Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxie...Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxiety in adolescents, specificallyfocusing on the mediating effects of self-concept clarity (SCC) and self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between vulnerablenarcissism and social anxiety. Through cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 982 students from threesecondary schools in two provinces. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealedthat there was a significant negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and both self-concept clarity and self-esteem,while there was a significant positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. Additionally, self-conceptclarity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem but had a negative correlation with social anxiety. Both selfconceptclarity and self-esteem played an intermediary role in the chain linking vulnerable narcissism to social anxiety. Thisstudy confirms the mediating role of both self-concept clarity and self-esteem in explaining how vulnerable narcissisminfluences social anxiety, providing valuable insights into its underlying mechanism.展开更多
To explore the relationship between social influence,social comparison,clarity of self-concept,and psychological anxiety among young women during their usage of social networking sites,our study selected 338 young wom...To explore the relationship between social influence,social comparison,clarity of self-concept,and psychological anxiety among young women during their usage of social networking sites,our study selected 338 young women aged 14-34 from the social site platforms of Little Red Book and Weibo for questionnaire surveys.The Passive Social Network Utilization Scale,Social Comparison Scale(SCS),Social Influence Questionnaire,Self-Concept Clarity Scale(SCCS),and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)were employed to measure the subjects.Our results show that the frequency of passive social media use is positively related to the level of psychological anxiety.Social comparison,social influence,and unclear self-concepts under social media use are negatively predictive of psychological anxiety.The chain mediation effects indicate that social comparison and social influence under social media use negatively predict the clarity of self-concept,thus having a negative impact on the psychological health of young women.Therefore,young women should strengthen their self-concepts,control their frequency of social media usage,avoid addiction,and pay special attention to their frequency of passive use,in order to protect their psychological health.Our study provides some practical implications and insights regarding the relationship between young women’s social media use and psychological health.展开更多
English pronunciation self-concept is a personal judgment based on pronunciation.It is English learners’self-perception as well as the judgment of their English pronunciation competence as well as pronunciation learn...English pronunciation self-concept is a personal judgment based on pronunciation.It is English learners’self-perception as well as the judgment of their English pronunciation competence as well as pronunciation learning ability,which is formed as they develop their skills in pronunciation.A higher level of English pronunciation self-concept can promote students’self-assurance in foreign language learning.Through the analysis,this paper summarizes the scholars’studies about English pronunciation self-concept as follows:1)Formation and characteristics of English pronunciation self-concept;2)Relevance between English pronunciation self-concept as well as English learning.展开更多
Ⅰ. Introduction “If the school is sensitive to the problems of less successful learners, if it takes steps within its organization, methodology and curriculum to meet their needs, and if individual progress is empha...Ⅰ. Introduction “If the school is sensitive to the problems of less successful learners, if it takes steps within its organization, methodology and curriculum to meet their needs, and if individual progress is emphasized rather than achievement of norms and examination successes, the number of individuals whose learning difficulties become special educational needs may be minimized”(Fish, 1985,p26). As is suggested in this quotation, the 1980s witnessed展开更多
Background: A relationship between symptom attitudes and negative affect has consistently been found in a range of different symptom domains. Little is known, however, about the role of different aspects of the self i...Background: A relationship between symptom attitudes and negative affect has consistently been found in a range of different symptom domains. Little is known, however, about the role of different aspects of the self in this relationship. We explored the mediating role of interferences of symptom with the self-concept in the association of menstrual symptom attitudes and depressive mood. Methods: Eighty-one women completed an online survey on menstrual symptom attitudes, perceived interferences of symptoms with various self-aspects and negative mood states. We tested our hypothesis in a mediation analysis. Results: We found a complete mediation of the relationship of symptom attitudes and depressive mood by interferences of symptoms with self-aspects. However, interferences with self-aspects did not play a role in the association of anxious mood and symptom report. Conclusion: The self-concept should receive greater attention in research on symptom attitudes and psychological well-being. This would be particularly important in research on medically unexplained symptom report.展开更多
Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physica...Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.展开更多
Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive...Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive restructuring of core trauma-related dysfunctional beliefs and mental imagery. The effectiveness of CRIM-PTSD has recently been demonstrated in a pilot study. Method: This article presents a step-by-step description of the administration of CRIM-PTSD in a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffering from PTSD and major depressive disorder related to strong self-blame. Results: The intervention showed substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in the patient comparable to those observed in the pilot study. Conclusions: CRIM-PTSD might provide an economical tool for reducing PTSD symptoms when only a short time is available for intervention. Furthermore, this tool could be included in well-established PTSD treatments. In addition to the pilot study, a randomized controlled trial is needed to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this short intervention.展开更多
The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estim...The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.展开更多
Objective:To determine the relationship between clinical performance and professional self-concept in critical care nurses.Methods:This study was conducted on 308 critical care nurses.Data gathering instruments were n...Objective:To determine the relationship between clinical performance and professional self-concept in critical care nurses.Methods:This study was conducted on 308 critical care nurses.Data gathering instruments were nurses’clinical performance questionnaire(NCPQ)and nursing professional self-concept measure(NPSCM).Independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analyses.Results:The average age of the nurses was 33.74±7.01 years.The clinical performance score of female nurses was significantly higher than male nurses.In the domain of clinical performance,clinical judgment and clinical inquiry had the highest and lowest scores,respectively.In the nurses’professional self-concept,the highest and lowest scores were awarded to the subscales of self-confidence and staff relations,respectively.In addition,there was a significant positive correlation between self-concept and clinical performance of nurses.Conclusions:Increasing professional self-concept improves the clinical performance of critical care nurses.Professional self-concept enhancement measures are recommended to improve the clinical performance of nurses in critical care units.展开更多
Background:Components of Self,completed with the perceived social support determine the individual differences in theevaluation of a stressor and the behavioral responses toward it,such as health-related anxiety.The s...Background:Components of Self,completed with the perceived social support determine the individual differences in theevaluation of a stressor and the behavioral responses toward it,such as health-related anxiety.The study set as a goal theanalysis of associations between the components of Self,such as self-evaluation,sense of coherence,perceived social support,and reported health-related anxiety in an adult sample.Methods:147 adults from the 18–73 age group(mean age 37.5)voluntarily completed the questionnaire through Qualtrics online platform containing the Short Health Anxiety Inventory,Core Self-Evaluation Scale,Social Support Assessing Scale,and one Health Self-Evaluation Item.Results:ANOVA foundrelevant differences in total scores and subscales’scores of the health anxiety scale depending on the positive self-evaluation.Linear regression shows that the analyzed variables were responsible for the prediction of a higher value on the“Perceivedprobability of becoming ill”subscale in a proportion of 45.6%and for the“Perceived consequence of illness”subscale in aproportion of 20.2%The predictive value of the linear regression model for the total score on the health anxiety scale was46.3%.Our findings show that negative Core Self-Evaluation is linked with perceived health anxiety.Conclusions:Selfevaluation,sense of coherence and perceived social support influence the perceived health and can explain the differences inthe reported health-related anxiety.展开更多
The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such ...The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.展开更多
The Self-description Questionnaire-I(SDQ-I)is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model.This study investigated self-concept in a sample of P...The Self-description Questionnaire-I(SDQ-I)is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model.This study investigated self-concept in a sample of Palestinian adolescent students using an Arabic version of the SDQ-I.Three-hundred sixty adolescents(163 girls and 197 boys)aged 13 to 16 years(M=14.3,SD=.87)participated.The 72-item SDQ-I was administered in four Palestinian schools to assess the psychometric properties of the SDQ-I.This included the factor structure and the internal consistency reliability of the SDQ-I subscales and mean score responses of Palestinian self-concept.Factor analysis results,which accounted for the majority of the variance,supported an underlying general self-concept factor structure that demonstrated the eight factors that the SDQ-I is designed to measure.This is consistent with previous studies in similar age groups and the SDQ-I reliabilities were similar to those reported in the literature.Students perceived total self-concept positively(mean=3.71).Three facets of self-concept(parent relations,reading,and general self-concept)indicated high positive self-concept.Correlations among the different dimensions were consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson’s model.Overall,the findings provided compelling support for Shavelson’s model,and the structure validity of Western self-concept measure.Interpretations were provided for the discrepancies regarding the Palestinian-Arab culture.展开更多
