Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.In this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in SHGs.The survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey form.The results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test results.Memberships in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and 5.This study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ventures.Moreover,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural women.Finally,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

Study on the Effect of Self-Help Mindfulness Therapy on Rumination in Patients with Depression

Objective:To evaluate the nursing effect of self-help mindfulness therapy for patients with depression.Methods:120 cases of depression patients admitted to the Department of Psychosomatic Disorders of our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected.After being grouped by the random draw method,60 cases in the observation group adopted self-help mindfulness therapy and 60 cases in the control group adopted conventional nursing care,the nursing effects were subsequently compared.Results:Before nursing,there was no difference in the comparison of clinical symptom scores,rumination scores,positive psychological scores,and self-esteem scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After nursing,the clinical symptom scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group;the rumination scores were lower than those of the control group;the positive psychological scores were higher than those of the control group;and the self-esteem scores were higher than those of the control group,and all of them were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Self-help mindfulness therapy can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with depression and their rumination,and enhance their positive psychological state and self-esteem level,which has high nursing advantages.

Female Sex Workers and Their Association with Self-Help Groups in Thane, Maharashtra, India: A Comparative Analysis in the Context of HIV Program Outcome

Objectives: Understanding the role of Self-Help Group (SHG) in light of the evolving dynamics of sex work needs to be delved into to strategize HIV interventions among FSWs in India. This paper aims to study the HIV program outcome among the FSWs associated with SHGs and FSWs not associated with SHGs in Thane, Maharashtra. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from the Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS) conducted among 503 FSWs in Thane in 2015. Two-stage probability based conventional sampling was done for selection of brothel and bar based FSWs, while Time Location Cluster (TLC) sampling was done for home, lodge and street based sex workers. Methods: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare and contrast between FSWs associated with SHG and those not associated with SHG with respect to the utilization of HIV related services by them. “Condom use”, “consistent condom use”, “contact with peer-educators”, “counseling sessions” and “HIV testing” were chosen as indicators on HIV service utilization. Results: 8% (38) of FSWs are registered with SHG;92% aged ≥25 years, 47% illiterate, and 71% are currently married. The likelihood of utilizing HIV services including, knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its mode of transmission (OR: 5.54;CI: 1.87 - 16.60;p Conclusions: Considering the improved HIV program outcomes among FSWs associated with SHG, HIV interventions among FSWs could consider facilitating the formation of SHGs with FSWs as one of the key strategies to empower the community for ensuring better program outcomes.

Qualitative Study on Health Self-Help Behavior of the Elderly in a Community

Objective:To investigate the current status quo of health self-help behavior of elderly in a community and its influencing factors using a semi-structured interview in a qualitative study.Methods:A phenomenological method is employed for purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods.The elderly(>60 years old),who had lived in the Minhang District of Shanghai for>5 years,with an annual residence duration≥10 months,were selected.Data were collected in person by a semi-structured and an in-depth interview;the topics were identified according to data arrangement,analysis,and coding.Results:A total of 10 subjects were enrolled,from Pujiang Town,Minhang District of Shanghai.The cohort constituted of 7 males and 3 females,aged 60-68 years,with an average of(63.40±9.19)years.After data arrangement and analysis,the following topics were obtained:(1)various forms of health self-help behaviors existed among elderly in the community;(2)some factors influenced the health self-help behavior among the elderly in the community;(3)a deviation was observed in the health self-help behavior among the elderly in the community.Conclusion:The health self-help behaviors of the elderly in the community should be rectified to carry out self and the environmental establishment of the health self-help behaviors of the elderly in the community,as well as,to guide and develop the personalized health self-help behavior program.

