欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris Linn.)对干旱环境的适应

采用石蜡切片法,研究了欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris Linn.)营养器官的显微结构,以探讨其对干旱环境的适应性特点。结果表明:根和茎木质部导管发达,提高了输导能力;薄壁组织丰富,提高了储水能力;叶片表皮细胞外切向壁角质层发达,有利于减少水分散失;同化组织发达,能够适应干旱环境对光合作用的负面影响。欧洲千里光长期生活在干旱环境中,产生了许多适应性结构。

Monoterpene and tetrahydronaphthene derivatives from Senecio argunensis

Two new compounds, senarguines A and B, were isolated from Senecio argunensis. They were respectively identified as （Z）-3- ethylidene-9-hydroxyl-9-methyl-6,7-dioxaspiro [4.4] nonane-5,8-dione （1） and 3,6,6-trimethyl 6,7,8-tetrahydronaphtha-[1,2b] furan （2） on the basis of spectral data.

Saluenolide A,A Novel Eremophilanolide from Senecio saluenensis

From Senecio saluenensis, a novel eremophilanolide Saluenolide A was isolated. Its structure was elucidated by 2D-NMR technique and X-ray diffraction.

Activity-guided isolation and identification of anti-staphylococcal components from Senecio tenuifolius Burm.F.leaf extracts

Objective:To investigate activity-guided isolation and identification of anti-Staphylococcus aures components from Senecio tenuifolius Burm.F.(S.tenuifolius).Methods:Hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and aqueous extracts of S.tenuifolius were prepared by soxilation for antimicrobial activity against one registered Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(ATCC No:25923)and two clinical isolates,methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S.aureus.NCCL standard methods were followed for antibacterial activity.GC-MS was performed to identify the chemical composition of bio active fraction.Results:Among all solvent extracts,methanol extract significantly reduced the growth of S.aureus(ATCC No:25923),methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S.aureus with the best zone of inhibition at 16.23,14.06 and 15.23mm and minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)values at 426.16,683.22 and 512.12μg/mL,respectively.In order to detect the active component in methanol extract,it was further purified by column chromatography,which yielded four fractions(St1,St2,St3,and St4).Among these four fractions,St3 was effective against the tested strains of S.aures,with the best zone of inhibition at 15.09,13.25 and 14.12 mm and with best MIC values at 88.16,128.11 and 116.12μg/mL,respectively.Effective fraction partially purified from S.tenuifolius(St3)yielded MIC's that were at least 20 fold less when compared to crude extract.GC-MS analysis of St3 revealed the presence of 3-[methyl-6,7-dihydro benzofuran-4(5H)-one],1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,hydroquinone,methyl ester and 3 unknown compounds.Conclusions:The study provides scientific evidence for traditional and folklore medicinal use of S.tenuifolius in skin infections treatment.

A New Eremophilanoid Sesquiterpene from Senecio oldhamianus

A new Eremophilanoid sesquiterpene (1) was isolated from the whole plant of Senecio oldhamianus. Its structure was elucidated as 7? 11-epoxy-9? 10?epoxy-8-oxoeremophilane using spectroscopic methords and X-ray analysis.

不同花色瓜叶菊(Senecio cruentus)过氧化物酶同工酶的分析研究

同工酶分子的多样性由基因决定,同工酶的发生与基因进化及种的演变有关。因此,同工酶也能明显地表现其种属的特异性。本文取材于不同花色品系的瓜叶菊,对其过氧化物酶同工酶进行了测试。通过酶谱比较分析,确定和论证了不同花色瓜叶菊间的基因作用关系和由同一基因经突变产生的可能性。1 .材料与方法取4月下旬和5月上旬育龄相同的白色、蓝色、红色、粉红色、土红色、紫色和黄色等七类花色瓜叶菊的叶片为材料。采用垂直平板聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法电泳3小时。抗坏血酸—

