Generalized Self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithms

In order to solve the problem between searching performance and convergence of genetic algorithms, a fast genetic algorithm generalized self-adaptive genetic algorithm (GSAGA) is presented. (1) Evenly distributed initial population is generated. (2) Superior individuals are not broken because of crossover and mutation operation for they are sent to subgeneration directly. (3) High quality im- migrants are introduced according to the condition of the population schema. (4) Crossover and mutation are operated on self-adaptation. Therefore, GSAGA solves the coordination problem between convergence and searching performance. In GSAGA, the searching per- formance and global convergence are greatly improved compared with many existing genetic algorithms. Through simulation, the val- idity of this modified genetic algorithm is proved.

Fuzzy inference system using genetic algorithm and pattern search for predicting roof fall rate in underground coal mines

One of the most dangerous safety hazard in underground coal mines is roof falls during retreat mining.Roof falls may cause life-threatening and non-fatal injuries to miners and impede mining and transportation operations.As a result,a reliable roof fall prediction model is essential to tackle such challenges.Different parameters that substantially impact roof falls are ill-defined and intangible,making this an uncertain and challenging research issue.The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health assembled a national database of roof performance from 37 coal mines to explore the factors contributing to roof falls.Data acquired for 37 mines is limited due to several restrictions,which increased the likelihood of incompleteness.Fuzzy logic is a technique for coping with ambiguity,incompleteness,and uncertainty.Therefore,In this paper,the fuzzy inference method is presented,which employs a genetic algorithm to create fuzzy rules based on 109 records of roof fall data and pattern search to refine the membership functions of parameters.The performance of the deployed model is evaluated using statistical measures such as the Root-Mean-Square Error,Mean-Absolute-Error,and coefficient of determination(R_(2)).Based on these criteria,the suggested model outperforms the existing models to precisely predict roof fall rates using fewer fuzzy rules.

SFGA-CPA: A Novel Screening Correlation Power Analysis Framework Based on Genetic Algorithm

Correlation power analysis(CPA)combined with genetic algorithms(GA)now achieves greater attack efficiency and can recover all subkeys simultaneously.However,two issues in GA-based CPA still need to be addressed:key degeneration and slow evolution within populations.These challenges significantly hinder key recovery efforts.This paper proposes a screening correlation power analysis framework combined with a genetic algorithm,named SFGA-CPA,to address these issues.SFGA-CPA introduces three operations designed to exploit CPA characteris-tics:propagative operation,constrained crossover,and constrained mutation.Firstly,the propagative operation accelerates population evolution by maximizing the number of correct bytes in each individual.Secondly,the constrained crossover and mutation operations effectively address key degeneration by preventing the compromise of correct bytes.Finally,an intelligent search method is proposed to identify optimal parameters,further improving attack efficiency.Experiments were conducted on both simulated environments and real power traces collected from the SAKURA-G platform.In the case of simulation,SFGA-CPA reduces the number of traces by 27.3%and 60%compared to CPA based on multiple screening methods(MS-CPA)and CPA based on simple GA method(SGA-CPA)when the success rate reaches 90%.Moreover,real experimental results on the SAKURA-G platform demonstrate that our approach outperforms other methods.

MOALG: A Metaheuristic Hybrid of Multi-Objective Ant Lion Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm for Solving Design Problems

This study proposes a hybridization of two efficient algorithm’s Multi-objective Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm(MOALO)which is a multi-objective enhanced version of the Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm(ALO)and the Genetic Algorithm(GA).MOALO version has been employed to address those problems containing many objectives and an archive has been employed for retaining the non-dominated solutions.The uniqueness of the hybrid is that the operators like mutation and crossover of GA are employed in the archive to update the solutions and later those solutions go through the process of MOALO.A first-time hybrid of these algorithms is employed to solve multi-objective problems.The hybrid algorithm overcomes the limitation of ALO of getting caught in the local optimum and the requirement of more computational effort to converge GA.To evaluate the hybridized algorithm’s performance,a set of constrained,unconstrained test problems and engineering design problems were employed and compared with five well-known computational algorithms-MOALO,Multi-objective Crystal Structure Algorithm(MOCryStAl),Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO),Multi-objective Multiverse Optimization Algorithm(MOMVO),Multi-objective Salp Swarm Algorithm(MSSA).The outcomes of five performance metrics are statistically analyzed and the most efficient Pareto fronts comparison has been obtained.The proposed hybrid surpasses MOALO based on the results of hypervolume(HV),Spread,and Spacing.So primary objective of developing this hybrid approach has been achieved successfully.The proposed approach demonstrates superior performance on the test functions,showcasing robust convergence and comprehensive coverage that surpasses other existing algorithms.

