Causative bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit in Bahrain:Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern

BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after that.It is the most common infection encountered among intubated patients.VAP incidence showed wide variability between countries.AIM To define the VAP incidence in the intensive care unit(ICU)in the central gove-rnment hospital in Bahrain and review the risk factors and the predominant bacterial pathogens with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.METHODS The research was a prospective cross-sectional observational study over six months from November 2019 to June 2020.It included adult and adolescent patients(>14 years old)admitted to the ICU and required intubation and mechanical ventilation.VAP was diagnosed when it occurred after 48 h after endotracheal intubation using the clinical pulmonary infection score,which considers the clinical,laboratory,microbiological,and radiographic evidence.RESULTS The total number of adult patients admitted to the ICU who required intubation and mechanical ventilation during the study period was 155.Forty-six patients developed VAP during their ICU stay(29.7%).The calculated VAP rate was 22.14 events per 1000 ventilator days during the study period,with a mean age of 52 years±20.Most VAP cases had late-onset VAP with a mean number of ICU days before the development of VAP of 9.96±6.55.Gram-negative contributed to most VAP cases in our unit,with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter being the most identified pathogen.CONCLUSION The reported VAP rate in our ICU was relatively high compared to the international benchmark,which should trigger a vital action plan for reinforcing the implementation of the VAP prevention bundle.

Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients:A descriptive analysis

BACKGROUND:We sought to evaluate the risk factors for developing ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)and whether the location of intubation posed a risk in trauma patients.METHODS:Data were retrospectively reviewed for adult trauma patients requiring intubation for>48 hours,admitted between 2010 and 2013.Patients’demographics,clinical presentations and outcomes were compared according to intubation location(prehospital intubation[PHI]vs.trauma room[TRI])and presence vs.absence of VAP.Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of VAP.RESULTS:Of 471 intubated patients,332 patients met the inclusion criteria(124 had PHI and208 had TRI)with a mean age of 30.7±14.8 years.PHI group had lower GCS(P=0.001),respiratory rate(P=0.001),and higher frequency of head(P=0.02)and chest injuries(P=0.04).The rate of VAP in PHI group was comparable to the TRI group(P=0.60).Patients who developed VAP were 6 years older,had significantly lower GCS and higher ISS,head AIS,and higher rates of polytrauma.The overall mortality was 7.5%,and was not associated with intubation location or pneumonia rates.In the early-VAP group,gram-positive pathogens were more common,while gram-negative microorganisms were more frequently encountered in the late VAP group.Logistic regression analysis and modeling showed that the impact of the location of intubation in predicting the risk of VAP appeared only when chest injury was included in the models.CONCLUSION:In trauma,the risk of developing VAP is multifactorial.However,the location of intubation and presence of chest injury could play an important role.

Distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from ventilator-associated pneumonia patients in pediatric intensive care unit

BACKGROUND： With mechanical ventilation widely used in intensive care unit, the ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP） has become a common and serious complication in critically ill patients. Compared with adults, the incidence of VAP and the mortality are higher in children in pediatric intensive care unit （PICU） because of immune deficiency, severe basic diseases, and increased use of artificial airway or mechanical ventilation. Hence it is of significance to study the epidemiology and changes of antibacterial susceptibility in order to reduce the incidence and mortality of VAP in children.METHODS： From January 2008 to June 2010, 2758 children were treated in PICU of Wuhan Children＇s Hospital. Among them, 171 received mechanical ventilation over 48 hours in PICU, and 46 developed VAP. The distribution and drug-resistance pattern of the pathogenic bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract aspirations were analyzed. RESULTS：A total of 119 pathogenic microbial strains were isolated. Gram-negative bacilli （G-） were the most （65.55%）, followed by fungi （21.01%） and gram-positive cocci （G~, 13.45%）. Among them, the most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baummannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that the multiple drug-resistances of G- and G＋to antibiotics were serious. Most of G- was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam. The susceptibility of G＋ to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid were 100%. Fungi were almost sensitive to all the antifungal agents. The primary pathogens of VAP were G-, and their multiple drug-resistances were serious. CONCLUSION： In clinical practice we should choose the most sensitive drug for VAP according to pathogenic test.