《如何在崛起的亚洲富得流油》对自助文学的戏仿

巴基斯坦裔英国作家莫欣·哈米德的小说《如何在崛起的亚洲富得流油》中采用自助文学的叙述模式,讲述自我奋斗者“你”成长、成功和幻灭的人生经历。他有意将小说包装成致富指南,却又不吝笔墨地对成功指南和致富经验予以否定和批判,以“你”的肮脏致富模式消解自助文学中的励志话语。作家将后现代戏仿作为一种批判性的叙事策略,通过表里相悖的叙述,引导读者反思盲目追求经济高速发展背后的隐患和危机,达到评价以道德沦丧和破坏环境为代价的经济发展模式的创作旨趣。

敬畏与助人的关系:自我-他人重叠的中介作用

为探索特质性敬畏与状态性敬畏与助人之间的关系及其心理机制,研究一采用问卷法探讨了特质性敬畏与助人行为的关系及自我-他人重叠的中介作用;研究二采用实验法探讨了状态性敬畏对助人行为的影响及自我-他人重叠的中介作用。结果表明:(1)个体的特质性敬畏水平越高,其助人行为水平也越高;(2)自我-他人重叠在特质性敬畏情绪与助人行为间起不完全中介作用;(3)与中性情绪相比,状态性敬畏能显著增加个体的金钱助人行为,但对时间助人行为没有显著影响;(4)自我-他人重叠在状态性敬畏与时间助人行为间起中介作用。研究从自我-他人之间联系的角度揭示了敬畏影响助人的作用机制,拓展了敬畏与社会行为的关系研究。

是谁在努力——医疗募捐情境下力量情绪诉求类型对个体捐赠意愿的影响研究

力量情绪诉求是一种被广泛应用于医疗募捐情境下的诉求策略,但学术领域对其的研究仍处于起步阶段。本文通过3项实验探究了不同类型的力量情绪诉求对于个体捐赠意愿的影响及机制。研究发现,两种类型的力量诉求均会对个体捐赠意愿产生积极的影响,但自我力量诉求主要通过预期内疚来提高个人捐赠意愿,而他人力量诉求主要通过感知自助来提高个人捐赠意愿。低权力感个体更加偏好自我力量诉求,而高权力感个体更加偏好他人力量诉求。本文不仅丰富了慈善领域关于情绪诉求的理论研究成果,还为医疗募捐网站的募捐实践提供了管理启示。

自力救济视角下的治安信任探究

随着社会非正式控制力的减弱和社会成员权利意识的增强,社会治安矛盾纠纷不断增多,给人们带来心理压力的同时,也产生了更多社会安全隐患。如果不能有效解决社会成员对治安保障的需求和期待,自力救济就会成为其解决纠纷的首选项。以自力救济现象为切入点,从道德和法律层面阐释分析治安与信任之间的联系,可以发现自力救济者与治安信任的动态转变影响着社会成员能否克服社会文化属性的焦虑并参与到社会治安的正向循环中来,进而协助政府排除社会治安风险,实现由和谐治安秩序的维护到治安信任的转变。对此,可从营造邻里文化氛围,夯实治安信任基础;完善多元纠纷解决机制,建立警民和谐信任关系;整合社会治安信任资源,深化政务制度信任等方面探究符合我国治安现状的信任机制和对策。

宜人性和助人行为对遵从排斥者心理代价的影响

为探究被排斥者的自身特点与遵从排斥者心理代价间的关系,研究采用经典网络掷球范式,通过2个实验探讨了被排斥者的宜人性和助人行为对遵从排斥者心理代价的影响。实验1发现,相较于非宜人性个体,遵从他人指令排斥宜人个体的心理代价更高;实验2发现,相较于非宜人性非助人行为个体,遵从他人指令排斥宜人性助人行为个体的心理代价更高。

“一站式”检查智能预约平台的设计与实现

为解决门诊病人检查、预约难的问题,改善患者就医体验。该文借鉴流程优化、业务重组及分时段预约的理念和方法,提出“一站式”检查智能预约平台的构建。该平台的应用,系统能自动完成预约60%的门诊检查项目,患者减少了2次排队,检查等候时间平均缩短50 min。“一站式”检查智能预约平台的搭建,真正实现让患者“看病少排队”、“检查少跑腿”,在创造良好的就医环境、提高医院服务品质等方面具有重要意义。

