Analysis of morphological characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology and self-organizing map

A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-efficiency and have many errors.This study researched the spatial distribution and cluster characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology combined with a self-organizing map(SOM)and multivariate statistical methods in the grassland of northern Tibetan Plateau.Moreover,the correlation of morphological parameters of gravels between different cluster groups and the environmental factors affecting gravel distribution were analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels in northern region(cluster C)and southern region(cluster B)of the Tibetan Plateau were similar,with a low gravel coverage,small gravel diameter,and elongated shape.These regions were mainly distributed in high mountainous areas with large topographic relief.The central region(cluster A)has high coverage of gravels with a larger diameter,mainly distributed in high-altitude plains with smaller undulation.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed that the gravel distribution of cluster A may be mainly affected by vegetation,while those in clusters B and C could be mainly affected by topography,climate,and soil.The study confirmed that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM could effectively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of gravels,providing a new mode for gravel research.

A novel fractional uplink power control framework for self-organizing networks

Internet of things and network densification bring significant challenges to uplink management.Only depending on optimization algorithm enhancements is not enough for uplink transmission.To control intercell interference,Fractional Uplink Power Control(FUPC)should be optimized from network-wide perspective,which has to find a better traffic distribution model.Conventionally,traffic distribution is geographic-based,and ineffective due to tricky locating efforts.This paper proposes a novel uplink power management framework for Self-Organizing Networks(SON),which firstly builds up pathloss-based traffic distribution model and then makes the decision of FUPC based on the model.PathLoss-based Traffic Distribution(PLTD)aggregates traffic based on the propagation condition of traffic that is defined as the pathloss between the position generating the traffic and surrounding cells.Simulations show that the improvement in optimization efficiency of FUPC with PLTD can be up to 40%compared to conventional GeoGraphic-based Traffic Distribution(GGTD).

Generativity of Self-Organizing Processes and Their Correlative Description in Terms of a Formal Language of Meta-Ordinal Generative Nature, in the Light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle and the Explicit Solution to the “Three-Body Problem”

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the internal processes of Self-Organizing Systems represent a unique and singular process, characterized by their specific generativity. This process can be modeled using the Maximum Ordinality Principle and its associated formal language, known as the “Incipient” Differential Calculus (IDC).

Spatial Protection and Development of Traditional Mountain Settlements from the Perspective of Self-organization : A Case Study of Anju Ancient Town in Tongliang District, Chongqing

Through literature research, field research and urban design analysis methods, based on the self-organization theory, the evolution characteristics of the settlement space of Anju Ancient Town with significant characteristics of traditional mountain settlements were analyzed, and then its internal and external influencing factors were summarized. Finally, appropriate protection and development strategies were proposed, such as reasonably planning functional zones, breaking through the single structure, and creating a good living cultural environment. The innovation of this study is that it integrates the self-organization theory into the cognition of traditional mountain settlement space, and discusses the connection between the mountain settlement space and the traditional regional context under the modern development concept, so as to seek the benign protection and reasonable development of traditional mountain settlement space.

基于NNs-MRAS无速度传感器双馈电机LQR控制

针对双馈电机无速度传感器控制系统,提出了一种基于定子磁链的神经网络-模型参考自适应系统(NNs-MRAS)的速度观测法,采用差分算法设计了神经网络(NNs)模型,通过偏差反传算法对神经网络模型进行训练,使其具有良好的转速观测能力;设计了基于两相同步旋转坐标系下转子电流的线性二次型最优控制算法的控制器(LQR),并给出了状态反馈控制增益,实现了电流闭环参数的最优控制,改善了系统的动、静态性能。详尽地推导所述控制方案的实现过程,并通过基于DSP实现的样机试验,验证了控制方案的正确性和有效性。

能谱分维函数的三种形式与邻间距(NNS)分布

由重标变换群出发,结合粗粒慨念,全面引出三种形式的能谱分维函数,揭示了它们之间的关系及其与邻间距(NNS)分布函数的联系,同时还对这种联系的成立条件及分维函数具有统计意义的范围加以了论证。