Surface wave inversion with unknown number of soil layers based on a hybrid learning procedure of deep learning and genetic algorithm

Surface wave inversion is a key step in the application of surface waves to soil velocity profiling.Currently,a common practice for the process of inversion is that the number of soil layers is assumed to be known before using heuristic search algorithms to compute the shear wave velocity profile or the number of soil layers is considered as an optimization variable.However,an improper selection of the number of layers may lead to an incorrect shear wave velocity profile.In this study,a deep learning and genetic algorithm hybrid learning procedure is proposed to perform the surface wave inversion without the need to assume the number of soil layers.First,a deep neural network is adapted to learn from a large number of synthetic dispersion curves for inferring the layer number.Then,the shear-wave velocity profile is determined by a genetic algorithm with the known layer number.By applying this procedure to both simulated and real-world cases,the results indicate that the proposed method is reliable and efficient for surface wave inversion.

Optimization of magnetic field design for Hall thrusters based on a genetic algorithm

Magnetic field design is essential for the operation of Hall thrusters.This study focuses on utilizing a genetic algorithm to optimize the magnetic field configuration of SPT70.A 2D hybrid PIC-DSMC and channel-wall erosion model are employed to analyze the plume divergence angle and wall erosion rate,while a Farady probe measurement and laser profilometry system are set up to verify the simulation results.The results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm contributes to reducing the divergence angle of the thruster plumes and alleviating the impact of high-energy particles on the discharge channel wall,reducing the erosion by 5.5%and 2.7%,respectively.Further analysis indicates that the change from a divergent magnetic field to a convergent magnetic field,combined with the upstream shift of the ionization region,contributes to the improving the operation of the Hall thruster.

Solar Radiation Estimation Based on a New Combined Approach of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) in South Algeria

When designing solar systems and assessing the effectiveness of their many uses,estimating sun irradiance is a crucial first step.This study examined three approaches(ANN,GA-ANN,and ANFIS)for estimating daily global solar radiation(GSR)in the south of Algeria:Adrar,Ouargla,and Bechar.The proposed hybrid GA-ANN model,based on genetic algorithm-based optimization,was developed to improve the ANN model.The GA-ANN and ANFIS models performed better than the standalone ANN-based model,with GA-ANN being better suited for forecasting in all sites,and it performed the best with the best values in the testing phase of Coefficient of Determination(R=0.9005),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE=8.40%),and Relative Root Mean Square Error(rRMSE=12.56%).Nevertheless,the ANFIS model outperformed the GA-ANN model in forecasting daily GSR,with the best values of indicators when testing the model being R=0.9374,MAPE=7.78%,and rRMSE=10.54%.Generally,we may conclude that the initial ANN stand-alone model performance when forecasting solar radiation has been improved,and the results obtained after injecting the genetic algorithm into the ANN to optimize its weights were satisfactory.The model can be used to forecast daily GSR in dry climates and other climates and may also be helpful in selecting solar energy system installations and sizes.

Appropriate Combination of Crossover Operator and Mutation Operator in Genetic Algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithms(GAs)are very good metaheuristic algorithms that are suitable for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.AsimpleGAbeginswith a set of solutions represented by a population of chromosomes and then uses the idea of survival of the fittest in the selection process to select some fitter chromosomes.It uses a crossover operator to create better offspring chromosomes and thus,converges the population.Also,it uses a mutation operator to explore the unexplored areas by the crossover operator,and thus,diversifies the GA search space.A combination of crossover and mutation operators makes the GA search strong enough to reach the optimal solution.However,appropriate selection and combination of crossover operator and mutation operator can lead to a very good GA for solving an optimization problem.In this present paper,we aim to study the benchmark traveling salesman problem(TSP).We developed several genetic algorithms using seven crossover operators and six mutation operators for the TSP and then compared them to some benchmark TSPLIB instances.The experimental studies show the effectiveness of the combination of a comprehensive sequential constructive crossover operator and insertion mutation operator for the problem.The GA using the comprehensive sequential constructive crossover with insertion mutation could find average solutions whose average percentage of excesses from the best-known solutions are between 0.22 and 14.94 for our experimented problem instances.