融合中国诗词的线上自助正念干预的可行性及对参与者依从性的影响

本研究基于情绪困扰的正念干预和诗歌疗法,开发了一种融合中国诗词的线上自助正念干预方案,旨在提高参与者的依从性。研究1分别从可接受性、需求性、可执行性、实用性、有效性检验等维度对该干预方案进行了可行性评估。在此基础上,研究2采用随机对照实验,探索比较有无中国诗词的线上正念干预对参与者依从性的影响。结果显示,融合中国诗词的线上自助正念干预具有可行性,而且其显著提高了参与者的依从性。本研究首次将中国诗词和正念进行结合,开发了一种极富中国特色的线上正念干预形式,不仅改善了参与者的正念水平、知觉压力、总体幸福感,提升了其参与积极性和项目完成度,同时对中国传统文化的推广传播发挥了一定作用,具有一定的实践意义和社会价值。

自助鼻咽灌洗采集病毒核酸样本装置的临床应用

目的探讨自助鼻咽灌洗采集病毒核酸样本装置和方法的可行性。方法选取2021年10月25日至11月30日邵阳市中心医院儿科发热门诊和呼吸内科住院部56例上呼吸道感染发热患者作为研究对象,采用前后自身对照,通过两种核酸样本采集方法对同一受试者进行核酸样本采集。使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法检测分析乙型流感病毒核酸阳性率、扩增循环阈值数,记录每例采集时间。比较两种方法的阳性率、扩增循环阈值数、采集时间及诊断效率。结果两组的核酸检测阳性率、扩增循环阈值数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。自助鼻咽灌洗单个采集时间短于鼻咽拭子,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自助鼻咽灌洗采集法和鼻咽拭子采集法两者诊断效率具有高度一致性(Kappa值=0.769)。结论自助鼻咽灌洗采集病毒核酸在临床中是可行的,不仅适用于乙型流感的诊断,同样适用于各种呼吸道感染性疾病。

居家自助式心脏康复方案用于慢性心力衰竭患者的临床研究

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭患者应用居家自助式心脏康复方案的临床效果。方法 纳入2021年6月至2022年6月收治的慢性心力衰竭患者96例为研究对象,随机分为2组,每组48例。对照组采用常规干预方案,观察组实施家自助式心脏康复方案,比较2组的临床干预效果。结果 2组干预后的左心室射血分数均高于干预前(P<0.05),左心室收缩末期内径和左心室舒张末期内径均低于干预前(P<0.05),研究组的上述心功能指标水平优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后的焦虑和抑郁评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的疾病健康知识掌握度为93.75%,高于对照组的79.17%(P<0.05)。研究组自护能力各维度评分及总评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后的生活质量评分均高于干预前(P<0.05),研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 对慢性心力衰竭患者,实施居家自助式心脏康复方案,可改善患者的心脏功能,促进患者疾病健康知识掌握度和自护能力的提升,缓解患者负性情绪,进而提高其生活质量。

基于书写情绪表达范式的大学生积极心理干预

以书写情绪表达范式为基础,设计了以积极心理为书写主题的大学生情绪自助干预方案,探讨其对提升积极心理品质和缓解心理健康问题的效果。研究将68名大学生随机分配至干预组和等待对照组,随后对干预组进行连续三周、每周一次、每日记录当周主题的书写指导。重复测量方差分析结果显示,干预提升了大学生的心理韧性和主观幸福感得分,抑郁得分显著降低,焦虑得分降低不显著。这些研究结果表明该自助方案对促进大学生积极心理品质提升和缓解心理健康问题具有积极效果。