NNS模型及其对宏观经济学的新发展

20世纪80年代以来,新兴新古典综合(NNS)模型被广泛运用于解释具有微观基础的宏观经济问题。本文考察NNS模型的总体研究工作,论证其对于当下宏观经济学的新发展及意义。NNS模型分析性地说明:价格稳定将继续作为好的货币政策的基础,保证货币政策达到家庭福利最大化;在实际操作中,通过锚定预期未来通货膨胀,利率政策通过促进价格稳定的可信性强化了杠杆作用,导致利率政策在最大程度上促进了当前的总需求;只要现金优先的解释暗示了如果价格下降,产出只能增加,那么可以发现,扩张型的财政政策必然会在货币外生的体制下产生通货紧缩的后果。NNS模型对于中国经验具有一定的解释力。

基于NNs模型的轻骨料混凝土梁抗剪分析

混凝土构件的抗剪问题始终未形成统一定论。优化多层前馈神经网络(NNs)模型使用反向传播算法及提前终止技术,能够合理考虑各层神经元几何与材料特性。基于神经网络建立了轻骨料混凝土梁的受剪承载力计算模型,并搜集国内外82组轻骨料混凝土梁受剪试验结果作为样本数据,分为训练组、验证组及测试组,通过与试验值对比分析验证了计算模型的合理性和准确性。研究表明:训练组、验证组及测试组的试验值与NNs模型计算值比值的平均值分别为0.953、1.064和1.124,方差为0.147、0.034和0.091,NNs模型的计算结果能很好的对轻骨料钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪承载力进行预测,并能充分考虑各影响因素的显著性。

基于财务报表的NN糖业企业营运资金管理绩效分析

对制糖企业营运资金管理绩效进行分析与评价,能有效帮助制糖企业提高营运资金管理水平,把握企业营运资金管理规律。文章基于要素视角,对NN糖业营运资金管理绩效进行案例分析;借助NN糖业财务报表信息,通过综合运用企业营运资金分析理论,基于供应链视角总结了NN糖业企业营运资金管理绩效现状与提升策略。建议企业应收账款、存货等流动资产的作用充分发挥,在甘蔗收购需要大量流动资金时可采用供应链金融中的应收账款融资模式、存货质押融资模式来取得银行信贷资金,以满足榨季流动资金的需要,提升营运资金管理绩效。

Patterns of upper layer circulation variability in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry using the self-organizing map

Patterns of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation variability are extracted from merged satellite altimetry data from October 1992 through August 2004 by using the self-organizing map (SOM). The annual cycle, seasonal and inter-annual variations of the SCS surface circulation are identified through the evolution of the characteristic circulation patterns.The annual cycle of the SCS general circulation patterns is described as a change between two opposite basin-scale SW-NE oriented gyres embedded with eddies: low sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) (cyclonic) in winter and high SSHA (anticyclonic) in summer half year. The transition starts from July—August (January—February) with a high (low) SSHA tongue east of Vietnam around 12°~14° N, which develops into a big anticyclonic (cyclonic) gyre while moving eastward to the deep basin. During the transitions, a dipole structure, cyclonic (anticyclonic) in the north and anticyclonic (cyclonic) in the south, may be formed southeast off Vietnam with a strong zonal jet around 10°~12° N. The seasonal variation is modulated by the interannual variations. Besides the strong 1997/1998 event in response to the peak Pacific El Nio in 1997, the overall SCS sea level is found to have a significant rise during 1999~2001, however, in summer 2004 the overall SCS sea level is lower and the basin-wide anticyclonic gyre becomes weaker than the other years.

Data-Driven Microstructure and Microhardness Design in Additive Manufacturing Using a Self-Organizing Map

To design microstructure and microhardness in the additive manufacturing(AM)of nickel(Ni)-based superalloys,the present work develops a novel data-driven approach that combines physics-based models,experimental measurements,and a data-mining method.The simulation is based on a computational thermal-fluid dynamics(CtFD)model,which can obtain thermal behavior,solidification parameters such as cooling rate,and the dilution of solidified clad.Based on the computed thermal information,dendrite arm spacing and microhardness are estimated using well-tested mechanistic models.Experimental microstructure and microhardness are determined and compared with the simulated values for validation.To visualize process-structure-properties(PSPs)linkages,the simulation and experimental datasets are input to a data-mining model-a self-organizing map(SOM).The design windows of the process parameters under multiple objectives can be obtained from the visualized maps.The proposed approaches can be utilized in AM and other data-intensive processes.Data-driven linkages between process,structure,and properties have the potential to benefit online process monitoring control in order to derive an ideal microstructure and mechanical properties.