Purpose:This article aims to(1)systematically examine the development of career guidance practices in Hong Kong over the past 40 years,(2)discuss developmental attention to the careerrelated self-concept of diverse le...Purpose:This article aims to(1)systematically examine the development of career guidance practices in Hong Kong over the past 40 years,(2)discuss developmental attention to the careerrelated self-concept of diverse learners,and(3)propose a multidimensional model of self-concept by integrating the career-related domains with recent advances in self-concept research pertaining to students’in-school and post-school outcomes.Design/Approach/Methods:This article charts the developmental trend of career guidance and counseling(CGC)over more than 40 years in Hong Kong.The article also examines key findings relating to self-concept research made in the fields of education and career counseling in the past 50 years.Findings:For 50 years,Hong Kong has progressively recognized the importance of CGC.The government’s continued determination to refine its policies and practices in this domain was succinctly highlighted in the Chief Executive’s 2018 policy address.However,many challenges pertaining the professional competence of career guidance teachers and the ability of school administrators to manage the paradigm shift from informal to formal career guidance and counseling practices(CGCPs)remain.Meanwhile,the effects of these CGCPs on students’gains of career-related abilities and interests directly and indirectly remain under-researched.Originality/Value:This article integrates research into the developmental trend of career guidance practices in secondary schools and the study of academic self-concept.The article builds upon previous self-concept research by proposing an extended self-concept model that includes the career-related domain,setting a theoretical model for further research to explore.Finally,the article demonstrates the importance of tailoring career guidance activities in secondary education to reflect the diverse career-related self-concepts held by today’s students with diverse abilities.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the self-concept level of female students with acne vulgaris in junior high school and the relevant influencing factors. Methods: A total of 598 students in Grade 7 at two junior high schools in...Objective: To evaluate the self-concept level of female students with acne vulgaris in junior high school and the relevant influencing factors. Methods: A total of 598 students in Grade 7 at two junior high schools in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China were sampled by cluster sampling method, and divided into two groups: the acne group and the healthy control. Both groups were surveyed using a self-designed demographic questionnaire, and the self-concept level was determined using the six-dimensional Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSS). The differences were compared between two groups using Chi-square test, non-parametric test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: We released a total of 598 questionnaires, and 576 valid questionnaires were received, including 267 in the acne group and 309 in the healthy group. The subscale score of the popularity dimension of the PHCSS in the acne group (8.89±1.780) was significantly lower than that in the healthy group (9.45±1.78, P<0.01). When only the girls were considered, compared with the healthy group, the acne group had a significantly lower total PHCSS score (58.72 ±12.15 vs. 61.47±11.14, P<0.05) and significantly lower subscale scores for physical appearance and attributes (6.68±3.26 vs. 7.97±3.30, P<0.05), happiness and satisfaction (7.70±1.85 vs. 8.12±1.47, P<0.05), and popularity (8.69±1.82 vs. 9.84±1.67, P<0.01). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed the girls' relationship with their parents and classmates, and the paternal educational background showed a significantly impact on the self-consciousness of the acne girls. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris significantly lowers the self-concept of girls in junior high school. The factors influencing the PHCSS scores of girls with acne were the relationship with parents and classmates, and the paternal educational background.展开更多
