A novel voltage output integrated circuit temperature sensor

The novel integrated circuit (IC) temperature sensor presented in this paper works similarly as a two terminal Zener, has breakdown voltage directly proportional to Kelvin temperature at 10 mV/℃, with typical error of less than ±1.0℃ over a temperature range from -50℃ to +125℃. In addition to all the features that conventional IC temperature sensors have, the new device also has very low static power dissipation ( 0.5 mW ) , low output impedance ( less than 1Ω), excellent stability, high reproducibility, and high precision. The sensor's circuit design and layout are discussed in detail. Applications of the sensor include almost any type of temperature sensing over the range of -50℃-+125℃. The low impedance and linear output of the device make interfacing the readout or control circuitry especially easy. Due to the excellent performance and low cost of this sensor, more applications of the sensor over wide temperature range are expected.

Laser-Assisted Reduction of Highly Conductive Circuits Based on Copper Nitrate for Flexible Printed Sensors

Stretchable electronic sensing devices are defining the path toward wearable electronics. High-performance flexible strain sensors attached on clothing or human skin are required for potential applications in the entertainment,health monitoring, and medical care sectors. In this work,conducting copper electrodes were fabricated onpolydimethylsiloxane as sensitive stretchable microsensors by integrating laser direct writing and transfer printing approaches. The copper electrode was reduced from copper salt using laser writing rather than the general approach of printing with pre-synthesized copper or copper oxide nanoparticles. An electrical resistivity of 96 l X cm was achieved on 40-lm-thick Cu electrodes on flexible substrates. The motion sensing functionality successfully demonstrated a high sensitivity and mechanical robustness.This in situ fabrication method leads to a path toward electronic devices on flexible substrates.

Design of Gas Sensors Circuits with in-System Programmable Ddevices

In-system programmable devices are products that combined modern electronic techniques and semiconductor techniques.They are indispensable devices in designing modern circuits and systems.This paper presents two practical circuits designed with programmable devices and its design method.By introducing programmable devices into gas sensor circuits,we can further improve system reliability,stability,sensitivity and integration degree,and enhance flexibility of system design.

Investigation of a Pressure Sensor with Temperature Compensation Using Two Concentric Wheatstone-Bridge Circuits

This study presents a silicon-based pressure sensor with temperature compensation. The eight piezoresistors were designed on the polycrystalline silicon membrane and constructed by two concentric Wheatstone-bridge circuits to perform two sets of sensors. The sensor in the central circuit measures the membrane deflection caused by the combined effects of pressure and temperature, while the outer one measures only the deflection caused by the working temperature. From this arrangement, it is reliable and accurate to measure the pressure by comparing the output signals from the two concentric Wheatstone-bridge circuits. The optimal positions of the eight piezoresistors were simulated by simulation software ANSYS. The investigated pressure sensor was fabricated by the micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) techniques. The measuring performance and an indication of the conventional single Wheatstone-bridge pressure sensor is easily affected under variation of different working temperature and causes a maximum absolute error up to 45.5%, while the double Wheatstone-bridge pressure sensor is able to compensate the error, and reduces it down to 1.13%. The results in this paper demonstrate an effective temperature compensation performance, and have a great performance and stability in the pressure measuring system as well.

Design of ispPAC-based Humidity Sensor Signal Processing Circuits

The widely used sensitive elements of humidity sensors can be divided into 3 types,i.e.,resistor,capacitor,and electrolyte.Humidity sensors consisting of these sensitive elements have corresponding signal processing circuit unique to each type of sensitive elements.This paper presents an ispPAC (in-system programmable Programmable Analog Circuit) -based humidity sensor signal processing circuit designed with software method and implemented with in-system programmable simulators.Practical operation shows that humidity sensor signal processing circuits of this kind,exhibit stable and reliable performance.

Short-circuit process model in underwater welding using rotating arc sensor

In order to detecting and tracking along the weld seam with rotating arc sensor in underwater welding,the highpressure water environment rotating arc welding hardware platform is established and welding experiments using rotating arc sensor is done. Different radius of rotating arc sensor is used. And the corresponding welding current and voltage is obtained,which is compared with the results of rotating arc sensor short-circuit process simulation model under high-pressure water environment established in this article. The results show that under high-pressure water environment,rotating arc radius should be optimized,otherwise the short-circuit-arcing cycle will transit to a short-circuit-arcing-abruption cycle,making the welding quality poor. At last the critical radius between the short-circuit-arcing cycle and short-circuit-arcing-abruption cycle under high-pressure water environment is obtained.