Hydrogeochemical characterization and quality assessment of groundwater using self-organizing maps in the Hangjinqi gasfield area,Ordos Basin,NW China

Water resources are scarce in arid or semiarid areas,which not only limits economic development,but also threatens the survival of mankind.The local communities around the Hangjinqi gasfield depend on groundwater sources for water supply.A clear understanding of the groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics and the groundwater quality and its seasonal cycle is invaluable and indispensable for groundwater protection and management.In this study,self-organizing maps were used in combination with the quantization and topographic errors and K-means clustering method to investigate groundwater chemistry datasets.The Piper and Gibbs diagrams and saturation index were systematically applied to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater from both rainy and dry seasons.Further,the entropy-weighted theory was used to characterize groundwater quality and assess its seasonal variability and suitability for drinking purposes.Our hydrochemical groundwater dataset,consisting of 10 parameters measured during both dry and rainy seasons,was classified into 6 clusters,and the Piper diagram revealed three hydrochemical facies:Cl-Na type(clusters 1,2 and 3),mixed type(clusters 4 and 5),and HCO3-Ca type(cluster 6).The Gibbs diagram and saturation index suggested thatweathering of rock-forming mineralswere the primary process controlling groundwater chemical composition and validated the credibility and practicality of the clustering results.Two-thirds of 45 groundwater samples were categorized as excellent-or good-quality and were suitable as drinking water.Cluster changes within the same and different clusters from the dry season to the rainy season were detected in approximately 78%of the collected samples.The main factors affecting the groundwater quality were hydrogeochemical characteristics,and dry season groundwater quality was better than rainy season groundwater quality.Based on this work,such results can be used to investigate the seasonal variation of hydrogeochemical characteristics and assess water quality accurately in the others similar area.

PCA和NNs地域体育产业竞争力综合评价模型的研究

地域经济的发展是国家经济整体发展的基础,地域体育产业是整体体育产业发展的基础环节.提升中国体育产业竞争力,必须先提高地域体育产业的竞争力.因此,目前国内外许多学者关于产业竞争力的评价进行了相关研究,得到各类产业竞争力的评价模型,但他们的研究大都是定性分析,或多或少带有主观性,在此基础上,做进一步的修正和拓展.通过模糊理论、神经网络模型和主成分分析法,建立客观的综合评价体系,得到科学、公正的地域体育产业竞争力的综合评价模型,并指出提高竞争力的关键和方法.

CLUSTERING PROPERTIES OF FUZZY KOHONEN'S SELF-ORGANIZING FEATURE MAPS

A new clustering algorithm called fuzzy self-organizing feature maps is introduced. It can process not only the exact digital inputs, but also the inexact or fuzzy non-digital inputs, such as natural language inputs. Simulation results show that the new algorithm is superior to original Kohonen’s algorithm in clustering performance and learning rate.

Feature Extraction of Kernel Regress Reconstruction for Fault Diagnosis Based on Self-organizing Manifold Learning

The feature space extracted from vibration signals with various faults is often nonlinear and of high dimension.Currently,nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods are available for extracting low-dimensional embeddings,such as manifold learning.However,these methods are all based on manual intervention,which have some shortages in stability,and suppressing the disturbance noise.To extract features automatically,a manifold learning method with self-organization mapping is introduced for the first time.Under the non-uniform sample distribution reconstructed by the phase space,the expectation maximization(EM) iteration algorithm is used to divide the local neighborhoods adaptively without manual intervention.After that,the local tangent space alignment(LTSA) algorithm is adopted to compress the high-dimensional phase space into a more truthful low-dimensional representation.Finally,the signal is reconstructed by the kernel regression.Several typical states include the Lorenz system,engine fault with piston pin defect,and bearing fault with outer-race defect are analyzed.Compared with the LTSA and continuous wavelet transform,the results show that the background noise can be fully restrained and the entire periodic repetition of impact components is well separated and identified.A new way to automatically and precisely extract the impulsive components from mechanical signals is proposed.

