Task assignment in ground-to-air confrontation based on multiagent deep reinforcement learning

The scale of ground-to-air confrontation task assignments is large and needs to deal with many concurrent task assignments and random events.Aiming at the problems where existing task assignment methods are applied to ground-to-air confrontation,there is low efficiency in dealing with complex tasks,and there are interactive conflicts in multiagent systems.This study proposes a multiagent architecture based on a one-general agent with multiple narrow agents(OGMN)to reduce task assignment conflicts.Considering the slow speed of traditional dynamic task assignment algorithms,this paper proposes the proximal policy optimization for task assignment of general and narrow agents(PPOTAGNA)algorithm.The algorithm based on the idea of the optimal assignment strategy algorithm and combined with the training framework of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)adds a multihead attention mechanism and a stage reward mechanism to the bilateral band clipping PPO algorithm to solve the problem of low training efficiency.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out in the digital battlefield.The multiagent architecture based on OGMN combined with the PPO-TAGNA algorithm can obtain higher rewards faster and has a higher win ratio.By analyzing agent behavior,the efficiency,superiority and rationality of resource utilization of this method are verified.

UAVs cooperative task assignment and trajectory optimization with safety and time constraints

This paper proposes new methods and strategies for Multi-UAVs cooperative attacks with safety and time constraints in a complex environment.Delaunay triangle is designed to construct a map of the complex flight environment for aerial vehicles.Delaunay-Map,Safe Flight Corridor(SFC),and Relative Safe Flight Corridor(RSFC)are applied to ensure each UAV flight trajectory's safety.By using such techniques,it is possible to avoid the collision with obstacles and collision between UAVs.Bezier-curve is further developed to ensure that multi-UAVs can simultaneously reach the target at the specified time,and the trajectory is within the flight corridor.The trajectory tracking controller is also designed based on model predictive control to track the planned trajectory accurately.The simulation and experiment results are presented to verifying developed strategies of Multi-UAV cooperative attacks.

ACS-based resource assignment and task scheduling in grid

To solve the deadlock problem of tasks that the interdependence between tasks fails to consider during the course of resource assignment and task scheduling based on the heuristics algorithm, an improved ant colony system （ACS） based algorithm is proposed. First, how to map the resource assignment and task scheduling （RATS） problem into the optimization selection problem of task resource assignment graph （TRAG） and to add the semaphore mechanism in the optimal TRAG to solve deadlocks are explained. Secondly, how to utilize the grid pheromone system model to realize the algorithm based on ACS is explicated. This refers to the construction of TRAG by the random selection of appropriate resources for each task by the user agent and the optimization of TRAG through the positive feedback and distributed parallel computing mechanism of the ACS. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient in solving the deadlock problem.

Task assignment under constraint of timing sequential for cooperative air combat

According to the previous achievement, the task assignment under the constraint of timing continuity for a cooperative air combat is studied. An extensive task assignment scenario with the background of the cooperative air combat is proposed. The utility and time of executing a task as well as the continuous combat ability are defined. The concept of the matching method of weapon and target is modified based on the analysis of the air combat scenario. The constraint framework is also redefined according to a new objective function. The constraints of timing and continuity are formulated with a new method, at the same time, the task assignment and integer programming models of the cooperative combat are established. Finally, the assignment problem is solved using the integrated linear programming software and the simulation shows that it is feasible to apply this modified model in the cooperative air combat for tasks cooperation and it is also efficient to optimize the resource assignment.

Multilevel manufacturing system of virtual enterprise based on manufacturing grid and strategies for member enterprise selection and task assignment

In order to improve efficiency of virtual enterprise, a manufacturing grid and multilevel manufacturing system of virtual enterprise is built up. When selecting member enterprises and task assignment based on the manufacturing grid, key activities are assigned to the suitable critical member enterprises by task decomposition, enterprise node searching and characteristic matching of manufacturing resources according to the characteristic matching strategy. By task merger, some ordinary activities are merged with corresponding key activities and assigned to corresponding critical member enterprises. However, the other ordinary activities are assigned to the related ordinary member enterprises with enterprise node searching and characteristic matching of manufacturing resources. Finally, an example of developing the artificial hip joint in the virtual enterprise is used to demonstrate that efficiency of the virtual enterprise is improved by using the manufacturing grid and the proposed strategies for member enterprise selection and task assignment.

