The xenia effect results in pollen affecting the setting rate and the appearance and quality of fruits. To further understand this phenomenon,we investigated the xenia effect in Castanea henryi using the cultivars ‘H...The xenia effect results in pollen affecting the setting rate and the appearance and quality of fruits. To further understand this phenomenon,we investigated the xenia effect in Castanea henryi using the cultivars ‘Huali 1', ‘Huali 2', ‘Huali 3', and ‘Huangzhen' as materials. Twenty combinations of self-, cross-, and natural pollination were undertaken in a chestnut orchard in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, China. Significant differences were observed among the pollination combinations in terms of the time of fruit ripening, rate of fruit setting, size of the barbed shell and nut, and content of soluble sugars, fats, proteins, amylose, and vitamin C. No significant differences were observed with regard to nut rate,content of total starch, and moisture content. The fruit quality of the 20 pollination combinations was evaluated using a subordinate function method,and showed that Huali 2 × Huali 3 was the best combination, and Huangzhen × Huangzhen was the most ineffective combination. Therefore, we recommend the combination of Huali 2 × Huali 3 for the future production of C. henryi.展开更多
Aims Floral traits in animal-pollinated plants are proposed to be selected by the behavior of pollinators,which create differential fitness.However,fitness estimation is not trivial and there is no agreed or universal...Aims Floral traits in animal-pollinated plants are proposed to be selected by the behavior of pollinators,which create differential fitness.However,fitness estimation is not trivial and there is no agreed or universal measure of fitness.in plants,fitness can be measured in various ways,including the number of fruits or seeds,probability of survival,or growth rate.Methods Because each fitness measure can be associated with different pol-linator behavior,estimating pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits can differ among various fitness measures.We used the annual Mediterranean plant,Linum pubescens,as a model to assess the relative role of various fitness measures in estimating pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits.We compared four maternal fit-ness measures and estimated their relative advantage in assessing natural selection on floral traits of L.pubescens.To identify whether each trait is under pollinator-mediated selection,we used media-tional analysis.Important Findings We found that each floral trait was under natural selection assessed by a different fitness measure.The color combination of floral tube throat and stamen color was under selection when using seed mass as a fitness measure,and floral diameter was under positive direc-tional selection when the number of seeds or number of fruits was used as a fitness measure.Selection on floral color was not mediated by pollinators’visitation rates,while flower diameter showed par-tial pollinator-mediated selection.We conclude that using several fitness measures gives an insight into the mechanisms underlying phenotypic selection on a floral trait,and facilitates the understand-ing of pollinator-mediated selection.展开更多
基金Financial support was provided by the ‘12th Five-Year’ Science and Technology Support Program of China (2013BAD14B04)
文摘The xenia effect results in pollen affecting the setting rate and the appearance and quality of fruits. To further understand this phenomenon,we investigated the xenia effect in Castanea henryi using the cultivars ‘Huali 1', ‘Huali 2', ‘Huali 3', and ‘Huangzhen' as materials. Twenty combinations of self-, cross-, and natural pollination were undertaken in a chestnut orchard in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, China. Significant differences were observed among the pollination combinations in terms of the time of fruit ripening, rate of fruit setting, size of the barbed shell and nut, and content of soluble sugars, fats, proteins, amylose, and vitamin C. No significant differences were observed with regard to nut rate,content of total starch, and moisture content. The fruit quality of the 20 pollination combinations was evaluated using a subordinate function method,and showed that Huali 2 × Huali 3 was the best combination, and Huangzhen × Huangzhen was the most ineffective combination. Therefore, we recommend the combination of Huali 2 × Huali 3 for the future production of C. henryi.
文摘Aims Floral traits in animal-pollinated plants are proposed to be selected by the behavior of pollinators,which create differential fitness.However,fitness estimation is not trivial and there is no agreed or universal measure of fitness.in plants,fitness can be measured in various ways,including the number of fruits or seeds,probability of survival,or growth rate.Methods Because each fitness measure can be associated with different pol-linator behavior,estimating pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits can differ among various fitness measures.We used the annual Mediterranean plant,Linum pubescens,as a model to assess the relative role of various fitness measures in estimating pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits.We compared four maternal fit-ness measures and estimated their relative advantage in assessing natural selection on floral traits of L.pubescens.To identify whether each trait is under pollinator-mediated selection,we used media-tional analysis.Important Findings We found that each floral trait was under natural selection assessed by a different fitness measure.The color combination of floral tube throat and stamen color was under selection when using seed mass as a fitness measure,and floral diameter was under positive direc-tional selection when the number of seeds or number of fruits was used as a fitness measure.Selection on floral color was not mediated by pollinators’visitation rates,while flower diameter showed par-tial pollinator-mediated selection.We conclude that using several fitness measures gives an insight into the mechanisms underlying phenotypic selection on a floral trait,and facilitates the understand-ing of pollinator-mediated selection.
