Design and Research of Active Heave Compensation System Based on Laser Ranging Sensor

Marine resource exploitation and marine cargo transportation were increasingly frequent. Due to the impact of the marine environment, ships or platforms were affected. In this paper, a servo electric cylinder was used as a wave compensation actuator to design a wave compensation system. The laser sensor was used to measure the displacement in the direction of the heave platform, and the obtained displacement was applied to the wave compensation in the heave direction to verify the feasibility of the compensation system.

Design and implementation of model test installation of heave compensation system of deepsea mining

In order to validate the simulation model and develop heave compensation control strategy,heave compensation model tests were performed.The model test installation includes themining ship motion simulator,the heave compensation system,the lifting pipe simulator,the buffer simulator and the water pool.The tests ofmining ship motion simulator show that it is able to perform under the predetermined attitude path smoothly and can meet the requirements of themining ship motions.The heave compensation effect is more than 60% under random wave and the goal is set to be 50%.The model test results indicate that this heave compensation system is effective and feasible.

Wave Heave Compensation Based on An Optimized Backstepping Control Method

The vessel heave motion caused by wave action increases the difficulty of installing offshore wind equipment.On-board wave heave compensation devices have therefore become increasingly critical in ensuring the stability and safety of the gangway and working platform.This study accordingly improves the compensation effect of such devices by developing a wave heave compensation model and designing an optimized backstepping control method.First,a model of the compensation system including the servo motor and electric cylinder is established by using the mechanism method.Second,a backstepping control method is designed to track the vessel heave motion,and particle swarm optimization is applied to optimize the control parameters.Finally,MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the application of the optimized backstepping controller,then regular and irregular heave motions are applied as input to a Stewart platform to evaluate the effectiveness of the control method.The experimental results show that the compensation efficiency provided by the proposed optimized backstepping control method is larger than 75.0%.

Semi-active predictive control strategy for seismically excited structures using MRF-04K dampers

The theoretical study of a semi-active predictive control(SAPC) system with magnetorheological(MR) dampers to reduce the responses of seismically excited structures was presented.The SAPC scheme is based on a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an object function,which has a function of self-compensation for time delay occurring in real application.A double-ended shear mode combined with a valve mode MR damper,named MRF-04K damper,with the maximum force of 20 kN was designed and manufactured,and parameters of the Bouc-Wen hysteresis model were determined to portray the behavior of this damper.As an example,a 5-story building frame equipped with 2 MRF-04K dampers was presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed SAPC scheme for addressing time delay and reducing the structural responses under different earthquakes.Comparison with the uncontrolled structure,the passive-off and passive-on cases indicates that both the peak and the norm values of structural responses are all clearly reduced,and the SAPC scheme has a better performance than the two passive cases.

Phase deviation of semi-active suspension control and its compensation with inertial suspension

The performance of vehicle suspension is evaluated based on three conflicting indexes:body acceleration,suspension deflection,and dynamic tire load,which vary across different frequency bands.The suspension control strategy faces the challenge to strike a balance among these indexes.This research analyzes the fundamental mechanism of control phase deviation effects on skyhook damper control,groundhook damper control,and acceleration drive damper control.From the perspective of complex domain mechanical impedance with the support of the inertial suspension,a structure-based compensation approach is proposed to address for the control phase deviation.The simulation analysis demonstrates that the coordination of inertial suspension structure and control strategy can effectively enhance the comprehensive suspension performance across entire frequency range.Finally,a semi-active inertial suspension bench is implemented.The experimental results indicate that the suspension with the semi-active inertial suspension has outstanding vibration isolation ability,and enhances the suspension performance at ride comfort,suspension deflection,and road friendly significantly.

Adaptive Robust Control for an Active Heave Compensation System

Active heave compensation systems are usually employed in offshore and deep-sea operations to reduce the adverse impact of unexpected vessel’s vertical motion on the response of underwater instruments.This paper presents a control strategy for an active heave compensation system consisting of an electro-hydraulic system driven by a double rod actuator,which is subjected to parametric uncertainties and unmeasured environmental disturbances.Adaptive observer and discontinuous projection type updating law with bounded adaption rate are presented firstly to estimate the uncertain system parameters.Then a similar estimation algorithm is designed by using a multiple delayed version of the system to enhance the performance of parameter observation.A reduced order observer is also introduced to estimate unknown wave disturbances.Using the obtained uncertainty information,the resulting control development and stability analysis are implemented based on the Lyapunov’s direct method and back-stepping technique.The proposed controller guarantees the heave compensation error convergent to a bounded neighborhood around the origin.Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

深海起重机升沉补偿滑模预测控制

受海浪、风力等因素的干扰,深海起重机升沉补偿系统的响应速度缓慢,系统对于负载位移的控制精度较差。为了提高升沉补偿系统响应速度与系统对负载位移的控制精度,保证起重机在各种海况下正常作业,提出了基于CNN-LSTM深度学习网络的滑模预测控制方法。首先,将CNN网络与LSTM网络结合,建立CNN-LSTM深度学习网络控制系统预测模型。其次,通过参考位移与实际位移的误差建立滑模面,并根据幂次函数设计滑模面参考轨迹;采用粒子群算法(PSO)对性能指标进行寻优,得出控制律,根据控制律控制负载实际位移跟随参考位移。最后,进行了仿真研究。结果表明与传统模型预测控制相比,在该方法的控制作用下,系统的响应速度更快,系统对负载位移的控制精度更高,系统的鲁棒性能更强。