Multi-Objective Task Assignment for Maximizing Social Welfare in Spatio-Temporal Crowdsourcing

With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT),spatio-temporal crowdsourcing(mobile crowdsourcing)has become an emerging paradigm for addressing location-based sensing tasks.However,the delay caused by network transmission has led to low data processing efficiency.Fortunately,edge computing can solve this problem,effectively reduce the delay of data transmission,and improve data processing capacity,so that the crowdsourcing platform can make better decisions faster.Therefore,this paper combines spatio-temporal crowdsourcing and edge computing to study the Multi-Objective Optimization Task Assignment(MOO-TA)problem in the edge computing environment.The proposed online incentive mechanism considers the task difficulty attribute to motivate crowd workers to perform sensing tasks in the unpopular area.In this paper,the Weighted and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Combination(WAMOPSC)algorithm is proposed to maximize both platform’s and crowd workers’utility,so as to maximize social welfare.The algorithm combines the traditional Linear Weighted Summation(LWS)algorithm and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO)algorithm to find pareto optimal solutions of multi-objective optimization task assignment problem as much as possible for crowdsourcing platform to choose.Through comparison experiments on real data sets,the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are evaluated.

Dependent task assignment algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing in ad-hoc mobile cloud

In order to solve the problem of efficiently assigning tasks in an ad-hoc mobile cloud( AMC),a task assignment algorithm based on the heuristic algorithm is proposed. The proposed task assignment algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing( PSO-SA) transforms the dependencies between tasks into a directed acyclic graph( DAG) model. The number in each node represents the computation workload of each task and the number on each edge represents the workload produced by the transmission. In order to simulate the environment of task assignment in AMC,mathematical models are developed to describe the dependencies between tasks and the costs of each task are defined. PSO-SA is used to make the decision for task assignment and for minimizing the cost of all devices,which includes the energy consumption and time delay of all devices.PSO-SA also takes the advantage of both particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing by selecting an optimal solution with a certain probability to avoid falling into local optimal solution and to guarantee the convergence speed. The simulation results show that compared with other existing algorithms,the PSO-SA has a smaller cost and the result of PSO-SA can be very close to the optimal solution.

Assigning Task by Parallel Genetic Algorithm Based on PVM

Genetic algorithm has been proposed to solve the problem of task assignment. However, it has some drawbacks, e.g., it often takes a long time to find an optimal solution, and the success rate is low. To overcome these problems, a new coarse grained parallel genetic algorithm with the scheme of central migration is presented, which exploits isolated sub populations. The new approach has been implemented in the PVM environment and has been evaluated on a workstation network for solving the task assignment problem. The results show that it not only significantly improves the result quality but also increases the speed for getting best solution.

Multi-stage online task assignment driven by offline data under spatio-temporal crowdsourcing

In the era of the Internet of Things(IoT),the crowdsourcing process is driven by data collected by devices that interact with each other and with the physical world.As a part of the IoT ecosystem,task assignment has become an important goal of the research community.Existing task assignment algorithms can be categorized as offline(performs better with datasets but struggles to achieve good real-life results)or online(works well with real-life input but is difficult to optimize regarding in-depth assignments).This paper proposes a Cross-regional Online Task(CROT)assignment problem based on the online assignment model.Given the CROT problem,an Online Task Assignment across Regions based on Prediction(OTARP)algorithm is proposed.OTARP is a two-stage graphics-driven bilateral assignment strategy that uses edge cloud and graph embedding to complete task assignments.The first stage uses historical data to make offline predictions,with a graph-driven method for offline bipartite graph matching.The second stage uses a bipartite graph to complete the online task assignment process.This paper proposes accelerating the task assignment process through multiple assignment rounds and optimizing the process by combining offline guidance and online assignment strategies.To encourage crowd workers to complete crowd tasks across regions,an incentive strategy is designed to encourage crowd workers’movement.To avoid the idle problem in the process of crowd worker movement,a drop-by-rider problem is used to help crowd workers accept more crowd tasks,optimize the number of assignments,and increase utility.Finally,through comparison experiments on real datasets,the performance of the proposed algorithm on crowd worker utility value and the matching number is evaluated.

Task Assignment Problem of Robots in a Smart Warehouse Environment

The task assignment problem of robots in a smart warehouse environment （TARSWE） based on cargo-to-person is investigated. Firstly, the sites of warehouse robots and the order picking tasks are given and the task assignment problem for picking one order is formulated into a mathematical model to minimize the total operation cost. Then a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the task assignment problem for picking multiple orders. Finally, simulations are done by using the orders data of online bookstore A. The results show that using the heuristic algorithm of this paper to assign robots, the cost was reduced by 2% and it can effectively avoid far route and unbalanced workload of robots. The feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm are verified. The model and algorithm in this paper provide a theoretical basis to solve the TARSWE.