New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

Side lobe level reduction(SLL)of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service(QOS)in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to 7G.Furthermore,it improves the array gain and directivity,increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar systems.This study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction techniques.These techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm(GA)to develop the Conv/GA andDConv/GA,respectively.The convolution process determines the element’s excitations while the GA optimizes the element spacing.For M elements linear antenna array(LAA),the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N=(2M−1).This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations,even excitations,and middle excitations of lengths M,M−1,andM,respectively.When the same element spacing as the original LAA is used,it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with amuch wider half-power beamwidth(HPBW).While the middle excitations give the same HPBWas the original LAA with a relatively higher SLL.Tomitigate the increased HPBWof the odd and even excitations,the element spacing is optimized using the GA.Thereby,the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the SLL.Furthermore,for extreme SLL reduction,the DConv/GA is introduced.In this technique,the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation vectors.It provides a relatively wider HPBWthan the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL.

Self-adaptive PID controller of microwave drying rotary device tuning on-line by genetic algorithms

The control design, based on self-adaptive PID with genetic algorithms(GA) tuning on-line was investigated, for the temperature control of industrial microwave drying rotary device with the multi-layer(IMDRDWM) and with multivariable nonlinear interaction of microwave and materials. The conventional PID control strategy incorporated with optimization GA was put forward to maintain the optimum drying temperature in order to keep the moisture content below 1%, whose adaptation ability included the cost function of optimization GA according to the output change. Simulations on five different industrial process models and practical temperature process control system for selenium-enriched slag drying intensively by using IMDRDWM were carried out systematically, indicating the reliability and effectiveness of control design. The parameters of proposed control design are all on-line implemented without iterative predictive calculations, and the closed-loop system stability is guaranteed, which makes the developed scheme simpler in its synthesis and application, providing the practical guidelines for the control implementation and the parameter design.

Self-adaptive Bat Algorithm With Genetic Operations

Swarm intelligence in a bat algorithm(BA)provides social learning.Genetic operations for reproducing individuals in a genetic algorithm(GA)offer global search ability in solving complex optimization problems.Their integration provides an opportunity for improved search performance.However,existing studies adopt only one genetic operation of GA,or design hybrid algorithms that divide the overall population into multiple subpopulations that evolve in parallel with limited interactions only.Differing from them,this work proposes an improved self-adaptive bat algorithm with genetic operations(SBAGO)where GA and BA are combined in a highly integrated way.Specifically,SBAGO performs their genetic operations of GA on previous search information of BA solutions to produce new exemplars that are of high-diversity and high-quality.Guided by these exemplars,SBAGO improves both BA’s efficiency and global search capability.We evaluate this approach by using 29 widely-adopted problems from four test suites.SBAGO is also evaluated by a real-life optimization problem in mobile edge computing systems.Experimental results show that SBAGO outperforms its widely-used and recently proposed peers in terms of effectiveness,search accuracy,local optima avoidance,and robustness.

A Self-Adaptive Quantum Genetic Algorithm for Network Flow Vehicle Scheduling Problem

Bicycle sharing scheduling is a complex mathematical optimization problem, and it is challenging to design a general algorithm to solve it well due to the uncertainty of its influencing factors. This paper creatively establishes a new mathematical model to determine the appropriate number of vehicles to be placed at each placement point by calculating the traffic weights of the placement points and optimizes the hyperparameters in the algorithm by adaptive quantum genetic algorithm, and at the same time combines the network flow algorithm in graph theory to calculate the most suitable scheduling scheme for shared bicycles by establishing the minimum cost maximum flow network. Through experimental validation, the network flow-based algorithm proposed in this paper allows for a more convenient calculation of the daily bike-sharing scheduling scheme compared to previous algorithms. An adaptive quantum genetic algorithm optimizes the hyperparameters appearing in the algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm achieves good results as the transportation cost is only 1/15th of the GA algorithm and 1/9th of the QGA algorithm.