厦门市大学生同伴关系对情绪自救的影响

目的探讨同伴关系对大学生情绪自救的影响及其作用机制,为改善大学生群体心理健康水平提供相关数据依据。方法于2022年3—5月在本市两所本科高校收集852名有效大学生被试数据,采用简单随机抽样的方法,使用问卷星对大学生群体发送问卷收集数据。使用回归模型进行数据分析。结果自我效能感、同伴关系与情绪自救等主要研究变量之间的相关性均呈显著正相关(P<0.01);大学生同伴关系越好,自我效能感越高,情绪自救的可能性越大;自我效能感在同伴关系与情绪自救之间发挥中介效应。结论良好的同伴关系可以提升大学生遇到情绪问题时积极主动采取自救措施的可能性,自我效能感在这一作用机制中起中介效应。因此,学校、家庭应鼓励大学生建立和维护良好的同伴关系,积极引导大学生培育良好的人际关系,提升自我效能感,从而提升遇到情绪问题时能够及时采取措施,以保持良好的心理健康水平。

国际中文教育学科建设的重难点及其对策

国际中文教育正处在一个机遇与挑战并存的发展新阶段。通过梳理学科发展历程,研判学科发展新变化,对其学科定位做出新的表述;同时,在此基础上,提出学科建设的首要任务是明确学科发展新方向:必须多学科融合发展才能支持本学科建设;其次是认清学科建设的重点和难点,在人才培养、师资建设、科学研究等方面给出相应的发展对策。新时代的国际中文教育既要牢记初心和使命,也要立足现实、学会自我革命,才能实现长远发展。

论民事自助行为的司法适用

民事自助行为是私力救济中解决社会纠纷的重要手段,在保护民事主体合法权益等方面发挥着重要作用。《民法典》关于民事自助行为的规定过于原则性,导致民事自助司法适用存在诸多限制和困扰。因此,有必要在对民事自助行为内涵及正当性分析的基础上,对当前民事自助行为司法适用存在的问题进行探讨,提出针对性的优化路径,以期更好地发挥民事自助行为制度的价值和作用。

引导自助干预在抑郁症患者中的应用研究进展

抑郁症已成为全球最常见的精神障碍疾病之一,严重影响患者的生活质量。引导自助干预作为一种新型的循证心理治疗方法,可以减轻患者的抑郁症状,改善其不良结局。该文对引导自助干预的定义、国内外研究现状、干预要素、应用效果进行综述,提出未来引导自助干预的研究方向,旨在为引导自助干预在我国抑郁症患者中的应用提供参考和借鉴。

自助式正念护理干预对慢性肾衰竭行维持性血液透析患者的影响

目的探讨自助式正念护理干预对慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者生活满意度及自我接纳水平的影响。方法选取九江市中医医院2022年4月-2023年8月行MHD的慢性肾衰竭患者87例,以抽签法将其分为对照组44例、干预组43例。对照组给予常规干预,干预组给予自助式正念护理干预。干预8周后,比较2组生活满意度、自我接纳水平。结果干预8周后,干预组生活满意度量表、自我接纳问卷得分均高于对照组(t=-5.278,P<0.001;t=-7.629,P<0.001)。结论自助式正念护理干预可提高慢性肾衰竭行MHD患者生活满意度与自我接纳水平。

抑郁情绪与高职学生心理求助意愿的关系:自我效能感和领悟社会支持的链式中介作用

探讨抑郁情绪、自我效能感、领悟社会支持与高职学生心理求助意愿的关系。采用抑郁自评问卷(SDS)、自我效能感问卷、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、心理求助意愿行为问卷对1 966名高职学生进行调查。结果表明,抑郁情绪不但可以直接影响心理求助意愿,还可以通过三条路径的间接作用影响心理求助意愿,即自我效能感的单独中介作用、领悟社会支持的单独中介作用、自我效能感-领悟社会支持的链式中介作用。这说明抑郁情绪既可以直接影响高职学生心理求助意愿,也可以依次通过自我效能感和领悟社会支持间接影响高职学生心理求助意愿,提示高职院校教育工作者可以通过提高学生自我效能感水平,增加家校社协同支持力度,缓解高职学生抑郁情绪,有效提高心理求助意愿。