千里光属(Senecio)13种植物的形态和组织学特征

千里光在很多中成药中应用,但因其含有肝毒性吡咯里西啶生物碱而引起国际上的关注。为保证临床用药的安全,本文对千里光属11种、2变种药用植物的形态组织学特征进行了鉴定研究,了解千里光属植物的显微鉴定特征,为该类生药的商品鉴定提供依据。在性状鉴定的基础上,对千里光属生药茎横切面、叶表皮形态进行了观察比较。千里光属药材在生药性状、茎横切面、叶表面垂周壁观形态特征具有不同程度的差异,可以明显鉴别13种生药,为"千里光类"生药的鉴定提供依据。

Chemical Diversity Investigation of Hepatotoxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Qianliguang(Senecio scandens)and Related Species by UHPLC-QTOF-MS

Objective: Qianliguang(Senecio scandens) is a common Chinese medicinal herb. Qianliguang-containing herbal proprietary products are registered as over-the-counter remedies in China and exported to Western countries. The presence of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids(PAs)has raised concerns about the safety of using Qianliguang and its products. The present study aims at investigation of different types of PAs present in Qianliguang collected from representative locations in China.Methods: In this study, a simple but specific UHPLC-QTOF-MS method for the determination of toxic PAs was developed, based on the characteristic fragment ions specific to different types of PAs. It was successfully applied for the identification and distinguishing of PAs present in Qianliguang and related Senecio species growing in different locations of China.Results: Significant diversity of the PA types and quantities were revealed among the samples tested. The estimated total amounts of toxic PAs in three of the samples exceed the toxic limits of PA intake restricted by WHO, demonstrating the timely and highly demand for regulating both types and quantities of PAs present in Qianliguang.Conclusions: This study provides the methodology for simultaneous identification and quantification of PAs present in herbs without requiring corresponding standards, which could be further used for more systematic investigations of the PA distribution in Qianliguang and other PA-containing herbs.

Senecio bonariensis Hook.&Arn.promising arsenic phytoextractor from water in laboratory and field trials

The use of plant species to cleanse groundwater with excessive concentrations of arsenic(As)derived from contact with weathered materials has become a valuable option to treat it.The aim of this work was to analyze the bioaccumulation capacity of As of Senecio bonariensis(Asteraceae)through controlled laboratory tests and uncontrolled trials in the field in order to generate a low cost method applicable in rural areas that do not have systems of water treatments.Plants collected from the natural environment were arranged in hydroponic crops under controlled and uncontrolled conditions,in the first case with increasing concentrations of As for 45 days,and in the second,with a constant concentration of As for a period in a range between 45 and 90 days.The plants were processed and dried for the measurement of As.In both tests,in all the samples there was a noticeable accumulation of As,generally greater in roots than in leaves.Under controlled conditions the plants accumulated more As in relation to greater concentration of this element in the water.In all the trials a high bioaccumulation of As was found,which turns the plant into a hyperaccumulator.Due to the ability of S.bonariensis to accumulate As,and even more because of the great biomass produced by this species,it becomes an excellent one to be used for the remediation of arsenical waters.

欧洲千里光SvAPETALA1-5基因对花器官发育的影响

菊科(Asteraceae)是真双子叶植物的一大类,具有复杂的头状花序,目前对其花发育的分子调控机制还知之甚少。APETALA1(AP1)属于MADS-box基因家族,在植物成花诱导和花器官发育中具有关键作用。本研究对欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris)AP1同源基因SvAP1-5进行了生物信息学及组织特异性表达分析,并基于VIGS技术创建了SvAP1-5基因沉默植株,并在龙葵(Solanum nigrum)中过表达SvAP1-5,对其功能进行了初步探讨。生物信息学分析结果表明,SvAP1-5基因具有典型的MADS-box和K-box结构,C末端含有FUL基序和paleoAP1基序,属于euFUL分支的AP1类基因。qRT-PCR结果表明,SvAP1-5在苞片、花瓣和心皮中均有表达,其中在心皮内较高表达。与对照相比,SvAP1-5基因沉默导致花瓣不规则裂开,柱头分裂增加,心皮发育不良。而SvAP1-5过表达龙葵植株的果实发育异常,出现类似果实细胞的增生组织。综上所述,在欧洲千里光花发育过程中,SvAP1-5基因可能参与花瓣和心皮的发育,并发挥着重要作用。