From birth to adulthood,we often align our behaviors,attitudes,and opinions with a majority,a phenomenon known as social conformity.A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three...From birth to adulthood,we often align our behaviors,attitudes,and opinions with a majority,a phenomenon known as social conformity.A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives:a desire to gain more information to be accurate,to obtain social approval from others,and to maintain a favorable self-concept.Despite extensive interest in neuroimaging investigation of social conformity,the relationship between brain systems and these fundamental motivations has yet to be established.Here,we reviewed brain imaging findings of social conformity with a componential framework,aiming to reveal the neuropsychological substrates underlying different conformity motivations.First,information-seeking engages the evaluation of social information,information integration,and modification of task-related activity,corresponding to brain networks implicated in reward,cognitive control,and tasks at hand.Second,social acceptance involves the anticipation of social acceptance or rejection and mental state attribution,mediated by networks of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Third,self-enhancement entails the excessive representation of positive self-related information and suppression of negative self-related information,ingroup favoritism and/or outgroup derogation,and elaborated mentalizing processes to the ingroup,supported by brain systems of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Therefore,recent brain imaging studies have provided important insights into the fundamental motivations of social conformity in terms of component processes and brain mechanisms.展开更多
Background:In Morocco,cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)is usually known to be a slowly healing localized skin disease,but in some cases,it can lead to mutilating scars.The outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in the Errac...Background:In Morocco,cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)is usually known to be a slowly healing localized skin disease,but in some cases,it can lead to mutilating scars.The outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in the Errachidia province in southeastern Morocco between 2008 and 2010 left many adolescents with permanent scar tissue on the face or other exposed body parts.We studied the psychosocial impact of CL on these young people.Methods:In 2015 we conducted a cross-sectional survey among high-school students living in boarding schools in two CL-endemic areas of Errachidia:Rissani and Tinejdad.A self-administered questionnaire elicited responses about general knowledge of CL and related scars.An open-ended question focused on the possible psychosocial effects associated with these scars.The quantitative data were analyzed with Epi Info^(TM)and the text data with NVivo software.Results:Almost 20%of 448 respondents reported they had experienced a CL lesion and 87%said it could possibly or definitely lead to psychological consequences.The text analysis showed that girls more often than boys expanded on the negative psychological effects of CL.The students considered CL as“dangerous”,“serious”,and“deathly”,and said it sometimes led to extreme suicidal ideations.Conclusions:The burden of CL in this age group is not negligible.The indelible CL scars lead to self-stigma and social stigma,and the emergence of negative psychological effects in this age group.While some students accepted their CL scars and related suffering as their“destiny”,others were eagerly demanding protective measures against CL and treatment for the scars.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960181,32360213 and 82260364).
文摘Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxiety in adolescents, specificallyfocusing on the mediating effects of self-concept clarity (SCC) and self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between vulnerablenarcissism and social anxiety. Through cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 982 students from threesecondary schools in two provinces. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealedthat there was a significant negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and both self-concept clarity and self-esteem,while there was a significant positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. Additionally, self-conceptclarity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem but had a negative correlation with social anxiety. Both selfconceptclarity and self-esteem played an intermediary role in the chain linking vulnerable narcissism to social anxiety. Thisstudy confirms the mediating role of both self-concept clarity and self-esteem in explaining how vulnerable narcissisminfluences social anxiety, providing valuable insights into its underlying mechanism.
基金funded by Zhejiang Xi Jinping Research Center for Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era Project(Grant No.23CCG39).
文摘To explore the relationship between social influence,social comparison,clarity of self-concept,and psychological anxiety among young women during their usage of social networking sites,our study selected 338 young women aged 14-34 from the social site platforms of Little Red Book and Weibo for questionnaire surveys.The Passive Social Network Utilization Scale,Social Comparison Scale(SCS),Social Influence Questionnaire,Self-Concept Clarity Scale(SCCS),and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)were employed to measure the subjects.Our results show that the frequency of passive social media use is positively related to the level of psychological anxiety.Social comparison,social influence,and unclear self-concepts under social media use are negatively predictive of psychological anxiety.The chain mediation effects indicate that social comparison and social influence under social media use negatively predict the clarity of self-concept,thus having a negative impact on the psychological health of young women.Therefore,young women should strengthen their self-concepts,control their frequency of social media usage,avoid addiction,and pay special attention to their frequency of passive use,in order to protect their psychological health.Our study provides some practical implications and insights regarding the relationship between young women’s social media use and psychological health.