LociScan,a tool for screening genetic marker combinations for plant variety discrimination

To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening model based on the genetic algorithm(GA)and implemented in a software tool,Loci Scan.Ratio-based variety discrimination power provided the largest optimization space among multiple fitness functions.Among GA parameters,an increase in population size and generation number enlarged optimization depth but also calculation workload.Exhaustive algorithm afforded the same optimization depth as GA but vastly increased calculation time.In comparison with two other software tools,Loci Scan accommodated missing data,reduced calculation time,and offered more fitness functions.In large datasets,the sample size of training data exerted the strongest influence on calculation time,whereas the marker size of training data showed no effect,and target marker number had limited effect on analysis speed.

Intelligent Design of High Strength and High Conductivity Copper Alloys Using Machine Learning Assisted by Genetic Algor

Metallic alloys for a given application are usually designed to achieve the desired properties by devising experimentsbased on experience, thermodynamic and kinetic principles, and various modeling and simulation exercises.However, the influence of process parameters and material properties is often non-linear and non-colligative. Inrecent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool to dealwith the complex interrelation betweencomposition, properties, and process parameters to facilitate accelerated discovery and development of new alloysand functionalities. In this study, we adopt an ML-based approach, coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) principles,to design novel copper alloys for achieving seemingly contradictory targets of high strength and high electricalconductivity. Initially, we establish a correlation between the alloy composition (binary to multi-component) andthe target properties, namely, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Catboost, an ML model coupledwith GA, was used for this task. The accuracy of the model was above 93.5%. Next, for obtaining the optimizedcompositions the outputs fromthe initial model were refined by combining the concepts of data augmentation andPareto front. Finally, the ultimate objective of predicting the target composition that would deliver the desired rangeof properties was achieved by developing an advancedMLmodel through data segregation and data augmentation.To examine the reliability of this model, results were rigorously compared and verified using several independentdata reported in the literature. This comparison substantiates that the results predicted by our model regarding thevariation of conductivity and evolution ofmicrostructure and mechanical properties with composition are in goodagreement with the reports published in the literature.

Design of S-band photoinjector with high bunch charge and low emittance based on multi-objective genetic algorithm

High-brightness electron beams are required to drive LINAC-based free-electron lasers(FELs)and storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation light sources.The bunch charge and RMS bunch length at the exit of the LINAC play a crucial role in the peak current;the minimum transverse emittance is mainly determined by the injector of the LINAC.Thus,a photoin-jector with a high bunch charge and low emittance that can simultaneously provide high-quality beams for 4th generation synchrotron radiation sources and FELs is desirable.The design of a 1.6-cell S-band 2998-MHz RF gun and beam dynamics optimization of a relevant beamline are presented in this paper.Beam dynamics simulations were performed by combining ASTRA and the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA II.The effects of the laser pulse shape,half-cell length of the RF gun,and RF parameters on the output beam quality were analyzed and compared.The normalized transverse emittance was optimized to be as low as 0.65 and 0.92 mm·mrad when the bunch charge was as high as 1 and 2 nC,respectively.Finally,the beam stability properties of the photoinjector,considering misalignment and RF jitter,were simulated and analyzed.

Genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation neural network establishes a diagnostic prediction model for diabetic nephropathy:Combined machine learning and experimental validation in mice

Background:Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide.Diagnostic biomarkers may allow early diagnosis and treatment of DN to reduce the prevalence and delay the development of DN.Kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing DN;however,its invasive character is its primary limitation.The machine learning approach provides a non-invasive and specific criterion for diagnosing DN,although traditional machine learning algorithms need to be improved to enhance diagnostic performance.Methods:We applied high-throughput RNA sequencing to obtain the genes related to DN tubular tissues and normal tubular tissues of mice.Then machine learning algorithms,random forest,LASSO logistic regression,and principal component analysis were used to identify key genes(CES1G,CYP4A14,NDUFA4,ABCC4,ACE).Then,the genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation neural network(GA-BPNN)was used to improve the DN diagnostic model.Results:The AUC value of the GA-BPNN model in the training dataset was 0.83,and the AUC value of the model in the validation dataset was 0.81,while the AUC values of the SVM model in the training dataset and external validation dataset were 0.756 and 0.650,respectively.Thus,this GA-BPNN gave better values than the traditional SVM model.This diagnosis model may aim for personalized diagnosis and treatment of patients with DN.Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed that the tissue and cell expression of NADH dehydrogenase(ubiquinone)1 alpha subcomplex,4-like 2(NDUFA4L2)in tubular tissue in DN mice were decreased.Conclusion:The GA-BPNN model has better accuracy than the traditional SVM model and may provide an effective tool for diagnosing DN.