基于标准汤剂的千里光配方颗粒中阿多尼弗林碱含量测定

目的对千里光饮片和标准汤剂中阿多尼弗林碱进行含量测定,基于转移率分析千里光饮片和标准汤剂中阿多尼弗林碱的含量,为配方颗粒质量评价提供参考。方法采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)法进行检测。色谱柱为C_(18)(HypersiL GOLD,100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5%甲酸溶液(7∶93);柱温30℃;流速0.3 ml/min;进样量2μl;采用三重四极杆质谱检测器,电喷雾离子化(ESI)正离子模式下,离子监测通道选择质荷比(m/z)为366(阿多尼弗林碱)和326(野百合碱)进行检测。结果15批次千里光饮片中阿多尼弗林碱含量范围0~31.6μg/g,均值16.7μg/g;标准汤剂出膏率范围10.2%~21.6%,均值为16.1%;15批饮片中有5批未检测出阿多尼弗林碱,剩余10批标准汤剂阿多尼弗林碱含量范围48.7~138.5μg/g,均值109.3μg/g,±30%范围76.5~142.1μg/g;阿多尼弗林碱转移率范围40.4%~97.3%,均值70.0%。结论千里光是常用中药材,而阿多尼弗林碱是千里光的有毒成分,本研究为千里光配方颗粒研究提供了一定参考,对千里光配方颗粒的含量限度控制具有重要意义。

峨眉千里光防控药剂的筛选及防治效果

采用盆栽法评价了12种除草剂对峨眉千里光(Senecio faberii Hems1)的防除效果及同一生境中非靶标杂草的安全性。结果表明,56%2甲4氯钠可溶性粉剂、48%麦草畏水剂、25%氟磺胺草醚水剂、30%二氯吡啶酸水剂、48%三氯吡氧乙酸乳油效果较好。进一步研究了该5种除草剂的田间防治效果,结果表明,30%二氯吡啶酸水剂和48%三氯吡氧乙酸乳油表现出很好的株防效和鲜重防效,对同一生境中其他非靶标杂草无影响。因此,该两种药剂可有效防除峨眉千里光,控制其危害和蔓延。

Determination of the Content of Total Alkaloids in Different Solvent Extracts from Climbing Groundsel Herb Produced in Guizhou Province and Their Antibacterial Activity

[Objective] This study aimed to compare the contents of total alkaloids in different solvent extracts from climbing groundsel herb produced in Guizhou Province and their antibacterial activity. [Method] The content of total alkaloids was measured by UV spectrophotometry, and Oxford cups were used to investigate the antibacterial activity of each solvent extract. [Result] There was a good linear correlation between the absorbance measured by the UV spectrophotometer and the content of total al- kaloids within the concentration of 0.011 0-0.054 8 mg/ml at 207 nm, and the re- gression equation was Y=23.654X＋0.021, R=0. 999 7 and the average recovery rate was 99.2%. The contents of total alkaloids in 60% ethanol extract, 95% ethanol and water ethanol were 38.71, 52.25 and 60.50 mg/g, respectively. The 60% ethanol ex- tract had strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylo- coccus aureus and Escherichia coil; the water extractive had stronger antibacterial activity against Escherichia colr, 95% ethanol extract had weak antibacterial activity, with no inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [Conclusion] This method is accurate, simple, with good repeatability, which can be used for the determination of alkaloids content of the climbing groundsel herb; there is no positive correlation between the content of total alkaloids in different solvent extracts of climbing groundsel herb and their antibacterial activity.