文摘English pronunciation self-concept is a personal judgment based on pronunciation.It is English learners’self-perception as well as the judgment of their English pronunciation competence as well as pronunciation learning ability,which is formed as they develop their skills in pronunciation.A higher level of English pronunciation self-concept can promote students’self-assurance in foreign language learning.Through the analysis,this paper summarizes the scholars’studies about English pronunciation self-concept as follows:1)Formation and characteristics of English pronunciation self-concept;2)Relevance between English pronunciation self-concept as well as English learning.
文摘Ⅰ. Introduction “If the school is sensitive to the problems of less successful learners, if it takes steps within its organization, methodology and curriculum to meet their needs, and if individual progress is emphasized rather than achievement of norms and examination successes, the number of individuals whose learning difficulties become special educational needs may be minimized”(Fish, 1985,p26). As is suggested in this quotation, the 1980s witnessed
文摘Background: A relationship between symptom attitudes and negative affect has consistently been found in a range of different symptom domains. Little is known, however, about the role of different aspects of the self in this relationship. We explored the mediating role of interferences of symptom with the self-concept in the association of menstrual symptom attitudes and depressive mood. Methods: Eighty-one women completed an online survey on menstrual symptom attitudes, perceived interferences of symptoms with various self-aspects and negative mood states. We tested our hypothesis in a mediation analysis. Results: We found a complete mediation of the relationship of symptom attitudes and depressive mood by interferences of symptoms with self-aspects. However, interferences with self-aspects did not play a role in the association of anxious mood and symptom report. Conclusion: The self-concept should receive greater attention in research on symptom attitudes and psychological well-being. This would be particularly important in research on medically unexplained symptom report.
文摘Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.
文摘Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive restructuring of core trauma-related dysfunctional beliefs and mental imagery. The effectiveness of CRIM-PTSD has recently been demonstrated in a pilot study. Method: This article presents a step-by-step description of the administration of CRIM-PTSD in a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffering from PTSD and major depressive disorder related to strong self-blame. Results: The intervention showed substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in the patient comparable to those observed in the pilot study. Conclusions: CRIM-PTSD might provide an economical tool for reducing PTSD symptoms when only a short time is available for intervention. Furthermore, this tool could be included in well-established PTSD treatments. In addition to the pilot study, a randomized controlled trial is needed to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this short intervention.
文摘The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.
文摘Objective:To determine the relationship between clinical performance and professional self-concept in critical care nurses.Methods:This study was conducted on 308 critical care nurses.Data gathering instruments were nurses’clinical performance questionnaire(NCPQ)and nursing professional self-concept measure(NPSCM).Independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analyses.Results:The average age of the nurses was 33.74±7.01 years.The clinical performance score of female nurses was significantly higher than male nurses.In the domain of clinical performance,clinical judgment and clinical inquiry had the highest and lowest scores,respectively.In the nurses’professional self-concept,the highest and lowest scores were awarded to the subscales of self-confidence and staff relations,respectively.In addition,there was a significant positive correlation between self-concept and clinical performance of nurses.Conclusions:Increasing professional self-concept improves the clinical performance of critical care nurses.Professional self-concept enhancement measures are recommended to improve the clinical performance of nurses in critical care units.
