后快速恢复桥梁的使用功能。为了得到不同参数下耗能构件对于自复位桥墩地震响应指标的影响,取8度区的高速铁路双线简支箱梁桥作为研究对象,从Peer数据库中筛选出具有随机特征的40条地震波对有限元模型进行非线性时程分析,通过假设检验的统计学方法得到地震响应指标的分布规律和具有95%保证率的桥墩地震响应指标上界值。研究结果表明:在随机地震作用下,自复位桥墩各地震响应指标均服从正态分布;自复位桥墩在地震过程中具有较小的残余位移,随着耗能构件初始刚度和屈服力增加,墩顶最大位移逐渐减小,混凝土压应变和钢筋拉应变逐渐增大;在考虑地震随机性基础上,提出基于概率保证率的自复位桥梁耗能构件初始刚度和屈服力的合理取值范围,可为合理设置自复位桥墩耗能构件关键参数提供参考。

自修复轮胎的全自动3D打印成型及性能研究

设计一种自修复轮胎的全自动3D打印成型设备及其工艺,设备主体结构包括热喂料挤出机、齿轮泵滤胶机及全自动涂覆设备3个部分,能够实现乘用车轮胎的自修复密封胶全自动涂覆成型。试验结果表明:涂覆成型的自修复轮胎扎钉拔出后的耐久性能和高速性能符合国家标准要求,轮胎具备足够的自修复能力;涂覆成型的自修复轮胎的滚动阻力与同规格普通轮胎相当。