Study on Task Assignment of Two-stage Multi-service Capability Port Logistics Service Providers

This paper mainly studies the problem of multi-task assignment of providers in port logistics service supply chain.As a core enterprise,port plays the role of logistics service integrator.With the continuous development of industrial integration,logistics service providers not only provide one kind of logistics service,but also develop into composite suppliers who capable of providing a variety of logistics services.This paper studies the task assignment problem of multi-service capability providers in the port logistics service supply chain.The two-stage logistics service provider task assignment model was built,which is based on the mixed evaluation method(including MOORA and FMEA)and the multi-objective planning method.Eventually,the effectiveness of the model method was verified by combining with an example.

Task Assignment for Forest Fire Suppression by Multiple UAVs

This paper presents a scenario of forest fire suppression using UAVs （Unmanned Aerial Vehicles） and addresses task assignment algorithm to coordinate UAVs. Forest fires are a major problem in many nations and fast extinguishing forest fires brings a lot of ecological advantages so proper use of firefighting resources is very critical. In this sense, multi UAVs forest fire suppression system can be effective way to prevent fire outbreaks. In multi agent system, an appropriate task assignment according to the SA （Situational Awareness） is the most essential to conduct mission. We should consider real time re-planning or re-scheduling of multi UAVs team because environmental situations such as wind are changeable and that changes affect the forest fire spreading. Furthermore, we have to think about convergence to a consistent SA because it may take too much time. CBBA （Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm） is robust decentralized task assignment tool so it can be implemented in real time re-planning application. A simulation model which is the main topic in this paper shows that multi UAVs can be properly operated to suppress forest fires even if there are unpredictable random factors and partial disconnection. The simulation model includes concrete operating scenarios and recursive task re-assign algorithm until fires in the whole area are suppressed.

Enabling Privacy Preservation and Decentralization for Attribute-Based Task Assignment in Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing allows people who are endowed with certain skills to accomplish special tasks with incentive. Despite the state-of-art crowdsourcing schemes have guaranteed low overhead and considerable quality, most of them expose task content and user’s attribute information to a centralized server. These servers are vulnerable to single points of failure, the leakage of user’s privacy information, and lacking of transparency. We therefore explored an alternative design for task assignment based on the emerging decentralized blockchain technology. While enabling the advantages of the public blockchain, changing to open operations requires some additional technology and design to preserve the privacy of user’s information. To mitigate this issue, we proposed a secure task assignment scheme, which enables task content preservation and anonymous attribute requirement checking. Specifically, by adopting the cryptographic techniques, the proposed scheme enables task requester to safely place his task in a transparent blockchain. Furthermore, the proposed scheme divides the attribute verification process into public pre-verification and requester verification, so that the requester can check only the identity of the worker, instead of verifying the attributes one by one, thereby preserving the identity of worker while significantly reducing the requester’s calculation burden. Additionally, security analysis demonstrated unrelated entities cannot learn about the task content and identity information from all data uploaded by requester and worker. Performance evaluation showed the low computational overhead of our scheme.

Optimal Mission Task Assignment for Complex Military Simulator Operations

In Side-by-Side helicopter system, pilots and co-pilot occupy same place and make a community about instruments. So both pilots have a great interaction and communication compared with tandem helicopter. In our previous research, we found the TSD information is effected on mission conduction greatly. We also realized the new task assignment is required. To compensate for our previous research and find the optimal task assignment in side-by-side helicopter system, we set up the second experiment. We established the scenario and did some experiment. Measuring data is performance total time, killing rate, and pilot & gunner workload data similar to before experiment 1, and this project has a purpose about finding optimal task assignment and researching strong point than Tandem system using 1 & 2 experiment totally.

Enhancing Task Assignment in Crowdsensing Systems Based on Sensing Intervals and Location

The popularity of mobile devices with sensors is captivating the attention of researchers to modern techniques,such as the internet of things(IoT)and mobile crowdsensing(MCS).The core concept behind MCS is to use the power of mobile sensors to accomplish a difficult task collaboratively,with each mobile user completing much simpler micro-tasks.This paper discusses the task assignment problem in mobile crowdsensing,which is dependent on sensing time and path planning with the constraints of participant travel distance budgets and sensing time intervals.The goal is to minimize aggregate sensing time for mobile users,which reduces energy consumption to encourage more participants to engage in sensing activities and maximize total task quality.This paper introduces a two-phase task assignment framework called location time-based algorithm(LTBA).LTBA is a framework that enhances task assignment in MCS,whereas assigning tasks requires overlapping time intervals between tasks and mobile users’tasks and the location of tasks and mobile users’paths.The process of assigning the nearest task to the mobile user’s current path depends on the ant colony optimization algorithm(ACO)and Euclidean distance.LTBA combines two algorithms:(1)greedy online allocation algorithm and(2)bio-inspired traveldistance-balance-based algorithm(B-DBA).The greedy algorithm was sensing time interval-based and worked on reducing the overall sensing time of the mobile user.B-DBA was location-based and worked on maximizing total task quality.The results demonstrate that the average task quality is 0.8158,0.7093,and 0.7733 for LTBA,B-DBA,and greedy,respectively.The sensing time was reduced to 644,1782,and 685 time units for LTBA,B-DBA,and greedy,respectively.Combining the algorithms improves task assignment in MCS for both total task quality and sensing time.The results demonstrate that combining the two algorithms in LTBA is the best performance for total task quality and total sensing time,and the greedy algorithm follows it then B-DBA.