文摘Background:Components of Self,completed with the perceived social support determine the individual differences in theevaluation of a stressor and the behavioral responses toward it,such as health-related anxiety.The study set as a goal theanalysis of associations between the components of Self,such as self-evaluation,sense of coherence,perceived social support,and reported health-related anxiety in an adult sample.Methods:147 adults from the 18–73 age group(mean age 37.5)voluntarily completed the questionnaire through Qualtrics online platform containing the Short Health Anxiety Inventory,Core Self-Evaluation Scale,Social Support Assessing Scale,and one Health Self-Evaluation Item.Results:ANOVA foundrelevant differences in total scores and subscales’scores of the health anxiety scale depending on the positive self-evaluation.Linear regression shows that the analyzed variables were responsible for the prediction of a higher value on the“Perceivedprobability of becoming ill”subscale in a proportion of 45.6%and for the“Perceived consequence of illness”subscale in aproportion of 20.2%The predictive value of the linear regression model for the total score on the health anxiety scale was46.3%.Our findings show that negative Core Self-Evaluation is linked with perceived health anxiety.Conclusions:Selfevaluation,sense of coherence and perceived social support influence the perceived health and can explain the differences inthe reported health-related anxiety.
文摘The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.
基金The researchers would like to acknowledge the contributions of participating schools in their data collection and volunteering students for kindly taking part in this study.
文摘The Self-description Questionnaire-I(SDQ-I)is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model.This study investigated self-concept in a sample of Palestinian adolescent students using an Arabic version of the SDQ-I.Three-hundred sixty adolescents(163 girls and 197 boys)aged 13 to 16 years(M=14.3,SD=.87)participated.The 72-item SDQ-I was administered in four Palestinian schools to assess the psychometric properties of the SDQ-I.This included the factor structure and the internal consistency reliability of the SDQ-I subscales and mean score responses of Palestinian self-concept.Factor analysis results,which accounted for the majority of the variance,supported an underlying general self-concept factor structure that demonstrated the eight factors that the SDQ-I is designed to measure.This is consistent with previous studies in similar age groups and the SDQ-I reliabilities were similar to those reported in the literature.Students perceived total self-concept positively(mean=3.71).Three facets of self-concept(parent relations,reading,and general self-concept)indicated high positive self-concept.Correlations among the different dimensions were consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson’s model.Overall,the findings provided compelling support for Shavelson’s model,and the structure validity of Western self-concept measure.Interpretations were provided for the discrepancies regarding the Palestinian-Arab culture.
基金partially supported by Early Career Scheme funded by University Grant Council,Hong Kong SAR to Dr.Lan Yang,The Education University of Hong Kong(Project number:28611618).
文摘Purpose:This article aims to(1)systematically examine the development of career guidance practices in Hong Kong over the past 40 years,(2)discuss developmental attention to the careerrelated self-concept of diverse learners,and(3)propose a multidimensional model of self-concept by integrating the career-related domains with recent advances in self-concept research pertaining to students’in-school and post-school outcomes.Design/Approach/Methods:This article charts the developmental trend of career guidance and counseling(CGC)over more than 40 years in Hong Kong.The article also examines key findings relating to self-concept research made in the fields of education and career counseling in the past 50 years.Findings:For 50 years,Hong Kong has progressively recognized the importance of CGC.The government’s continued determination to refine its policies and practices in this domain was succinctly highlighted in the Chief Executive’s 2018 policy address.However,many challenges pertaining the professional competence of career guidance teachers and the ability of school administrators to manage the paradigm shift from informal to formal career guidance and counseling practices(CGCPs)remain.Meanwhile,the effects of these CGCPs on students’gains of career-related abilities and interests directly and indirectly remain under-researched.Originality/Value:This article integrates research into the developmental trend of career guidance practices in secondary schools and the study of academic self-concept.The article builds upon previous self-concept research by proposing an extended self-concept model that includes the career-related domain,setting a theoretical model for further research to explore.Finally,the article demonstrates the importance of tailoring career guidance activities in secondary education to reflect the diverse career-related self-concepts held by today’s students with diverse abilities.
基金supported by the Peking Union Medical College Young Scholar Research Fund(2017330013).