Effect of traditional Chinese preparation Xuebijing on inflammatory markers in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Objective:To observe the effect of Xuebijing,a complex traditional Chinese preparation,on inflammation and prognosis of patients with pneumonia.Methods:The patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit(ICU)were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group with 35 cases in each group.Both groups were given routine treatment such as anti-inflammatory drugs,rehydration,expectorant,and nutritional support,while the treatment group was additionally given Xuebijing injection.Serum C-reactive protein(CRP),clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),acute physiology,and chronic health scoreⅡ(APACHEⅡ)were recorded before treatment,the 3rd and 7th day after treatment.The duration of antibiotic use,mechanical ventilation,ICU stay,and mortality during 28 days was recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in CRP,CPIS,and APACHEⅡbetween the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).The improvement of CRP,CPIS,and APACHEⅡin the treatment group was better than those in the control group on the 3 and 7 days after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The duration of antibiotic use,mechanical ventilation,and ICU stay in the treatment group were less than those in the control group(P<0.05).The 28-day mortality of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions:Xuebijing injection can improve the inflammatory indexes of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia,and can partly improve the prognosis.

Respiratory mechanics,ventilator-associated pneumonia and outcomes in intensive care unit

AIM To evaluate the predictive capability of respiratory mechanics for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS A cohort study was conducted between, involving a sample of 120 individuals. Static measurements of compliance and resistance of the respiratory system in pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and volumecontrolled ventilation(VCV) modes in the 1 st and 5 th days of hospitalization were performed to monitor respiratory mechanics. The severity of the patients' illness was quantified by the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ). The diagnosis of VAP was made based on clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters.RESULTS The significant associations found for the development of VAP were APACHE Ⅱ scores above the average(P = 0.016), duration of MV (P = 0.001) and ICU length of stay above the average(P = 0.003), male gender(P = 0.004), and worsening of respiratory resistance in PCV mode(P = 0.010). Age above the average(P < 0.001), low level of oxygenation on day 1(P = 0.003) and day 5 (P = 0.004) and low lung compliance during VCV on day 1 (P = 0.032) were associated with death as the outcome.CONCLUSION The worsening of airway resistance in PCV mode indicated the possibility of early diagnosis of VAP. Low lung compliance during VCV and low oxygenation index were death-related prognostic indicators.

Antimicrobial resistance pattern in ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit of Babol, northern Iran

Objective:To investigate antibiotic resistance pattern of ventilator-assiated pneumonia (VAP) generating microorganisms,and quantitative culture and determining antibiotic sensitivity.Methods:This cross sectional study was performed on 50 patients suffering from VAP in intensive care unit of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital,Babol,Iran during 2014-2015.VAP was probable for them based on clinical signs and the criteria of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score standards.Lower respiratory samples were given under bronchoalveolar lavage and quantitative culture was done on them.Afterwards by microdilution method,minimal inhibitory concentration based on respective microorganisms,considering clinical pulmonary infection score were determined.Results:From 50 investigated samples in this study,the most common microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) (70%) then Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%),Staphylococcus aureus (8%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (3%).In our study A.baummannii showed approximate 100% resistance to all antibiotics,in a way that A.baumannii resistance to imipenem and meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam each was 97.1%.The most resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 66.7% to each cefepime and ceftazidime and clavulanate/ticarcillin.Staphylococcus aureus showed 75% resistance to nafcillin,cloxacillin and resistance in case of vancomycin was not seen.Conclusion:In current study,A.baumannii had the most prevalence among VAP and this species is resistant to most of antibiotics.Using ceftazidime,cefepime and clavulanate/ticarcillin,in treatment of the patients suffering VAP is not reasonable.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with cancer: Impact of multidrug resistant bacteria