基于PLD的CCDSensor驱动逻辑设计

在分析面阵CCD图像传感器驱动时序的基础上,提出一种基于PLD(可编程逻辑器件)的新型面阵CCD驱动逻辑的设计方法,旨在改善实时图像采集系统的设计流程,提高系统的性价比和采集图像的质量。克服通常单片机驱动方式的频率低、速度慢的弱点,充分发挥PLD器件的高度灵活性、天然的并行性和快速成型等特点。针对Sony公司的面阵CCD芯片ICX285AL,利用Altera公司的CPLD芯片EPM3256AQC208和大型仿真设计工具QuartusⅡ8.0 s完成驱动逻辑设计、仿真,并且已经将该方法成功应用于工业摄像头的设计和研制过程中,获得良好的效果。

一种提高CMOS sensor自动曝光调节速度的方法

在CMOS sensor中,自动曝光对图像亮度的调节是通过控制曝光时间和增益实现的。传统的方法大都先调节增益,只有当其达到最大或最小值后,才会计算新的曝光时间。笔者通过对CMOS sensor亮度特性进行分析,发现增益对图像亮度的影响具有线性特性,且为了最大限度减小噪声,增益只能在较小的范围内调节;而在像素未饱和的情况下,曝光时间则能够较大比例调整亮度。基于此,本方法首先计算当前增益能获取的最大亮度和最小亮度。如果不能满足,则舍弃增益调节并直接调整曝光时间,从而消除了不必要的增益环节,加快了自动曝光的速度。经验证,本方法在所有典型场景下均可使自动曝光调节速度提高1/4~1/3,取得了很好的效果。

Low-frequency characteristics extension for vibration sensors

Traditional magneto-electric vibration sensors and servo accelerometers have severe shortcomings when used to measure vibration where low frequency components predominate.A low frequency characteristic extension for velocity vibration sensors is presented in this paper.The passive circuit technology,active compensation technology and the closed- cycle pole compensation technology are used to extend the measurable range and to improve low frequency characteristics of sensors.Thses three types of low frequency velocity vibration sensors have been developed and widely adopted in China.

传感器与调理电路实践教学模式探索

实践类通识课程以培养学生的思维方式、学习和实践能力为目标。如何在学生基础专业水平不同的状况下展开教学,是这类课程面临的重要问题。以北京航空航天大学开设的“传感器调理电路的设计与仿真”为例,阐述如何开展“理论-仿真”并行和“自主设计型考核”这两个措施的具体实施方式及实际成效。

Multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer

We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM.This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time.The ranges of these two sensors are from-20℃ to 100℃ and from-1000 με to 2000 με, respectively.The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/℃ and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively.With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer,different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.

基于磁性传感器的低失调温度补偿接口电路设计

面向磁性传感器在物联网(IoT)技术中的广泛应用,该文基于180 nm CMOS工艺设计了一种具有低失调电压,低温度漂移特性的霍尔传感器接口电路。针对霍尔传感器灵敏度的温度漂移特性,该文设计了一种感温电路并与查表法相结合,调节可编程增益放大器(PGA)的增益有效地降低了霍尔传感器的温度系数(TC)。在此基础上,通过在信号主通路中使用相关双采样(CDS)技术,极大程度上消除了霍尔传感器的失调电压。仿真结果表明,在–40°C~125°C温度范围内,霍尔传感器的TC从966.4 ppm/°C减小到了58.1 ppm/°C。信号主通路的流片结果表明,霍尔传感器的失调电压从25 mV左右减小到了4 mV左右,霍尔传感器的非线性误差为0.50%。芯片的总面积为0.69 mm^(2)。

CMOS图像传感器辐射敏感参数测试电路设计及试验验证

以航天领域广泛应用的CMV4000型CMOS图像传感器(CIS)为研究对象,通过开展CIS辐射敏感参数测试电路设计,将CIS辐照电路板与测试电路板中FPGA数据采集及传输板分离,辐照电路板与测试电路板通过接插口通信,从而实现开展辐照试验时对FPGA数据采集部分进行辐射屏蔽防护,避免FPGA数据采集板受到辐射影响。开展了CIS测试电路中的电源模块、数据采集、存储模块、外围电路等设计及PCB版图的布局布线设计。采用VerilogHDL硬件描述语言对各个功能模块进行驱动时序设计,实现CIS辐射敏感参数测试功能。通过开展CMV4000型CIS ^(60)Coγ射线辐照试验,分析了平均暗信号、暗信号非均匀性、暗信号分布等辐射敏感参数随总剂量增大的退化规律,验证了CIS辐射敏感参数测试系统的可靠性。

星敏感器CMOS电路板靶面自动装调系统

CMOS电路板靶面是星敏感器结构中的关键部分,其安装姿态影响离焦距离的准确性,进而影响星敏感器成像性能。因此,靶面的装调是确保星敏感器成像质量的重要环节。当前,靶面装调主要依靠人工装调完成,存在装调精度低、产品一致性差、周期长等问题,导致产品的良品率较低。为此,研制了一台星敏感器CMOS电路板靶面自动装调设备。采取非接触式测量方式,集成测量模组与微动平台完成CMOS靶面与基准面的相对位姿测量,解决由星敏感器特殊结构造成的狭小空间内高精度测量难题。设计调整机构实现零件任意角度翻转,消除测量方向与装配方向不一致造成系统结构布置复杂的影响。最后,对测量系统进行精度分析,采用局部枚举法开发了调整垫片研磨量算法,解决由平面姿态单一已知量反求多垫片研磨量的欠定问题。实验结果表明:该系统可实现靶面自动装调功能,测量系统的重复性为1.6′,满足技术指标要求。