文摘Objective: To evaluate the self-concept level of female students with acne vulgaris in junior high school and the relevant influencing factors. Methods: A total of 598 students in Grade 7 at two junior high schools in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China were sampled by cluster sampling method, and divided into two groups: the acne group and the healthy control. Both groups were surveyed using a self-designed demographic questionnaire, and the self-concept level was determined using the six-dimensional Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSS). The differences were compared between two groups using Chi-square test, non-parametric test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: We released a total of 598 questionnaires, and 576 valid questionnaires were received, including 267 in the acne group and 309 in the healthy group. The subscale score of the popularity dimension of the PHCSS in the acne group (8.89±1.780) was significantly lower than that in the healthy group (9.45±1.78, P<0.01). When only the girls were considered, compared with the healthy group, the acne group had a significantly lower total PHCSS score (58.72 ±12.15 vs. 61.47±11.14, P<0.05) and significantly lower subscale scores for physical appearance and attributes (6.68±3.26 vs. 7.97±3.30, P<0.05), happiness and satisfaction (7.70±1.85 vs. 8.12±1.47, P<0.05), and popularity (8.69±1.82 vs. 9.84±1.67, P<0.01). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed the girls' relationship with their parents and classmates, and the paternal educational background showed a significantly impact on the self-consciousness of the acne girls. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris significantly lowers the self-concept of girls in junior high school. The factors influencing the PHCSS scores of girls with acne were the relationship with parents and classmates, and the paternal educational background.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271126,31900757,32020103008,31920103009)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010746)+1 种基金the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation(20&ZD153)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2019SHIBS0003).
文摘From birth to adulthood,we often align our behaviors,attitudes,and opinions with a majority,a phenomenon known as social conformity.A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives:a desire to gain more information to be accurate,to obtain social approval from others,and to maintain a favorable self-concept.Despite extensive interest in neuroimaging investigation of social conformity,the relationship between brain systems and these fundamental motivations has yet to be established.Here,we reviewed brain imaging findings of social conformity with a componential framework,aiming to reveal the neuropsychological substrates underlying different conformity motivations.First,information-seeking engages the evaluation of social information,information integration,and modification of task-related activity,corresponding to brain networks implicated in reward,cognitive control,and tasks at hand.Second,social acceptance involves the anticipation of social acceptance or rejection and mental state attribution,mediated by networks of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Third,self-enhancement entails the excessive representation of positive self-related information and suppression of negative self-related information,ingroup favoritism and/or outgroup derogation,and elaborated mentalizing processes to the ingroup,supported by brain systems of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Therefore,recent brain imaging studies have provided important insights into the fundamental motivations of social conformity in terms of component processes and brain mechanisms.
基金IB is supported by a doctoral grant from the Belgian Directorate General for Development CooperationThe funder had no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the paper。
文摘Background:In Morocco,cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)is usually known to be a slowly healing localized skin disease,but in some cases,it can lead to mutilating scars.The outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in the Errachidia province in southeastern Morocco between 2008 and 2010 left many adolescents with permanent scar tissue on the face or other exposed body parts.We studied the psychosocial impact of CL on these young people.Methods:In 2015 we conducted a cross-sectional survey among high-school students living in boarding schools in two CL-endemic areas of Errachidia:Rissani and Tinejdad.A self-administered questionnaire elicited responses about general knowledge of CL and related scars.An open-ended question focused on the possible psychosocial effects associated with these scars.The quantitative data were analyzed with Epi Info^(TM)and the text data with NVivo software.Results:Almost 20%of 448 respondents reported they had experienced a CL lesion and 87%said it could possibly or definitely lead to psychological consequences.The text analysis showed that girls more often than boys expanded on the negative psychological effects of CL.The students considered CL as“dangerous”,“serious”,and“deathly”,and said it sometimes led to extreme suicidal ideations.Conclusions:The burden of CL in this age group is not negligible.The indelible CL scars lead to self-stigma and social stigma,and the emergence of negative psychological effects in this age group.While some students accepted their CL scars and related suffering as their“destiny”,others were eagerly demanding protective measures against CL and treatment for the scars.