Optimization of Charging/Battery-Swap Station Location of Electric Vehicles with an Improved Genetic Algorithm-Based Model

The joint location planning of charging/battery-swap facilities for electric vehicles is a complex problem.Considering the differences between these two modes of power replenishment,we constructed a joint location-planning model to minimize construction and operation costs,user costs,and user satisfaction-related penalty costs.We designed an improved genetic algorithm that changes the crossover rate using the fitness value,memorizes,and transfers excellent genes.In addition,the present model addresses the problem of“premature convergence”in conventional genetic algorithms.A simulated example revealed that our proposed model could provide a basis for optimized location planning of charging/battery-swapping facilities at different levels under different charging modes with an improved computing efficiency.The example also proved that meeting more demand for power supply of electric vehicles does not necessarily mean increasing the sites of charging/battery-swap stations.Instead,optimizing the level and location planning of charging/battery-swap stations can maximize the investment profit.The proposed model can provide a reference for the government and enterprises to better plan the location of charging/battery-swap facilities.Hence,it is of both theoretical and practical value.

Speed Regulation Method Using Genetic Algorithm for Dual Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Dual three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(DTP-PMSM)is a nonlinear,strongly coupled,high-order multivariable system.In today’s application scenarios,it is difficult for traditional PI controllers to meet the requirements of fast response,high accuracy and good robustness.In order to improve the performance of DTP-PMSM speed regulation system,a control strategy of PI controller based on genetic algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the basic mathematical model of DTP-PMSM is established,and the PI parameters of DTP-PMSM speed regulation system are optimized by genetic algorithm,and the modeling and simulation experiments of DTP-PMSM control system are carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK.The simulation results show that,compared with the traditional PI control,the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance of the control system,and the speed output overshoot of the GA-PI speed control system is smaller.The anti-interference ability is stronger,and the torque and double three-phase current output fluctuations are smaller.

Ship Weather Routing Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Under Complicated Sea Conditions

Considering the effects of increased economic globalization and global warming,developing methods for reducing shipping costs and greenhouse gas emissions in ocean transportation has become crucial.Owing to its key role in modern navigation technology,ship weather routing is the research focus of several scholars in this field.This study presents a hybrid genetic algorithm for the design of an optimal ship route for safe transoceanic navigation under complicated sea conditions.On the basis of the basic genetic algorithm,simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to enhance its local search ability and avoid premature convergence,with the ship’s voyage time and fuel consumption as optimization goals.Then,a mathematical model of ship weather routing is developed based on the grid system.A measure of fitness calibration is proposed,which can change the selection pressure of the algorithm as the population evolves.In addition,a hybrid crossover operator is proposed to enhance the ability to find the optimal solution and accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm.Finally,a multi-population technique is applied to improve the robustness of the algorithm using different evolutionary strategies.

Neutrosophic Adaptive Clustering Optimization in Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Cubic Assignment Problem

In optimization theory,the adaptive control of the optimization process is an important goal that people pursue.To solve this problem,this study introduces the idea of neutrosophic decision-making into classical heuristic algorithm,and proposes a novel neutrosophic adaptive clustering optimization thought,which is applied in a novel neutrosophic genetic algorithm(NGA),for example.The main feature of NGA is that the NGA treats the crossover effect as a neutrosophic fuzzy set,the variation ratio as a structural parameter,the crossover effect as a benefit parameter and the variation effect as a cost parameter,and then a neutrosophic fitness function value is created.Finally,a high order assignment problem in warehousemanagement is taken to illustrate the effectiveness of NGA.