“传感器调理电路的设计与仿真”线上教学实践

为了应对各种突发状况的发生,保证教学活动平稳进行以及学生参与度,有必要探讨一套行之有效的线上教学模式。以北京航空航天大学“传感器调理电路的设计与仿真”为例,就线上教学的教学结构、教学内容、教学考核方式以及教学成效进行阐述,并进行思考总结。

单相脉冲整流器故障在线智能诊断实验设计

针对高速列车电力牵引系统中单相脉冲整流器的功率器件开路故障和传感器故障,设计了基于数据驱动的故障在线智能诊断实验。首先,对单相脉冲整流器系统进行数学建模,分析功率器件开路故障的故障拓扑和传感器故障的故障机理;然后,基于极限学习机算法和非线性自回归结构设计智能诊断模型,并将故障在线智能诊断实验分为离线训练和在线验证2个阶段;最后,基于RT Box半实物仿真器搭建快速原型控制实验平台,对故障模型和诊断模型进行实验验证。实验结果表明,构建的单相脉冲整流器故障在线智能诊断模型可以在1/4个基波周期内检测到故障的发生,并在3/4个基波周期内识别出具体故障类型。

压电MEMS振动传感器调理电路设计与实现

针对铌酸锂单晶薄膜的压电MEMS振动传感器输出电荷信号微弱而难以采集的问题,设计了一种基于集成运放芯片TLE 2064 CDR的信号调理电路。该电路由电荷-电压转换电路(Q-V)、电压放大电路、前置低通滤波电路和后置高通滤波电路构成,旨在实现微弱信号的采集。此外,利用ACT 2000振动台进行振动实验,通过标准电荷放大器和设计的信号调理电路对压电MEMS振动传感器测试。测试结果表明,所设计的信号调理电路与标准电荷放大器的输出有较好的一致性,可以满足5~130 pC的宽输入电荷的采集。当加载加速度范围为5~20 g时,输出电荷和输入加速度之间的线性度好;在输入加速度5 g,工作频率范围为50~2000 Hz时,输出电荷偏差控制在±1.6 pC内,具有很好的一致性。综上所述,该电路具有集成度高,灵敏度好等特点,在微弱信号采集方面具有很好的应用前景。

机械设备电气故障自动检测系统优化设计

当前系统不能有效消除干扰信号,数据采集精度低,影响机械设备电气故障诊断,为此设计一种新的机械设备电气故障自动检测系统。采集电气故障检测数据,提取电气故障特征,根据特征判断机械设备的电气故障原因,计算纠正参数完善电气故障检测结果,线性处理电压检测曲线,完成机械设备电气故障检测。测试结果验证,所提系统能够有效消除干扰信号,保证整体功能运行稳定,相对于对比系统,响应时间更短,数据采集精度得到明显改善。

一种基于锁相放大的谐振式密度传感器谐振频率测量系统设计

谐振式密度传感器测量密度的关键在于谐振频率的测量。现有的测频法、测周期法、FFT法等谐振频率测量方法因噪声、脉冲误差等因素限制了其精度。为了解决该问题,设计了一种以锁相放大器为核心的谐振频率测量系统,其检测电路将交流振动信号的测量转换为直流恒定电压的测量。利用实验中发现的谐振区域内该直流电压与激励频率呈近似线性关系,基于扫频思想提出并实现了一种谐振频率自动测量算法。在(20±0.05)℃环境下进行了密度标定实验,对密度传感器进行了温度补偿。实验结果表明,在密度为700 kg/m^(3)~1000 kg/m^(3)的测量范围内,测得谐振频率稳定性可达到0.002%,传感器的密度测量最大误差为0.48 kg/m^(3),最大综合测量误差为0.069%,验证了所提谐振频率测量方法的有效性、精确性。

一种低频矢量水听器内嵌式电荷放大器

针对压电式传感器输出阻抗高,需要放大器做好匹配,国外使用了IEPE传感器解决这一问题,但是国内很少将IEPE传感器应用于水听器的问题,本文设计了一种内置于水听器的电路,以达到低输出阻抗且两线制的目的,并开展了电路特性分析和硬件电路的制作,验证了电路传感器性能,得到了电路的放大倍数、幅频特性等数据。实验表明:该电路可以满足一般水听器2Hz~20kHz的使用范围,且内置电路具有两线制、输入阻抗高和输出阻抗低的优点,达到了电路小型化、测试系统简单化的目的,对水听器放大电路设计有参考意义。