海上搜救打捞装备发展研究

搜救打捞是海上安全的最后一道防线,为国家综合运输体系建设、海洋经济可持续发展提供可靠保障;搜救打捞装备是履行海上人员安全、环境安全、财产救助、应急抢险打捞等公益性职责,保障国家海上物流供应链安全的重要支撑。本文从目标搜寻定位与探测装备、海上人命救助装备、海上环境救助装备、打捞工程专用装备四方面着手,全面梳理了国外海上搜救打捞装备的发展现状,以及我国海上搜救打捞装备的研制与应用进展。与国外发达国家相比,我国海上搜救打捞装备发展存在搜寻定位装备落后、海上人命救助能力不强、危化品处置能力较低、大吨位沉船打捞能力薄弱等问题。在进一步辨识海上搜救打捞装备发展前沿的基础上,提出了加大关键装备的研发投入、推动搜救打捞装备的升级迭代、强化科技创新能力以提升装备智能化水平、部署搜救打捞技术装备攻关工程、提供相应产业政策支持等建议,以期促进我国海上搜救打捞装备高质量发展。

Research on the Performance of Passive Heave Compensator for Tethered Remotely Operated Vehicle System

A passive heave compensator is designed to enhance the operation safety of a 4.5 km remotely operated vehicle (ROV).This paper proposes a novel idea of designing a compensator with relatively low natural period to optimize gas volume and while adding a special device to remove the problem of ineffectiveness and resonance in long seas.Numerical simulations are done based on serious dynamic model of the whole system,including the compensator,the umbilical tether and the vehicle,solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme.The compensator provides great attenuation of motion and tension in most sea states.As the working depth increases,the system natural period decreases,resulting in the occurrence of risk of resonance.By regulating the system damping,the compensator can be effective in these situations.

Feasibility Study on Recovering Human-Occupied Vehicle with An Offshore Crane

Launching and recovering human-occupied vehicles(HOVs)has always been a challenging problem.The current recovery process requires staff to manually complete the tethering task,which is inefficient and endangers the lives of staff.This paper suggests moving the recovery position from the surface to underwater at approximately half the wavelength of the water depth(30−50 m underwater),where the HOV experiences less environmental disturbance.An ROV equipped with a ultra-short baseline beacon(USBL)and a manipulator was used to complete the tethering operation.Additionally,a shackle customized to the shape of the manipulator’s gripper is fitted to the end of the cable to simplify the tethering process.To investigate the dynamic response of recovering the HOV using this suggested method,a comprehensive numerical model is developed in this research.The effects of wind,surface waves,ocean currents,and nonlinear interaction between the installation vessel and the HOV are quantitatively examined.The results show that the proposed recovery method can reduce the motion amplitude of the HOV and that the wave has the greatest influence on the dynamic response of the HOV during the recovery process.This model provides better insight into the proposed HOV recovery method and confirms the effectiveness of the heave compensation system.The proposed approach aims to enhance safety and operational efficiency by reducing direct human involvement in the recovery process and mitigating potential dangers.This finding holds particular significance,especially in environmentally sensitive areas,where reducing the impact on the surrounding ecosystem is crucial.

半主动升沉补偿系统的预测控制与联合仿真分析

针对半主动升沉补偿系统响应滞后和非线性时变的特点,提出半主动升沉补偿系统的预测控制与联合仿真分析。以PSO-BiLSTM模型预测的船舶升沉位移作为控制信号输入,Terminal滑模控制器控制复合液压缸,补偿负载因船舶运动产生的升沉位移。建立AMESim-Simulink联合仿真系统,对比有无预测模型下的3种控制补偿性能,验证了采用PSO-BiLSTM预测算法的Terminal滑模控制半主动升沉补偿系统效果良好,补偿率可达95.63%,比PID控制和普通滑模控制分别提高11.07%和5.51%。仿真结果表明,精确的预测数据作为控制输入,可以有效地缩短响应时滞,提高位移补偿精度。

主动波浪补偿起重机控制系统设计

为实现用于船—船并靠补给起重机的主动波浪补偿功能,文章提出了一种基于双船动态姿态测量的控制方法,并根据该方法设计了控制系统应用于50 t主动波浪补偿起重机。经过工厂试验和海事试验验证,起重机的补偿精度达到了95%。

天车升沉补偿系统摇摆装置的设计

为了确定天车升沉补偿系统关键部件摇摆装置的结构参数,基于Simulink软件系统,建立摇摆装置的数学模型,对天车、补偿缸和摇臂装置进行了系统动力学数值模拟,分析了摇摆装置钢丝绳倾角、钢丝绳对天车作用力与天车位移之间的相互关系,以及摇臂装置2个摇臂夹角与补偿缸受力状态的关系.研究表明:摇摆装置的摇臂长度、摇臂下臂固定铰链点位置等结构参数对天车的运动规律、受力状态和补偿性能具有较大影响,天车从最低临界位置向最高临界位置运动的过程中,补偿缸受力随两摇臂夹角的增大先减小后增大.计算得到了摇摆装置各摇臂的长度,确定了摇臂下臂固定铰链点的位置参数和补偿缸固定铰链点的位置参数.