BACKGROUND Patients with cancer have several risk factors for developing respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation(MV).The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria(MDRB)has become a public health problem,creating a new burden on medical care in hospitals,particularly for patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).AIM To describe risk factors for ventilator-acquired pneumonia(VAP)in patients with cancer and to evaluate the impact of MDRB.METHODS A retrospective study was performed from January 2016 to December 2018 at a cancer referral center in Mexico City,which included all patients who were admitted to the ICU and required MV≥48 h.They were classified as those who developed VAP versus those who did not;pathogens isolated,including MDRB.Clinical evolution at 60-d was assessed.Descriptive analysis was carried out;comparison was performed between VAP vs non-VAP and MDRB vs non-MDRB.RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three patients were included in the study;mean age was 51.9 years;52.1%were male;68.4%had solid tumors.There were 32 episodes of VAP with a rate of 12.2%;11.5 episodes/1000 ventilation-days.The most frequent bacteria isolated were the following:Klebsiella spp.[n=9,four were Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase(ESBL)producers,one was Carbapenem-resistant(CR)];Escherichia coli(n=5,one was ESBL),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=8,two were CR).One Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was identified.In multivariate analysis,the sole risk factor associated for VAP was length of ICU stay(OR=1.1;95%CI:1.03-1.17;P=0.003).Sixty-day mortality was 53%in VAP and 43%without VAP(P=0.342).There was not higher mortality in those patients with MDRB.CONCLUSION This study highlights the high percentage of Gram-negative bacteria,which allows the initiation of empiric antibiotic coverage for these pathogens.In this retrospective,single center,observational study,MDRB VAP was not directly linked to increased mortality at 60 days.

Natural History, Outcomes and Antibiotic Treatment for Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis in Critical Ill Patients

We assessed incidence and outcomes of patients with ventilator-associated respiratory infections (VARI) due to tracheobronchitis (VAT) and pneumonia (VAP), including length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ventilator days. We also examined pathogens, rate of progression from VAT to VAP, and impact of antibiotic therapy for VAT. Data analysis included 234 patients, 100 patients (43%) had at least moderate (+++) bacterial growth in their semi-quantitative endotracheal aspirate (SQ-ETA) cultures. VAT and VAP were each diagnosed in 34 (15%) patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated and had the highest rate of progression from VAT to VAP. Seven (21%) of the 34 patients were diagnosed with VAT that later progressed to VAP in averaged 3 days. Patients diagnosed with VAT had significantly more ventilator days (9 vs 6, p p < 0.001) and hospital days (22 vs 17, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical outcomes of the 25 VAT patients with timely, appropriate antibiotics compared to the 9 VAT patients who did not receive timely appropriate antibiotics. VAT was a risk factor for increased ventilator days, longer length of ICU and hospital stay. The time window from VAT to VAP allowed physicians to identify the pathogens and sensitivity profile needed to treat VAT with appropriate antibiotics. Data from well-designed studies were needed to assess the impact of early, appropriate antibiotic therapy for VAT, the choice of antibiotics, as well as the duration and route of administration.

七味白术散治疗老年肺炎肺脾气虚证的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响

目的 观察七味白术散对老年肺炎肺脾气虚证的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响。方法 将60例老年肺炎肺脾气虚证患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组30例予常规基础治疗,治疗组30例在对照组治疗基础上予七味白术散加减治疗。2组均治疗2周。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、外周血炎症因子[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)]水平、胃肠功能指标(腹内压、肠鸣音次数)及肠道菌群情况,并统计2组疗效及安全性。结果 治疗组总有效率93.33%(28/30),对照组总有效率73.33%(22/30),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后中医证候各项评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后IL-6、WBC、CRP、PCT水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后腹内压均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),肠鸣音次数均增加(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后腹内压低于对照组(P<0.05),肠鸣音次数高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌菌落数均较本组治疗前增加(P<0.05),肠球菌、肠杆菌菌落数均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌菌落数均高于对照组(P<0.05),肠球菌、肠杆菌菌落数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗期间未出现肝肾功能异常。结论 七味白术散治疗老年肺炎肺脾气虚证疗效显著,可有效降低炎症因子水平,调节肠道菌群,改善胃肠功能,安全性高。