麻叶千里光抗菌化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究麻叶千里光S enecio cannabif olius抗菌活性成分。方法以革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌S taphy lococcus aureus、枯草芽孢杆菌B acillus subtilis和阴性菌大肠杆菌E scherich ia coli为受试菌,采用体外抑菌圈法追踪抗菌活性部分,利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果从麻叶千里光中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为5-羟基吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯(E-13)、6-羟基-7,7a-二氢-2-(6H)-苯骈呋喃酮(E-14)、2-(1,4-二羟基环己烷基)-乙酸(E-16)、3-羟基环己酸(E-17)、4-羟基苯甲醛(B-14)。结论它们均为从千里光属植物中首次分到。

瓜叶菊花粉生活力研究

为研究瓜叶菊花粉的生活力,测定了5个花色(玫红有白色内眼、紫色、玫红、水红色有白色内眼和白色有玫红花边)瓜叶菊花粉的染色率和发芽率,并研究了不同浓度的硼酸、蔗糖对瓜叶菊花粉萌发的影响.结果表明:1)瓜叶菊花粉粒为外表有很多刺毛的圆球.氯化三苯基四氮唑染色法(TTC染色法)和碘-碘化钾染色法(I-KI染色法)对新鲜瓜叶菊花粉的染色作用都不理想,染色6～8 h后的染色率仅为8.33%22.2%.低温(3～4℃)贮藏68 d后染色率变化不大.2)5个花色瓜叶菊的新鲜花粉的生活力有差异.3)蔗糖和硼酸的浓度影响瓜叶菊花粉的萌发.质量浓度分别为50,2.0 mg/L的蔗糖和硼酸对玫红色有白色内眼瓜叶菊的花粉萌发有很好的促进作用.4)在温度为3～4℃,空气相对湿度为35%～40%的条件下贮藏68 d后的瓜叶菊花粉的萌发率比新鲜花粉有明显提高,其中白色有玫红花边瓜叶菊花粉的萌发率比新鲜花粉提高了88.5%.

单麻叶千里光中的一个新化学成分(英文)

研究菊科千里光属植物单麻叶千里光Senecio cannabifolius var integrilifolius（Koidz.）Kitam.的化学成分。用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及反相C18等柱色谱方法从其水提取物中分离得到11个化合物，根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构，分别为senecine（1），对羟基苯乙酸（2），原儿茶酸（3），2，5-二羟基苯乙酸（4），3，4-二羟基苯乙酸（5），香草酸（6），咖啡酸（7），丁二酸（8），2-糠酸（9），1，2，4，5-四氢-jacaranone（10），4-（吡咯烷-2-酮基）-苯基乙酸（11）。其中化合物1为新化合物，2-11均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

麻叶千里光抗菌化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

目的研究麻叶千里光 (SeneciocannabifoliusLess .)抗菌活性成分。 方法以革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcusaureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillussubtilis)和阴性菌大肠杆菌 (Es cherichiacoli)为受试菌 ,采用体外抑菌圈法追踪抗菌活性部分 ,利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化 ,根据理化性质和波谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果麻叶千里光水提醇沉物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分显示最强的抑菌活性 ,从该部分分离得到 9个化合物 ,均为酚酸类化合物 ,分别鉴定为 :对 羟基苯乙酸 (p hydroxybenzeneaceticacid ,E 1)、对 二苯酚 (1,4 benzenediol,E 2 )、对 羟基苯乙酸甲酯 (methylp hydroxybenzeneacetate ,E 3)、2 ,5 二羟基苯甲酸 (2 ,5 dihydroxybenzoicacid ,E 4 )、2 ,5 二羟基苯乙酸 (2 ,5 dihydroxybenzeneaceticacid ,E 5 )、2 ,5 二羟基苯乙酸甲酯 (methyl 2 ,5 dihydroxybenze neacetate ,E 6 )、3 羟基 4 甲氧基苯甲酸 (3 hydroxy 4 methoxybenzoicacid ,E 7)、对 羟基苯甲酸 (p hydroxybenzoicacid ,E 8)、邻 羟基苯甲酸 (o hydroxybenzoicacid ,E 9)。结论麻叶千里光对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌效果明显 ,对大肠杆菌作用较弱。其中E 3～E