深海采矿装置的自动升沉补偿系统的模拟研究

分析了深海采矿装置的自动升沉补偿系统的重要性和研究现状。提出了一种主动型升沉补偿系统,解决了深海采矿装置升沉运动信号采集的关键难题。根据相似原理建立了主动型升沉补偿系统的模拟试验系统并研究了其控制策略。试验结果表明,所提出的主动型升沉补偿系统是可行的,具有较高的补偿精度。直接为我国开发海洋矿产资源的战略提供服务。

半主动式钻井绞车升沉补偿系统

为了简化海洋钻井绞车升沉补偿系统的结构、降低主动式绞车补偿系统的能耗,通过系统结构设计、系统建模、内模PID鲁棒位移控制器设计等,设计了一种半主动式海洋钻井绞车升沉补偿系统,并通过非线性时域仿真与实验研究对系统进行了验证。系统结构设计实现了升沉补偿与自动送钻两种运动的解耦控制,降低了系统能耗。系统建模时采用质量集中法和能量守恒原则对系统进行了简化。提出了外环大钩位移闭环与内环电机转速闭环的双层控制方案,设计了外层内模PID鲁棒位移控制器,内模控制在模型匹配与模型失配情况下的稳态偏差均为零,滤波器时间常数越小动态性能越好、抗干扰能力越强。仿真模拟和实验研究的补偿率均在90%以上,补偿效果良好,系统具有可行性。

基于DSP的主动式波浪补偿起重机控制系统设计

设计了一种基于DSP(Digital Signal Processing)的主动式波浪补偿起重机的控制系统,分析了系统的工作原理与功能要求,研究了DSP控制核心及其外围接口,完成了前向通道设计ZRS-422串行通信人机接口设计、后向通道设计以及整个DSP控制系统软件设计,并采用Matlab进行了系统仿真。将该控制系统成功应用于主动式波浪补偿系统缩比样机,实验表明样机的主动补偿性能良好,工作稳定可靠。

一种新型主动式波浪补偿系统的原理及数学建模

基于差动行星齿轮传动机构,提出了一种新型主动式波浪补偿系统。介绍了波浪补偿的系统组成,在分析差动行星轮系调速特性的基础上,阐述了波浪补偿系统的工作原理和补偿机制。根据波浪补偿的两个主要目的,按照从补给船吊装载荷到被补给船的整个工作过程,建立了波浪补偿系统的数学模型,为实现系统的计算机控制提供依据。

深海采矿升沉补偿系统建模及其模糊控制仿真

根据中国大洋协会(COMRA)拟定的1 000 m大洋多金属结核中试采矿系统中升沉补偿子系统设计方案及1 km海试的状况,应用牛顿第二运动定律和MATLAB软件,创建了该系统的数学模型,对该数学模型进行模糊控制仿真研究。仿真结果表明:1 km海试总体设计中提出的双油缸主动控制升沉补偿系统可适应海试要求,在4级海况条件下,对系统实施模糊逻辑控制能得到满意的控制效果。但在复杂海况条件下,随着外扰频率逐渐增加,系统的升沉补偿效果会不断下降,当外扰频率大于0.7 Hz时,主动式模糊控制几乎无减振效果。因此,建议在0～0.7 Hz范围内采用主动式模糊控制,而在外扰频率大于0.7 Hz范围内实施被动式升沉补偿。

海洋钻机补偿绞车能耗计算与实验测试

为了优化半主动式补偿绞车的结构、验证该系统的节能及补偿效果,对万米钻井补偿绞车的功率及能耗进行了计算与数值仿真。结果表明：主动式补偿绞车主要克服钻柱负载与传动效率损失;半主动式补偿绞车主要克服传动效率损失、传动系统惯性与被动液压马达扭矩波动。综合考虑能耗、钢丝绳寿命、强度等因素,优化了半主动式补偿绞车的电-液驱动方案与关键结构参数,该系统相对于主动式补偿绞车的节能效果明显。研制了一套载荷2.3 t的补偿绞车原理样机,实验结果表明：绞车补偿的控制效果良好,峰值功率、能耗的变化规律与理论分析基本一致;随补偿幅值的增大,半主动补偿相对于主动补偿节能46.5%～26.7%;补偿载荷越大、传动惯性越小、传动效率越高,节能效果越明显。

深海采矿升沉补偿系统非线性仿真模型的建立和试验

利用Simulink软件和功率键合图建立了深海采矿主动型升沉补偿系统的仿真模型 ,该系统保留了非线性因素、无需编程、具有图形化的用户界面、物理意义强、仿真参数的修改和仿真结果的观察处理方便等优点。升沉补偿模拟系统的仿真结果和试验结果具有较高的一致性 ,表明该系统的非线性仿真模型是准确的。