Application of Self-Organizing Feature Map Neural Network Based on K-means Clustering in Network Intrusion Detection

Due to the widespread use of the Internet,customer information is vulnerable to computer systems attack,which brings urgent need for the intrusion detection technology.Recently,network intrusion detection has been one of the most important technologies in network security detection.The accuracy of network intrusion detection has reached higher accuracy so far.However,these methods have very low efficiency in network intrusion detection,even the most popular SOM neural network method.In this paper,an efficient and fast network intrusion detection method was proposed.Firstly,the fundamental of the two different methods are introduced respectively.Then,the selforganizing feature map neural network based on K-means clustering(KSOM)algorithms was presented to improve the efficiency of network intrusion detection.Finally,the NSLKDD is used as network intrusion data set to demonstrate that the KSOM method can significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration than SOM method without substantially affecting the clustering results and the accuracy is much higher than Kmeans method.The Experimental results show that our method can relatively improve the accuracy of network intrusion and significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration.

Adaptive Surrogate Model Based Optimization (ASMBO) for Unknown Groundwater Contaminant Source Characterizations Using Self-Organizing Maps

Characterization of unknown groundwater contaminant sources in terms of location, magnitude and duration of source activity is a complex problem. In this study, to increase the efficiency and accuracy of source characterization an alternative methodology to the methodologies proposed earlier is developed. This methodology, Adaptive Surrogate Modeling Based Optimization (ASMBO) uses the capabilities of Self Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm to design the surrogate models and adaptive surrogate models for source characterization. The most important advantage of this methodology is its direct utilization for groundwater contaminant characterization without the necessity of utilizing a linked simulation optimization model. The validation of the SOM based surrogate models and SOM based adaptive surrogate models demonstrates that the quantity and quality of initial sample sizes have crucial role on the accuracy of solutions as the designed monitoring locations. The performance evaluation results of the proposed methodology are obtained using error free and erroneous concentration measurement data. These results demonstrate that the developed methodology could approximate groundwater flow and transport simulation models, and substitute the optimization model for characterization of unknown groundwater contaminant sources in terms of location, magnitude and duration of source activity.

Waterlogging risk assessment based on self-organizing map(SOM)artificial neural networks:a case study of an urban storm in Beijing

Due to rapid urbanization, waterlogging induced by torrential rainfall has become a global concern and a potential risk affecting urban habitant's safety. Widespread waterlogging disasters haveoccurred almost annuallyinthe urban area of Beijing, the capital of China. Based on a selforganizing map(SOM) artificial neural network(ANN), a graded waterlogging risk assessment was conducted on 56 low-lying points in Beijing, China. Social risk factors, such as Gross domestic product(GDP), population density, and traffic congestion, were utilized as input datasets in this study. The results indicate that SOM-ANNis suitable for automatically and quantitatively assessing risks associated with waterlogging. The greatest advantage of SOM-ANN in the assessment of waterlogging risk is that a priori knowledge about classification categories and assessment indicator weights is not needed. As a result, SOM-ANN can effectively overcome interference from subjective factors,producing classification results that are more objective and accurate. In this paper, the risk level of waterlogging in Beijing was divided into five grades. The points that were assigned risk grades of IV or Vwere located mainly in the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng, and Dongcheng.

MLP training in a self-organizing state space model using unscented Kalman particle filter

Many Bayesian learning approaches to the multi-layer perceptron （MLP） parameter optimization have been proposed such as the extended Kalman filter （EKF）. This paper uses the unscented Kalman particle filter （UPF） to train the MLP in a self- organizing state space （SOSS） model. This involves forming augmented state vectors consisting of all parameters （the weights of the MLP） and outputs. The UPF is used to sequentially update the true system states and high dimensional parameters that are inherent to the SOSS moder for the MLP simultaneously. Simulation results show that the new method performs better than traditional optimization methods.

Intrusion Detection Method Based on Improved Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map

Considering that growing hierarchical self-organizing map(GHSOM) ignores the influence of individual component in sample vector analysis, and its accurate rate in detecting unknown network attacks is relatively lower, an improved GHSOM method combined with mutual information is proposed. After theoretical analysis, experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by accurately clustering the input data. Based on different clusters, the complex relationship within the data can be revealed effectively.