老年重症肺炎患者血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163预测预后不良的价值

目的探讨老年重症肺炎(SP)患者血清4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)、活化蛋白C(APC)、可溶性血红蛋白清道夫受体163(sCD163)对预后不良的预测价值。方法选取2020年8月至2022年8月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的200例老年SP患者纳入SP组,另选取同期、同年龄段200例老年普通肺炎患者纳入普通肺炎组。比较两组患者和SP组不同预后患者的血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163水平,并采用Pearson法分析SP组患者血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163水平与肺部感染评分(CPIS评分)的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析老年SP患者死亡的影响因素,采用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)分析各指标对预后情况的预测效能。结果SP组患者的血清4-HNE、sCD163水平分别为(21.27±4.02)mg/L、(154.27±56.34)pg/mL,明显高于普通肺炎组的(15.63±3.49)mg/L、(112.17±37.59)pg/mL,APC水平为(25.47±5.06)pmol/L,明显低于普通肺炎组的(30.12±6.14)pmol/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson法分析结果显示,入院时SP患者的血清4-HNE、sCD163水平与CPIS评分呈正相关(r=0.754、0.723,P<0.05),APC水平与之呈负相关(r=-0.695,P<0.05);入院3 d、7 d后,死亡组患者的血清4-HNE分别为(23.89±6.12)mg/L、(26.01±8.27)mg/L,明显高于生存组的(19.03±4.11)mg/L、(17.25±3.56)mg/L,sCD163水平分别为(182.34±60.33)pg/mL、(219.46±70.41)pg/mL,明显高于生存组的(137.83±30.24)pg/mL、(120.74±25.17)pg/mL,APC水平分别为(23.04±4.89)pmol/L、(20.73±4.25)pmol/L,明显低于生存组的(27.42±4.09)pmol/L、(29.76±4.14)pmol/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,入院3 d、7 d后,血清4-HNE(>20.32 mg/L、>19.57 mg/L)、sCD163(>149.63 pg/mL、>146.90 pg/mL)是老年SP患者治疗28 d后死亡的危险因素,APC(>26.26 pmol/L、>27.37 pmol/L)是其保护因素(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,入院3 d后血清各指标水平联合预测死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.910(95%CI:0.861~0.946),最佳预测敏感度、特异度分别为81.13%、86.39%,入院7 d后联合预测死亡的AUC为0.922(95%CI:0.876~0.955),最佳敏感度、特异度分别为90.57%、84.35%。结论血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163水平与老年SP发生、发展相关,各指标水平与CPIS评分均具有一定相关性,联合检测对老年SP患者预后情况具有一定预测价值,可作为临床评估肺部感染程度及预后的辅助指标。

生脉散合千金苇茎汤加减治疗痰热壅肺型老年重症肺炎临床研究

目的:观察生脉散合千金苇茎汤加减治疗痰热壅肺型老年重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法:80例痰热壅肺型老年重症肺炎患者按随机数字表法分成对照组与观察组各40例。对照组给予常规西医对症治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予生脉散合千金苇茎汤加减治疗,2组均连续治疗2周。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、临床肺部感染(CPIS)评分、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分、急性生理和慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ)、肺功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流速峰值(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、FEV_(1)/FVC]、白细胞计数(WBC)、降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)水平;比较2组临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率92.50%,高于对照组75.00%(P<0.05)。2组治疗后中医证候评分、CPIS评分、MODS评分、APACHE Ⅱ评分、WBC、PCT、CRP、IL-6水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后各项评分、炎症指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后FVC、PEF、FEV_(1)水平及FEV_(1)/FVC均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后肺功能指标高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:生脉散合千金苇茎汤加减治疗老年重症肺炎痰热壅肺证疗效确切,能够进一步缓解患者临床症状,抑制肺部炎症反应,改善肺功能,安全性较高。

背俞穴弹拨法联合背部叩击老年CAP患者排痰效果的研究

目的 探讨老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者运用背俞穴弹拨法联合背部叩击排痰效果。方法 采用随机数字表法将84例患者分为试验组和对照组,各42例,对照组实施常规背部叩击排痰护理,试验组实施背俞穴弹拨法联合背部叩击排痰护理,干预7 d。观察2组患者排痰疗效、经皮血氧饱和度和住院时长的差异。结果 干预7 d后,试验组患者排痰疗效优于对照组,排痰有效率、经皮血氧饱均较对照组同期指标有明显改善(P<0.05);且试验组的平均住院日明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论 背俞穴弹拨法联合背部叩击排痰在一定程度上可改善老年CAP患者的排痰能力,提升血氧饱和度,缩短住院时间并降低医疗负担。