Assigning Real-Time Tasks in Environmentally Powered Distributed Systems

Harvesting energy for execution from the environment (e.g., solar, wind energy) has recently emerged as a feasible solution for low-cost and low-power distributed systems. When real-time responsiveness of a given application has to be guaranteed, the recharge rate of obtaining energy inevitably affects the task scheduling. This paper extends our previous works in?[1] [2] to explore the real-time task assignment problem on an energy-harvesting distributed system. The solution using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and several significant improvements are presented. Simulations compare the performance of the approaches, which demonstrate the solutions effectiveness and efficiency.

边缘辅助群智感知位置隐私保护多任务分配机制

为了解决群智感知中隐私泄露和多任务分配的问题,提出了一种边缘辅助群智感知位置隐私保护(EALP)多任务分配机制。首先,考虑群感知任务具有地理相近特征,利用改进的模糊聚类(FCM)算法对任务位置进行聚类组合,改进聚类数目指标,提高多任务分配的合理性。接着,为了防止云平台和感知用户之间的共谋,在任务分配阶段,提出一种位置隐私保护协议,在感知用户、云服务器和边缘节点之间部署同态加密,云感知平台能够安全地计算感知用户的移动距离,而不知道感知用户的位置和任务聚类中心位置。最后,提出了一种基于蚁群算法多任务分配优化方案,兼顾平台和感知用户两者利益,优化感知用户执行任务路径。实验结果表明,与同类方法相比,所提机制在保护位置隐私的前提下提高了任务完成率,降低了系统的感知成本和用户移动成本。

分布式3D打印服务的实时多任务调度研究

针对分布式3D打印机(3DPs)在工业物联网(IIoT)中共享、协作、生产全球化的定制产品过程中,3D打印任务(3DPTs)在分布式3D打印机上分配工作量不平衡,以及提交的每个模型的定制属性和实时性等问题,文章提出了用于IIoT中个性化3D打印的实时绿色感知多任务调度架构,给出了一种稳健的在线分配算法,使得每个3D打印任务能够精确地满足用户定义属性,并且平衡了分布式3D打印机之间工作负荷,同时开发了一种基于优先级的自适应实时多任务调度(ARMPS)算法,实时调度每一个3D打印任务,满足3D打印任务的实时性以及动态性要求。在高负载下进行仿真实验,经性能评估测试,表明所提出的算法具有稳健性,调度架构具有鲁棒性和可扩展性。

多/单目标优化转换下的作战任务重分配

协同作战任务分配技术是近年来军事领域的研究热点之一,以往的研究一般将任务分配划分为预分配和动态分配2个阶段并独立进行研究,但是这种做法忽略了2个阶段之间的内在联系。针对这一问题,以多目标优化下的任务预分配和单目标优化下的任务动态分配为切入点,提出一种多/单目标优化转换思想。在动态任务分配阶段,通过决策者在预分配阶段的选择获取其主观偏好,基于获取的主观偏好将多目标优化转化为单目标优化后,使用合同网协议完成单目标任务重分配。仿真结果证明了所提出的多/单目标优化转换思想的正确性及其在动态任务分配问题中的适用性。

改进粒子群算法的紫外光协作多无人机任务分配方法

为了解决无人机协同作战问题,需要将多任务分配给多个无人机。利用无线紫外光实现强电磁干扰环境下无人机机间隐秘信息传输,提出一种改进粒子群算法的多无人机任务分配方法,综合考虑无人机执行任务所付出的威胁代价、航程代价以及完成任务的时间差,结合压缩因子和差分进化思想解决粒子群优化算法容易陷入局部最优的问题。仿真结果表明,改进粒子群算法相较于传统粒子群算法在不同无人机和任务数量比下的任务分配平均成功率提高了约16%,算法在收敛时的迭代次数平均减少了约4.5倍,最优适应度值平均减小了近一倍,在多无人机任务分配的实际应用中有一定的意义。