基于伏邪理论的益气透邪方治疗老年多重耐药菌肺炎临床疗效观察

目的:评价在西医常规治疗基础上加用益气透邪方治疗重症医学科老年多重耐药菌肺炎患者的临床疗效。方法:将2017年2月-2021年10月收治于甘肃中医药大学附属医院重症医学科80例老年多重耐药菌肺炎患者随机分为中药治疗组与对照组,每组40例。对照组予以常规治疗,中药治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用益气透邪方加减,疗程为7 d。记录两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、C反应蛋白(C-reactive Protein,CRP)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、临床肺部感染评分(Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score,CPIS)、氧合指数(P/F)、耐药菌清除率及28 d病死率。结果:中药治疗组与对照组的临床总有效率分别为92.50%(37/40)和70.00%(28/40),中药治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后中医证候积分、CPIS、CRP、PCT、IL-6均较治疗前下降,中药治疗组下降更明显(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者P/F均升高,中药治疗组升高更为显著(P<0.05)。耐药菌清除率中药治疗组为37.5%,对照组为27.5%(P>0.05)。两组无显著差异;两组患者28 d病死率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:在常规西医治疗基础上运用益气透邪方加减治疗老年耐药菌肺炎能够显著缓解患者临床症状,降低炎症反应,改善氧合指数,临床疗效肯定。

苓甘五味姜辛汤与盐酸氨溴索联合治疗对老年肺炎寒饮型咳嗽患者的症状改善及复发的影响

目的 分析苓甘五味姜辛汤与盐酸氨溴索联合治疗对老年肺炎寒饮型咳嗽患者的症状根治及复发的影响。方法 选取2021年5月至2023年6月南平市人民医院收治的66例老年肺炎寒饮型咳嗽患者,按随机数字表法将其分入观察组(33例)和对照组(33例),对照组患者采用盐酸氨溴索治疗,观察组患者应用苓甘五味姜辛汤与盐酸氨溴索联合治疗。比较两组老年肺炎寒饮型咳嗽患者治愈率、治疗总有效率、治疗期间不良反应发生情况、复发率以及治疗前后肺功能水平改善情况。结果 两组老年肺炎寒饮型咳嗽患者治疗前用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量、最大呼气峰流量等肺功能水平相比均无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组肺功能水平均得到改善,且观察组老年寒饮型肺炎咳嗽患者改善水平优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组老年肺炎咳嗽患者不良反应发生率、复发率低于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组治愈率、治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论苓甘五味姜辛汤与盐酸氨溴索联合治疗老年肺炎寒饮型咳嗽具有良好的症状根治效果,并有利于降低复发率和不良反应发生率,改善患者的肺功能。

止咳散加减治疗老年肺炎的临床效果及安全性分析

目的探析止咳散加减治疗老年肺炎的临床效果及安全性。方法98例老年肺炎患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组49例。对照组采用常规对症治疗,观察组在常规对症治疗基础上加用止咳散加减治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗指标(退热时间、止咳时间、祛痰时间、住院时间)、血清炎症因子(肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、超敏C反应蛋白)水平、不良事件发生情况。结果对照组中显效13例,有效26例,无效10例,总有效率为79.59%(39/49);观察组中显效17例,有效30例,无效2例,总有效率为95.92%(47/49)。观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者退热时间(1.70±0.49)d、止咳时间(2.57±0.68)d、祛痰时间(4.12±1.02)d、住院时间(5.78±1.27)d均短于对照组的(4.18±0.92)、(3.74±0.81)、(5.75±1.44)、(11.95±2.62)d(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组肿瘤坏死因子-α(1.12±0.32)ng/L、白细胞介素-6(5.41±1.18)pg/L、超敏C反应蛋白(8.87±2.25)mg/L均低于对照组的(1.60±0.38)ng/L、(9.48±1.48)pg/L、(12.34±2.47)mg/L(P<0.05)。观察组不良事件发生率6.12%(3/49)低于对照组的20.41%(10/49)(P<0.05)。结论老年肺炎患者在使用止咳散加减治疗后效果显著,症状改善时间较短,炎性反应明显降低,用药安全性较高,值得临床推广。

纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗术治疗老年重症肺炎的临床效果分析

目的 探究纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗术治疗老年重症肺炎的临床效果。方法 选取2022-03~12月作者医院收治的107例老年重症肺炎患者为研究对象。根据是否采用纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗术进行治疗分为观察组(n=54)和对照组(n=53)。对照组老年重症肺炎患者给予抗感染治疗、糖皮质激素抗炎治疗、祛痰平喘吸氧等对症支持治疗。观察组老年重症肺炎患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗。比较两组老年重症肺炎患者治疗前后血气分析结果、炎症因子水平、住院情况及临床疗效。结果 两组老年重症肺炎患者治疗前一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组老年重症肺炎患者血氧分压(partial pressure of blood oxygen, PaO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide, PaCO_(2))、血氧饱和度(oxyhemoglobin saturation, SaO_(2))水平,C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)、白细胞计数(white blood cell, WBC)水平,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组老年重症肺炎患者PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)水平明显升高,且观察组高于对照组(P均<0.001);两组老年重症肺炎患者PaCO_(2)水平,CRP、PCT、WBC水平明显降低,且观察组低于对照组(P均<0.001)。观察组老年重症肺炎患者体温恢复时间、胸部电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)好转时间、抗菌药物使用时间以及总住院时间均短于对照组,临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论 在常规抗感染治疗基础上联合纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗老年重症肺炎,能有效改善患者血气指标、降低炎症反应并促进机体康复,具有临床治愈率高、临床治疗效果佳的特点。

麻黄附子细辛汤在老年重症肺炎的应用

目的观察麻黄附子细辛汤随证加减对老年重症肺炎的临床应用效果。方法选取2020年6月—2023年6月上饶市中医院呼吸内科收治的84例老年重症肺炎患者,按单双号法随机分为研究组(42例)和对照组(42例)。2组均接受常规治疗,对照组给予莫西沙星注射液静脉滴注,研究组在以上基础上加用麻黄附子细辛汤加减治疗,比较2组临床疗效和安全性差异,记录2组治疗前后中医证候积分、炎症反应和肺功能水平并加以比较。结果治疗后,研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);2组中医证候积分、IL-6、TNF-α和WBC水平明显降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组FVC、FEV_(1)和MVV水平明显升高(P<0.05),且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);2组不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论麻黄附子细辛汤加减在老年重症肺炎患者治疗中的应用效果突出,可有效改善患者临床症状,抑制炎症反应,提高肺功能,且安全性良好,可在临床推广应用。

黄芪生脉饮联合常规西药治疗气阴两虚型老年肺炎临床研究

目的:观察黄芪生脉饮联合常规西药治疗气阴两虚型老年肺炎的临床疗效。方法:将86例气阴两虚型老年肺炎患者按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各43例,观察组最终完成试验42例(剔除1例),对照组41例(剔除2例)。对照组给予退热、抗感染、化痰止咳等常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合黄芪生脉饮治疗,比较2组临床疗效、中医证候评分、血清炎症因子[C-反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8 (IL-8)]、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))及体液免疫指标[免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)]水平。结果:观察组总有效率95.24%,对照组为80.49%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医主症、次症评分及总分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组上述各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组CRP、TNF-α、IL-8水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组上述3项指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IgA、IgM水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IgA、IgM水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);2组CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组CD8^(+)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪生脉饮联合常规西药治疗气阴两虚型老年肺炎效果显著,可缓解患者中医证候,减轻炎症反应,改善机体免疫功能。

降低老年肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗时低氧血症发生率

目的降低老年肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗时低氧血症发生率。方法成立品管圈小组,对呼吸监护室老年肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗时低氧血症发生现状进行分析,解析原因并拟订对策,运用质量管理工具从改变氧疗方式、改良灌洗方式、优化操作流程、采用多样化沟通模式等方面进行改进。结果老年肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗时低氧血症发生率从65.63%降低至23.88%。结论通过开展品管圈活动,降低了老年肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗时低氧血症发生率,保证了患者检查安全,提高了医疗质量及患者满意度。

盐酸氨溴索在老年肺炎治疗中的应用研讨

目的评价盐酸氨溴索在老年肺炎治疗中的应用价值。方法将2021年7月—2022年7月在本院治疗的150例老年肺炎患者作为研究样本,并随机分为对照组与干预组,分别采用常规治疗方法、盐酸氨溴索治疗,探讨不同治疗手段的应用效果。结果干预组有效率优于对照组(P<0.05);干预组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组肺功能指标优于对照组(P<0.05);干预组血气指标优于对照组(P<0.05);干预组生活质量评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在老年肺炎患者的治疗过程中,应用盐酸氨溴索能增强患者的肺功能,优化机体的血气状况,有效提升患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。